Kulowerera majini: katundu zofunika kwa ndondomekoyi

DNA gawo limene lili ndi zina locus jini amatchedwa. Mwina muli Mabaibulo taphunzira za uthengawu ku maselo - alleles. Mu anthu, pali ambiri nyumba deta. Choncho gawo la makamaka allele mu matupi a anthu ambiri amanyamula dzina la mafurikwense jini lapansi.

Ndi kusintha zina zinachititsa kuti chisinthiko mitundu, pafupipafupi ake ayenera kukhala mokwanira mkulu, ndi allele ZOOPSA uyenera anakonza anthu onse a mbadwo uliwonse. Ndi kuchuluka pang'ono kusintha ake mutational sangathe zimakhudza mbiri zinachokera zamoyo.

Kuti allele pafupipafupi anakula, ayenera kuchita zinthu zina - kulowerera chibadwa, kusamuka ndi kusankha zamoyo.

kulowerera majini - ichi ndi mwachisawawa allele kukula mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti kuphatikiza ndi khalidwe zosapanganika. Zimenezi zogwirizana yakuti si anthu onse anthu zimakhudzidwa kubalana. Ndi kwambiri khalidwe zizindikiro kapena matenda kuti n'zochepa, koma chifukwa chosowa kusankha akhoza kusungidwa mu banja kapena ngakhale anthu onse a kukula yaing'ono kwa nthawi yaitali. chitsanzo Izi zimachitika kwa anthu yaing'ono, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe si anthu oposa 1,000, chifukwa mu nkhani iyi ndi kusamuka yaing'ono kwambiri.

Pofuna kumvetsa bwino kuthetsa chibadwa, ayenera kudziwa malamulo amenewa. Nthawi kumene allele pafupipafupi 0, zotsatira mibadwo sizisintha. Ngati akafika 1, ndiye tinganene kuti jini mu anthu liri lokhazikika. Mwachisawawa majini kulowerera ndipo chotsatira cha ndondomeko chikukonzekera imfa munthawi yomweyo allele wina. Nthawi zambiri, chitsanzo unkagwiritsidwa pamene kusintha ndi kusamuka sayambitsa kusintha lachikhalire zigawo za loci.

Popeza pafupipafupi jini ali ndi khalidwe sanali mbali, amachepetsa zosiyanasiyana mitundu, komanso kumawonjezera kusiyana pakati pa anthu a m'deralo. Dziwani kuti anatchula kusamuka, imene magulu osiyana a zamoyo kugawana alleles awo. Tiyeneranso kuti kulowerera majini ali pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pafupipafupi imene imachititsa munthuyo anthu ambiri, koma mu magulu aang'ono, zingakhale zoopsa zamoyo zinachita chinthu. chiwerengero cha alleles zikusintha kwambiri. Ena majini akhoza irretrievably anataya, zomwe kwambiri Wopereka zosiyanasiyana chibadwa.

Mwachitsanzo, miliri misa, kenako anthu zinachitikadi pafupifupi kuchira chifukwa nthumwi zake angapo. Komanso, ana onse anali ofanana kholo mbewu. Kenako kuwonjezeka allelic zosiyanasiyana anaonetsetsa opanga kwambiri kapena bindings yonyamuka zimene zimalimbikitsa kusiyana kukula pa mlingo chibadwa.

Oika chiwonetsero cha kulowerera majini angakhoze kumutcha maonekedwe anthu atsopano kwathunthu amene anapanga kwa anthu ochepa - otchedwa anayambitsa kwenikweni.

Izo ziyenera kuti chito za matupi athu kukonzanso kuphunzira umisiri. Majini zomangamanga - njira ya sayansi, zimene zimathandiza inu kusamutsa mudziwe chibadwa. Pamene kusintha jini zimathandiza kuthana ndi chotchinga mitundu ndi kugawira anakhumba katundu zamoyo.