Anthu Natural kuchepa - pa muyeso wa imfa pa ana obadwa

zovuta kwambiri zinthu masiku ano mu chiwerengero Russian. Ngati ife tikufanizira dziko mwa mawu a anthu, Russia, kumene, ayi malo otsiriza. Komabe, sizikutanthauza pakalibe mavuto. Tiganizire moposera kuti kufooka zachilengedwe anthu.

maganizo

Ngati mu Russia pa nthawiyo, ngakhale nambala alipo la kubereka ana akufa pa 1 zikwi. Anthu. mofanana m'mayiko a Azungu, vuto zaziwerengero zingakhale bwino kwambiri. одна из наиболее актуальных проблем сегодня в стране. anthu Natural kuchepa - izi ndi limodzi mwa mavuto ambiri ofunika mu dziko lero. Vutolo limachitika chifukwa cha kusadziletsa amafa pa kubadwa.

Kodi kukondwerera zowonjezera, ngati chiwerengero cha imfa lero zisungidwe pa mlingo wa 80 ntchentche. Mu zaka zapitazo, pamene index panopa alipo la kubereka, malo a dziko lathu mwa mawu a anthu adzakhala apamwamba. Kuyenera anatsindika kuti si kubalana, ndi kutchukitsa mphamvu za m'tsogolo. Iwo akufotokozera mawu a chonde akukhudzidwira ndi imfa. . kusiyana awo, nawonso, amasonyeza mlingo wa zachilengedwe kuwonjezeka / kuchepa anthu.

ziwerengero

Izo ziyenera kuti mlingo wochepa wa kubalana boma ndi chimodzimodzi oopsa kuposa kuchepa zachilengedwe anthu. подтверждается статистическими данными. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi ziwerengero. Mu zaka 13 zapitazi, anthu miliyoni 20,4 anamwalira mu Russia, ndi kuchokera 1992 mpaka 2004 - .. miliyoni 28,2 chopereka kuonjezera chiwerengero cha imfa anaonekera kanayi kuposa kuchepa mlingo kubadwa. Ngakhale kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana za Rosstat pali zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zikuoneka kuti tisanthule kachitidwe ambiri depopulation.

1992. Со следующего, 1993-го г., ее показатель ниже 750 тыс. чел. Chaka choyamba Mbiri yamakono, amene analembedwa anthu kuchepa zachilengedwe - ndi 1992. Pa lotsatira, 1993, chithunzi chake cha anthu osachepera 750 zikwi .. Ine sanagwe. Mu 1994, kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo nkhondo mlingo imfa kuposa anthu mamiliyoni 2.3. Motero, ndipo inachuluka anthu kuchepa achilengedwe. был не одномоментный всплеск. Zinali Sikuti nthawi uyenderere. A latsopano zoipa azimuth. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi manambalawo zowerengera: 1993 mpaka 1996 izo analipo anthu oposa 3250 chikwi, ndi zaka zotsatira kuchuluka kwa anthu 3350 zikwi .... M'zaka za m'ma 21 (kuchokera 2001 mpaka 2004) index kuposa 3550 zikwi. Anthu.

akulipira ndondomeko

в той либо другой степени возмещалось притоком мигрантов. Kuchepekela kwa anthu digiri ina kuchuluka recoverable anthu m'njira. Mu 1994 chiwerengero chawo chinali zikwi 846. Anthu. Mu njira iyi, 95% attrition anali kuchepetsa. Mu kusanthula izi deta kwa zaka zina zonse zikusonyeza kuchepetsa mwapang'onopang'ono udindo compensatory kwa ndondomekoyi kusamuka. Ambiri, zaka zoposa 13 za depopulation zinthu zinali kuchepetsa ndi za 35,2% (anthu mamiliyoni 3.6.). Mu 1992-1996 dziko kuyilandira poukanso kusamuka anthu oposa 2325 zikwi, ndi kuchokera 2001 mpaka 2004 - .. 282.000 basi. Pakali pano, njira kusamuka, kwenikweni osati zoperewerazo kukula kuchepa achilengedwe.

zifukwa

Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha akatswiri amene anapita kukagwira zogwirizana ndi kuchepetsa madera a Soviet Union otchedwa kusamuka angathe. Pa zaka 90 XX. mu Russian mosalekeza anthu anachokera m'mayiko oyandikana nawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife anapambana mwa iwo Russian. Pamlingo wamng'ono pakati obwerawa anali mbadwa za Kazakhstan, ndi Caucasus, Wed. Asia. Ambiri, mu mayiko onse a pafupi kunja 1 zikwi. Russian alendo 1989-2003, inabwerera za 370 anthu Russia.

Ambiri m'dzikoli anapita ku Belarus m'pang'ono - mu Azerbaijan. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu Russian Sichinatsitsidwe anakana ndi 7, ndipo anthu 4 miliyoni okha. Malinga ndi kalembera wa 2002, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 1.5 anthu chawonjezeka zina chifukwa kusintha mu gawo la Belarusians ndi Ukrainians kudzidziwa mtundu wawo.

Nthawiyi, akatswiri monga waukulu kuchepetsa chifukwa anthu otaya ku maiko oyandikana anatchula kuchepa mphamvu lonse, ndipo sinthani ndi kusamuka kwa anthu amene kwa zaka zingapo choyamba pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR sanathe kubwerera kwawo. Zimenezi, motsogoleredwa mfundo anathamangitsa ndi boma la Russia.

utsogoleri dzikoli, makamaka, sanathe amatengerapo mwayi ndi yabwino. Poyerekezera ndi tsankho umaonekera chikhazikitso cha malamulo pa chinenero, nzika, ufulu kukavota ndi zina zotero. M'mayiko ena anali Chirasha anthu ali okonzeka kubwerera ku dziko. Koma ulendo wake ndinakomana ndi nzika za mavuto analengedwa ndi akuluakulu. Choncho, zilakolako zawo zonse ku Russia msanga kuuzimitsa.

Poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena

Nkhondo itatha, France, ngakhale palibe vuto zochepa mu dera zachuma, akhoza anabwerera kwawo ku North. Africa okwana pafupifupi 1.5-2 anthu, mwachitsanzo. E. Pafupifupi onse muno. Germany kumbuyo za miliyoni 10-12 anthu, Japan - .. miliyoni 4.5 Izi zidzathandiza mayiko kuonjezera chiwerengero ndi 5-6%. The vuto pambuyo nkhondo m'mayikowa limasonyeza ochulukaŵa phindu chuma ndi ndale. Anagwira zikufanana, Russia pafupifupi 90s mapeto. Iye anatsogolera ndondomeko zosiyana ndi zinthu mtundu wawo. Izi zili woyamba kusankha Mwachitsanzo yomweyo pambuyo ufulu lamulo "Pa nzika". malamulowo zakhazikitsa zingalepheretse anthu kubwerera ku Russia pambuyo 1992

Mfundo monyang'ama

Izo ziyenera Komabe, tinganene kuti pamaso 1999, ngakhale zachilengedwe imfa kusamuka umayenda adaletsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu Russia. Kuyambira 1992 mpaka 1998. chithunzi anali 279 zikwi anthu / chaka (okwana phindu -. Anthu 1950 zikwi) ... Mu zaka 6, kuchepetsa anali kale chidwi - anthu 4785 zikwi .. Choncho, pa depopulation chiwerengero cha nzika anatsika ndi anthu miliyoni 4.9-6.8.

anapezazo

Mosiyana ndi mayiko ena, Russia angapo mbali ya depopulation. ? Kodi akufotokoza za chilengedwe anthu kuchepa? Mu Russia, kuchepa mu chonde mfundo imene ana amatha m'malo 3/5 yekha wa m'badwo makolo, wodzilemekeza ndi imfa kuchuluka. Yotsirizira, nayenso amachepetsa moyo amayembekezeka zaka 12-15, poyerekeza ndi limati zina. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti m'dera mu masanjidwe ndi mayiko monga Vietnam, Guatemala, Honduras, Egypt ndi zina zotero. Ku Ulaya, palibe boma limene moyo amayembekezeka anthu adzakhala zosakwana mu Russia.

Pomaliza

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti imfa zachilengedwe si yatsopano kwa anthu padziko lonse. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19-20. mu mkhalidwe depopulation anakhala France. Mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 20 ndi zinthu anakumana ndi ena a ku Ulaya. Kumayambiriro 70 ntchentche. motsutsa likhale zinthu zabwino kwambiri pa chitukuko chiwerengero cha imfa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu nthawi unawonongedwa wakhala kuposa chiwerengero cha ana obadwa. Zimenezi amalimbikira lero.

Kuchepa zachilengedwe anati kuyambira 1975 ku Austria. M'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi, anati kuwonjezeka miserly chiwerengero cha anthu (1 pers. Per 1 zikwi.). zinali zofanana Belgium ndi Italy, ndipo mu 90 ntchentche. - mu Sweden, Spain ndi Greece. Mu theka lachiwiri la 80s. kuchepa zachilengedwe anati mu Czech Republic, Romania, Bulgaria ndi ena East ena limati European.

Kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2004. mu Russia chiwerengero cha imfa chaka pamwamba kubadwa 800-950 pa chikwi. anthu. Chiwerengero yafupika ndi miliyoni 750-900 pachaka. Zinthu zovuta chifukwa chakuti kusamuka wataya udindo wake compensatory. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mlingo wa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu Russia atsimikiziridwa potsatira ndowe achilengedwe. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti boma zili zozama mavuto zaziwerengero.