Fulminate wa Mercury

M'zaka za m'ma 17, Johann Kunkel koyamba Mercury fulminate. Chinsinsi kupanga pawiri izi zafotokozedwa mu m'buku lake, lomwe linasindikizidwa atamwalira alchemist lapansi. Atapeza Mercury fulminate si ntchito mpaka 1800. kupanga Chinsinsi pawiri linatsegulidwa Edward Howard. Asayansi anaphunzira zambiri katundu wake. Yeniyeni mipweya pawiri omwe afunsidwa Liebig za 1824.

Tikumbukenso kuti zisanachitike mu 1807, chaka Forsyth setifiketi ntchito mankhwala monga Mlengi wa detonation wa ufa wakuda. Mu 1836, chaka chomwe chinalengedwa ndi mfuti, amene amagwiritsa percussion igniter. Percussion primers mu Russia anayamba kutulutsa kuchokera mu 1843, chaka. Nobel mu 1867 anatulukira kapu kabotolo, lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kupambana mu detonation wa dynamite.

Mercury fulminate ndi mokwanira poizoni pawiri. Koma ngozi zikuluzikulu, monga likukhalira, si chakupha.

Kapangidwe komanso wakhala kuwerenga rattlesnakes salt kwathunthu ndi 1890. Izi mankhwala sayansi akhala dzina okhwima - fulminates ( "mphezi").

Kwa zaka zambiri, Mercury fulminate poyatsira kuyang'anira onga ndi dynamite. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, mabomba atsopano kuyambitsa - teneres ndi azide patsogolo. The yamasika, malinga ndi asayansi, waukulu lero.

Mercury fulminate "mantha" madzi. Komanso, mu kuchita, si nthawi zonse amatha n'zothandiza ntchito yachiwiri pawiri ndipo kawirikawiri amafuna detonator zina.

Mercury fulminate ankayimiridwa ngati imvi kapena woyera crystalline ufa. Mu mawonekedwe youma akusonyeza tilinazo mkulu mantha, moto, ndi kukana ena kumva kuwawa. Kuphulika kumachitika pamene poyera kuti pawiri wa moyikirapo sulfuric asidi. Kuwonongeka Mercury fulminate chifukwa zidulo amphamvu, komanso otentha ndipo machitidwe a mchere zamchere.

Chilinganizo Mercury (njoka yambobo) Hg (CNO) 2.

Ku amadzimadzi njira crystallization amapezeka hemihydrate chikasu (chifukwa kukhalapo zosafunika hydrolysis mankhwala). Osati ali solubility zabwino mu Mowa.

White kusinthidwa ndi akusonyeza ndi kukana noticeable kuti kukana matenthedwe ndi mankhwala. Atengeke dzuwa - m'kupita kwa walitsa akuyamba mdima ndi zigawo pamwamba anapanga mankhwala enaake.

Mlingo kuyaka kwa dongosolo la 15,5 mamilimita / s. Pali mankhwala enaake fulminate yogwira anachita ndi magnesium kapena zotayidwa, makamaka pamaso pa chinyezi. Zingayambitse inaphulika. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pasakhale kukhudzana ndi mankhwala enaake oopsa fulminate ndi zitsulo izi.

Pawiri youma anasonyeza anachita mokwanira wodekha ndi mkuwa, siliva, cadmium. Kaya boma (chonyowa kapena youma) Kodi samva ndi zitsulo kapena zitsulo.

Atadziŵa kuwomba pawiri linawola popanda zikuphulika. Tikawerenga za ena chinyezi sate pa zana kwathunthu wotaya tilinazo ake. Pa kutentha madigiri oposa makumi asanu akuyamba pang'onopang'ono kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala enaake fulminate. Izi zimachitika ngakhale zinthu youma. Pa kutentha madigiri 90-95 kwa pawiri masiku ochepa linawola kwathunthu. Izi ndipamene zinthu lachikasu sanali zachiwawa. Pamene kuwonjezera pawiri kuti 10% ya ethyl pawiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kukhazikika pa kutentha kwa madigiri makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Kutentha kuyang'anira wothinikizidwa lotayirira, zipita detonation. Chochititsa chidwi wosindikiza pawiri kumathandiza kuti imfa ya katundu wa kuyambitsa zachiwawa. The mathamangidwe wa detonation cha 2300 m / s, ngati osalimba ndi 1,25 g / cm3. Kutentha kuphulika kwa - 1,79 MJ / kg. Voliyumu ya mankhwala detonation - 315 L / kg.

Kukanikiza ikuchitika pa mavuto 250-300 makilogalamu / cm2 kabotolo kapu.