Business, Mapulani njira
Kapangidwe gulu la kumalo a ntchito - chitsanzo. Kaperekedwe kapangidwe ka gulu
Kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi mapulogalamu zimatheka ndi kumanga kapangidwe gulu angathandize kutsogolera ntchito anzake a ogwira mwa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka yoyenera udindo, ufulu ndi udindo. Business kasamalidwe ayenera kusankha kapangidwe gulu logwirizana ndi zolinga njira ndi kupereka mogwirizana ogwira chilengedwe ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga ananena.
Kaperekedwe kapangidwe ka gulu
Mu dongosolo gulu amamvedwa chithunzithunzi ofunda kuti zidzasankhidwa yagawidwa ndi mgwirizano ntchito ntchito.
Khalidwe m'gulu kapangidwe zikuphatikizapo asanu zofunika:
- specialization wa ntchito ntchito;
- departamentalizatsiyu;
- mzere wa lamulo;
- kutalika kwa ulamuliro (anayeza ndi nambala pazipita Kumvetsela mutu umodzi);
- centralization siyana;
- formalization.
likuyandikira Traditional kuti departamentalizatsii
Specialization ntchito yoti ndi kugawanitsa buku okwana zinthu payekha ndi / kapena masitepe ndi Kupeza ndi kugwiritsa wantchito wa osiyanasiyana yopapatiza ya ntchito, ntchito kapena njira. Kufikako pa maziko amene ntchito ntchito ndiye munthu yagawidwa, dzina lake departamentalizatsii. Pali njira zisanu ndi mapangidwe kapangidwe gulu :
1. Njira yachitatu kuti ntchito gulu ndi akatswiri mwapadera dipatimenti ikuchitika malinga ndi zochitika ndi ziyeneretso - zomangamanga dipatimenti, kuwerengera malonda, kupanga (Chithunzi 1).
Mkuyu. 1. The bungwe dongosolo la kumalo a ntchito: chitsanzo cha dongosolo zinchito
2. Pamene tikuyandikira maziko a chigawo kulenga mayunitsi kudzikonda zili ndi kufanana kwa mankhwala ndi mapulogalamu anayambitsa kapena Hrs zimakhudza chinthu (mkuyu. 2).
Mkuyu. 2. Kapangidwe gulu la kumalo a ntchito: nkhani ya kapangidwe chigawo
3. masanjidwewo njira tichipeza mu coexistence a chigawo ndi zinchito unyolo lamulo, pa mphambano ya muli unyolo awiri a subordination: ndodo nthawi lipoti zomwezo Oyang'anira awiri mwamsanga - woyang'anira ntchito kapena mankhwala mu chitukuko kapena kukhazikitsa amene akukhudzidwa ndi mutu wa Dipatimenti zinchito (mkuyu. 3).
Mkuyu. 3. Kapangidwe gulu la kumalo a ntchito: nkhani ya kapangidwe ndi masanjidwewo
Kapangidwe watsopano wa kampani
Pakati pa "latsopano" mosavuta ndi dziphunzitsiranso ntchito njira izi mapangidwe dongosolo la:
- Njira timu ntchito bungwe kuphedwa kwa ntchito yeniyeni. gulu ungathe analenga agwirire ntchito m'madi- waukulu.
- Pamene zopezera njira, bungwe "Mapangano", ndi udindo wa utsogoleri ndi malo ofunika kuti ali wogula, amene udindo ndicho kukhala mothandizidwa ndi umisiri telefoni ubale ndi madipatimenti ena. M'madipatimenti akhoza mwachirengedwe anamwazikana padziko lonse, ntchito zawo amagwira ntchito paokha khalidwe, misonkhano wogula ndi malipiro zachokera pangano ndi phindu lapansi. Chotero chiwembu cha dongosolo gulu umaonekera mkuyu. 4.
Chithunzi 4. Kapangidwe zopezera gulu
Zinthu kulimbikitsa kusankha kapangidwe
Kusankha kapangidwe gulu zimakhudza zinthu zambiri situational, onse m'gululi ndi kunja: lonse la malonda, kulunjika ake, mlingo wa sayenda ya chilengedwe, makhalidwe a makampani omwe kampani umayendera ndi ena.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa nyumba dziphunzitsiranso ndi malamulo
Mwa nyumba malamulo, amene amatchedwa masanjidwe monga liniya, zinchito, chigawo, ndi ena. Pakati dziphunzitsiranso (organic) secrete masanjidwewo nyumba, ntchito, network ndi ena. The mbali khalidwe la nyumba izi gulu tikuonera Table 1.
Table 1. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa malamulo ndi dziphunzitsiranso nyumba gulu
| bureaucracy | kapangidwe dziphunzitsiranso | |
| zitumbuwa | • Kodi kugwirizana pakati pa atumiki ndi mabwana • Full ulamuliro wa atumiki • Poyankha Rapid kuti zinthu zovuta | • zolinga Kugwiritsa • A mkulu mlingo wa kudzipereka • ndodo Initiative • Quick nzeru zambiri pakati pa antchito a magulu |
| kuipa | • Akuchedwa zoyenda mudziwe • Low mlingo wa kudzipereka • Kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito kanthu • The kulimbirana | • The Mwina ungovernability • n'kovuta kupeza antchito oyenerera |
Cacikulu, kapangidwe gulu la kampaniyo (mwachitsanzo - malamulo dongosolo) woyenerera makampani kugwira ntchito mu malo okhazikika wakunja, ndipo organic - Makampani anawakakamiza kugwira ntchito zinthu zimene kusintha mofulumira.
Poyerekeza makhalidwe a nyumba gulu
Kapangidwe gulu la kampaniyo, malingana ndi maonekedwe a zomangamanga ake, ali ndi ubwino wake ndi kuipa zomwe zikugwirizananso ndi tebulo 2.
Table 2. Poyerekeza makhalidwe a nyumba gulu
| dzina | mafotokozedwe | ubwino | zoletsa |
| liniya | Kapangidwe gulu la kumalo a ntchito analengedwa ndi kulanda ntchito ndi mphamvu ya mutu wa kapolo ndi zina zotero mu unyolo lamulo. Mu mawonekedwe masanjidwe izi ulamuliro misinkhu | Kuphweka ndi chomasuka ulamuliro | Mkulu wa udindo aliyense ayenera kukhala woyenera komanso zothandiza pogwira ntchito iliyonse utsogoleri. tichepetse a kwambiri mitundumitundu ndi mwachirengedwe nthambi malonda zosatheka |
| The Wogwila | gulu anakhazikitsa likulu (ndodo utsogoleri). Akatswiri m'gulu kapangidwe kake (mwachitsanzo, maloya, akatswiri pa maphunziro ndodo ndi chitukuko, etc.), kugwira zokambiranazo Ngopambana pamwamba ndi Ngopambana mzere | Kuchepetsa zofunika kwa Ngopambana mzere ndi kuti atsogolere ntchito yawo | chitsanzo dongosolo gulu amakhala ndi kusowa, kapena mphamvu zochepa Wogwila |
| zinchito | Pakuti mayunitsi munthu (kupanga malonda, malonda, zachuma, etc.) monenetsa enshrines ntchito zina kasamalidwe, ntchito zina ndi maudindo | ntchito kukhathamiritsa m'dera lililonse zinchito. Ndi othandiza kwambiri pamene mankhwala osiyanasiyana zimakhalanso zonse ndi gulu laganiza makamaka mtundu womwewo wa ntchito kasamalidwe | Palibe mayunitsi wonse alibe chidwi ndi zolinga gulu, amakwiya mikangano m'madipatimenti. Mavuto pokonza ogwira ndi kusungitsa mkulu chifukwa specialization a Mabwana Oyang'anira pakati. Kuyankha wosakwiya kusintha chilengedwe kunja |
| chigawo | Kulekana kwa bungwe mu olingana ndi mtundu wa katundu, magulu kasitomala kapena madera | Kapangidwe ochiza lalikulu, mwachirengedwe omwazika makampani ndi osiyanasiyana katundu. Timatha inu kuganizira zinthu zenizeni (ntchito), magulu ogula kapena zigawo. Kanthu mwamsanga kusintha sayansi, ankafuna kugula ndi zinthu mpikisano | Kuwonjezeka ndalama kugwirizana ndi mwendo ntchito (kuphatikizapo executable mayunitsi zinchito) m'magulu osiyana |
| kamangidwe | A dongosolo zosakhalitsa analenga kuthetsa vuto zenizeni, nthawi zochepa. Lotsogoleredwa ndi woyang'anira ntchito amene ali woti gulu la akatswiri mu malo a zinthu zofunika | ogwira ntchito onse khama umalimbana kuthetsa vuto linalake | Sikutheka kuti kupereka ntchito zonse kapena kungakupatseni gulu la polojekiti nditamaliza ake. Mavuto ndi kuchulukana lamulo ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka gwero |
| masanjidwewo | gulu agawidwa dongosolo masanjidwewo (kawirikawiri - zinchito) mayunitsi, ndi yoikidwiratu Ngopambana ntchito amene ali pansi kasamalidwe pakampanipo. Atsatire, mabwana ntchito kuyang'anira yochepa ntchito za antchito magulu zinchito. Mu zonse ali singathe polojekitiyi, antchito awa ali wamng'ono kwa atsogoleri a mabungwe awo | Kusinthasintha ndi liwiro poyankha kusintha malo awo. Kutheka reallocation mofulumira chuma | Kuphwanya mfundo za mgwirizano wa lamulo chifukwa cha subordination awiri a ogwira ntchito. Zikamera nkhondo mu Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa nthaka chuma |
Choncho, kusankha kapangidwe gulu ndikofunika kudziwa ndi kuganizira ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, komanso mmene zinthu monga lonse malonda, kulunjika ake kumachitika chilengedwe, makhalidwe a makampani amene chilli umayendera ndi ena. Universal mtundu kapangidwe kuti nthawi zonse kulibeko.
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