Mpweya wa poizoni zachilengedwe

Natural mpweya wa poizoni uli ponseponse mu miyoyo yathu, ndi mbali ya chilengedwe anthu. zodabwitsazi anatulukira mu 1896 ku France wasayansi Becquerel dzina, amene anapeza chitsime cha mpweya wa poizoni zachilengedwe mwangozi pa zimenezo zotsatira pa mbale Zithunzi, amene anali atakulungidwa mu pepala wakuda, ndi fulorosenti nthaka sulfide.

Kodi mpweya wa poizoni zachilengedwe? Izi kusinthika kwa mtima atomiki a yemweyo mankhwala amafotokozera mu phata la atomu ya chinthu china. Zimenezi nthawi zonse limodzi ndi cheza nyukiliya. Great chopereka kuphunzira nkhaniyi wapanga ndi wasayansi kwambiri Marie Sklodowska-Curie. Zinali iye amene chaka cha 1898 anapeza zinthu Analandira ndi polonium.

Asayansi asonyeza kuti mpweya wa poizoni zachilengedwe ndi sasintha mchikakamizo cha zinthu kunja. Zingakhale za mitundu iwiri: za purotoni, ndi iwiri pulotoni.

Mbaliyi mpweya wa poizoni achilengedwe a zigawo zingapo. Zikuphatikizapo: a dziko poizoni nyukiliya zinthu a m'dziko, komanso cheza gwero umene uli zomangira, chakudya ndi madzi.

Ngati inu kuwerengetsa kuchuluka, ndiye mpweya wa poizoni zachilengedwe akhoza ankaimira motere: 73% - chifukwa chikoka cha zachilengedwe cheza kuti kulikonse padziko ife, 13% - analenga kupyolera chamankhwala (lofunika kwambiri yaikulu X-ray), ndi 14% cheza cha chimachititsa cheza mlengalenga.

cheza dzuwa ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu, koma ku Earth chimateteza chilengedwe Komabe, wamkulu mtunda kuchokera dziko lapansili, mphamvu zotsatira cheza dziko. Asayansi aona ndi anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri zochita zake pambuyo mamita 1000. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ndege ndege pamene iye akukwera pafupifupi 10,000 mamita, ndi cheza mlingo mu kanyumba kuposa masoka pafupifupi 10 nthawi.

Chiyamba, lomwe nthawi kuwonekera Sun, ndi wamphamvu zikuluzikulu za "mwachibadwa" maziko poizoniyu. Magwero zotsatirazi - izo particles zomwe zili mbali ya zomangamanga, zinyansi ku khala kuyaka, ndi feteleza mankwala.

Pamene mlingo anagawira cha mpweya wa poizoni zachilengedwe padziko lapansili? Asayansi kuti zimasiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa 5 -20 yaying'ono-roentgen paola. Pa nthawi yomweyo pamaso umunthu funso n'lakuti, kodi zoipa chithunzi amenewo kwa moyo wa anthu kuti ukhale lathuli.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, kunena asayansi osokonezeka. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kuwonongeka kwa cheza ndi negligible, pamene ena amati izo zimayambitsa matenda aakulu ndipo masinthidwe, koma n'zoonekeratu kwambiri kuti nkhani zimenezi zimafuna mudziwe zambiri.

N'zochititsa chidwi bwanji maziko cheza munthu pafupifupi sangatero, kotero muyenera mungadzitetezere ku zotsatira za zinthu zoipa zimene upambana mfundo chovomerezeka.

Mayunitsi cha mpweya wa poizoni:

• 1 rem = 0.01 sv;
• 1 mrem = 0.01 milli Sievert.

cheza dziko ndi ofanana ndi mlingo wa pachaka wa 30 mrem (300 sv), koma Mwachitsanzo, pa pafupifupi 10 kuchokera cheza mlingo nthawi zina 100 wamkulu. Mlingo wa poizoni ndi osiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso m'mayiko payekha. Iye ndi 30, ku France, ndi US ndi Japan - 60 millirem pa chaka. Chiwerengero cha mayiko awa wolemera chaka amalandira 100-150 mrem cheza chifukwa maziko wogwila. Mu Russia, ichi chithunzi ndi zaka 65 mrem / chaka.

Njira imene ingested zinthu nyukiliya angathe kukhala yosiyanasiyana. Ambiri a iwo: m'mapapo, ndi chakudya, kudzera pakhungu mayamwidwe. Kuchuluka mpweya wa poizoni zikuwononga amakhudza thupi. zinthu woopsawo amafalitsidwa wogawana mu thupi la munthu wovulalayo. Ngati ife kuganizira zinthu zonse zimene radionuclides, pachaka mlingo anthu pa avareji 135 mrem.