Monga mabakiteriya kudya? Kapangidwe ndi ntchito yofunika ya mabakiteriya

Mabakiteriya - tizilombo ndi losavuta. Nthawi zambiri ali chimodzi chokha selo. Mu chikhalidwe, pali onse opindulitsa ndi zoipa kwa anthu ndi tizilombo chilengedwe. Lang'anani, iwo onse amakhala ndi dongosolo wosazindikira ndi kukula yaing'ono. Nditawerenga nkhaniyo, mungapeze momwe mabakiteriya kudyetsa, zimasokoneza ndi kupuma.

General zokhudza mabakiteriya

Mabakiteriya - superkingdom tizilombo prokaryotic. Today pali zoposa zikwi zisanu amauyang'anira. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti kwenikweni pali zambiri tosaoneka. Bacteriology - nthambi ya sayansi kuti amaphunzira tizilombo pulayimale.

kukula avareji 0.5-5 microns. Onse m'magulu awiri - zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi multicellular. Woyamba ikuchitika mwamtheradi njira zonse zimene chibadidwe ndi zamoyo. Dziwani kuti ambiri motility bakiteriya.

Mawu akuti "mabakiteriya" monga ankapoperamo palokha unachokera mu mochedwa 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Poyamba, iye anali lofanana ndi prokaryotes. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku mu 1977, chinapezeka kuti iwo anali ogaŵikana subgroups awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo, ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "mabakiteriya".

The ndondomeko ya kupuma akanika

Kuimba ndondomeko kupuma, tizilombo ambiri, komanso anthu amene muyenera oxygen. oimira amatchedwa aerobic. Komabe, pali anthu mabakiteriya osavuta omwe safuna mpweya. Mpweya zolengedwa izi tosaoneka - mtundu wa poizoni. dzina lawo sayansi - anaerobes.

Iwo amakhala mu zigawo chapamwamba ndi kumasura dothi, chakudya ndi madzi. Pangani luso moyo pa kuya kwambiri m'nthaka, matupi madzi, komanso mwachindunji mu matope. Dziwani kuti kupuma aerobic mabakiteriya sangakhale kumene anaerobes moyo.

Si chinsinsi kuti ntchito tizilombo zingachititse nayonso mphamvu. Kupuma ndi mtundu wa tizilombo provocateur ndondomeko imeneyi. Kwambiri konyezimira chitsanzo - ndi yisiti. Monga chifukwa cha nayonso mphamvu yawo chimabweretsa mpweya woipa komanso madzi.

Mphamvu mogwirizana. parasitism

Monga mabakiteriya kudya ndi zimene parasitism? Nkhani zimenezi nthawi zambiri chidwi osati zamoyo, komanso monga anthu chidwi. Mayankho a mafunso amenewa mungapeze nkhani.

Tizilombo zomwe kudya zinthu organic anawagawa m'magulu awiri - saprotrophs ndi majeremusi. The ntchito choyamba yoola zotsala chakudya, ndipo chachiwiri moyo mbeuyo ena. Lero, parasitism - chodabwitsa zofala. Zimachitika monga tizilombo okha, ndi anthu komanso nyama. Nthawi zambiri parasitism INGATHE kuyambitsa matenda aakulu.

Amadziwika kuti tizilombo, pali njira ziwiri mphamvu. Heterotrophic zamoyo - ali tosaoneka zolengedwa kuti ntchito zachitukuko wokonzeka nkhani yake organic. Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo autotrophs - tizilombo amene kudzidalira mwa mphamvu. cyanobacterium ichi, mabakiteriya chitsulo ndi mabakiteriya sulfure. Choyamba mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. Iwo cyanobacteria angabweretse organic kuchokera ku zipangizo zochita kupanga.

zamoyo Heterotrophic zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: majeremusi, symbionts ndi saprophytes. Monga ulamuliro, mabakiteriya parasitic ntchito kwambiri kuti thupi la nyama, mbalame, nsomba kapena anthu. Iwo akhoza moyo padziko khungu. Mabakiteriya nthaŵi zambiri parasitic zomera. Dziwani kuti mabakiteriya heterotrophic sangathe kugwira ntchito zake zofunika pa zomera wathanzi. Izi zitha kuchitika pa chochitika padziko pali atsopano mabala. Nthawi zambiri nthanga kachilombo ndi mababu. Pankhaniyi, matenda imafalikira vegetatively. Chifukwa cha matenda bakiteriya angakhale mvula kapena kuthirira yokumba. The matenda ambiri kufalitsa tizilombo, nthata ndi mbalame. Anthu, parasitism zingachititse chifuwa chachikulu, fuluwenza, kutsekula m'mimba, kolera ndi mliri.

Symbionts ndi saprophytes

Saprophytes - ndi mabakiteriya kuti kudya zinthu zakufa organic. Iwo wachotsa micronutrients ku zinthu zopanda moyo, kenako anachoka kumeneko ndi michere. Iwo kuyamwa zinthu kusungunuka.

Symbionts - ndi bakiteriya amene sakukhala okha pamodzi ndi zamoyo zina, komanso kuwabweretsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zolengedwa tosaoneka moyo mu tubers wa nyemba. Iwo kuyamwa asafe, umene ndi feteleza zomera. Anthu ndi nyama imapezekanso symbionts. Kulola pazipita khalidwe kukonzedwa kukonza chakudya mosavuta kwambiri kufunika mavitamini thanzi.

Zothandiza zimatha mabakiteriya

N'zosadabwitsa kuti kulemera okwana tizilombo omwe alipo thupi lathu liri pafupi awiri makilogalamu. mabakiteriya opindulitsa zomwe anthu thupi la munthu wamoyo, wotchedwa microbiota. Bungwe la zoposa wani miliyoni. Microbiota ndi udindo thanzi labwino. mabakiteriya opindulitsa kuteteza thupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Dera lalikulu la kufalitsa microbiota - ndi matumbo. mabakiteriya opindulitsa malo acidic kumeneko kuti Musatenge zamoyo matenda.

chitetezo zachilengedwe

The katundu wa bakiteriya amene amapezeka airway anthu ndi padziko khungu lake, ndi kuteteza malo awo. The tizilombo toyambitsa matenda owopsa kuti aukire mabacteria ndi streptococcus, staphylococcus ndi micrococcus.

M'zaka zochepa zapitazi chitetezo achilengedwe a khungu anthu lasintha zambiri zikuluzikulu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu wasamuka kuchoka pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi chikhalidwe pokhudzana nthawi zonse ndi mankhwala. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti Zogwiritsira microbiota, amene ali pamwamba pa lero khungu n'chosiyana kwambiri chimene analipo kale.

Kubwezeretsa microworld ndi

Amadziwika kuti microbiota a chamoyo msanga kusinthidwa. Mphamvu mabakiteriya zimadalira chakudya cha nthandala. The tizilombo owopsa kwa zakudya amene ali mankhwala mchere; kutetezera ndi colorants yokumba. zinthu izi zimawononga zachilengedwe microcosm anthu. Ndi kuti m'tsogolo kungabweretse mavuto osiyanasiyana thanzi.

Nkofunika ndithu kuzindikira kuti microcosm amafuna mwatcheru. Ife kwambiri amalangiza kuti nthawi kubwezeretsa microbiota kuteteza angapo matenda. Zimenezi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito probiotics Inde. Pofuna kukhala microcosm chake muyenera kudya zamasamba zambiri, masiku kusala kudya ndi nkhomaliro zachilengedwe phala.

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi funso mmene kudyetsa mabakiteriya amene ali mu thupi lathu. Tidapeza kuti opindulitsa yaying'ono-zamoyo kunyeketsa mofanana chonyamulira awo. Pachifukwa ichi, kukhalabe dongosolo amphamvu chitetezo mu malo oyamba m'pofunika kusintha zakudya zanu.

Michere kuti chikusintha chikhalidwe ambiri

Mwina tonsefe bwino nkhaniyo, pamene atatha kudya chimaonekadi poipa thanzi akukhudzidwira. Chonchi choncho adzakhala zofunika bakiteriya michere. Pati ndi momwe iwo akuchitira pa thupi la munthu?

Ambiri amanena kuti pambuyo zobwera holide iwo okhumudwa chifukwa masiku angapo. Iwo amadandaula Chotupa chija, kufooka ndi kusafuna kudya. Zizindikiro zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyesa kulikankhira wathanzi. Kuthana ndi ndondomeko imeneyi ndi kubwezeretsa thanzi labwino, m'pofunika monga mu zakudya zakudya ndi lopangidwa ndi michere bakiteriya. Zikuphatikizapo tchizi, tchizi zovuta, kefir, yogurt, thovu yakeyi mkaka ndi zina chakudya mkaka. Akatswiri amalangiza kumwa mankhwala okhala probiotics. Asanayambe chithandizo, ndi mpofunikila kukaonana ndi dokotala.

The zokopa anapeza. Mabakiteriya kuti kudya pulasitiki

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito yofunika ya mabakiteriya ndi chidwi akatswiri padziko lonse. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti tizilombo sali choncho wosazindikira monga izo zikumveka. Zimenezi zikusonyeza anazitulukira ndi gulu la biochemists Chinese ndi microbiologists. Zaka ziwiri zapitazo, anapeza mabakiteriya kuti kudya pulasitiki. Malinga ndi asayansi, izi adzapulumutsa dziko kuchokera kuwononga chilengedwe.

Anatulukira mwangozi. Mutu wa gulu ananena kuti nyumba yake ndi nthawi nyansi mosavuta. Tsiku lina anaona kuti ambiri a mphutsi wamng'ono pano mu thumba pulasitiki ndi zotsalira za dzinthu, amene umeze ma CD disposable. Pankhaniyi chinachititsa ofufuza kuti akhulupirire kuti akhoza kupulumutsa dziko ku kuipitsidwa lonse.

Ndatha zingapo zatsopano, wotsogolera gulu tinapeza kuti osati mphutsi kudya pulasitiki ndi polyethylene, komanso kudya izo. Kunapezeka kuti ndi chifukwa chakuti m'matumbo mbozi ndi chiwerengero cha tizilombo. Ndi iwo ndi kupukusa poizoni. Akatswiri waika mayeso mphutsi padziko polyethylene. N'zosadabwitsa, koma patatha mwezi umodzi iwo anali kufufuza phukusi maso. Mphamvu amalola mabakiteriya osati kutumiza pulasitiki yobwezeretsanso, ndi kuuononga posachedwapa.

tizilombo toyambitsa matenda malo

Pali mabakiteriya onse opindulitsa ndi parasitic. Yotsirizira zingachititse ambiri matenda. Kuti azipeza kuteteza thupi lanu ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunika kudziwa kwenikweni kumene amakhala.

• Chinthu dirtiest mu nyumba, amene mukufuna kuti mabakiteriya oopsa - ndi chinkhupule kwa mbale. Kale patapita mlungu ntchito mwachangu ayenera m'malo. Imanyowetsa chinkhupule, amene anali chakudya particles - ndi malo abwino kwa kukula kwa tizilombo parasitic.
• Wina phunziro lomwe ndi wokonda zolengedwa tosaoneka - chotsukira mkamwa. Osowa m'malo a kuwongola zingachititse zosiyanasiyana matenda opatsirana monga SARS.
• anthu ochepa ndikuganiza, koma TV kutali - ndi nkhani yomwe amakhala nambala yaikulu mabakiteriya oopsa moyo. Kuti mudziteteze kwa anthu, ndikofunikira kamodzi pa sabata bwino nkhani za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati munthu banja amanyamula matenda, zimenezi ziyenera kuchitidwa tsiku.

Mungadzitetezere ku chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, m'pofunika muzisamba m'manja monga Nthawi zambiri. Pakuti zotsatira kwambiri, nthawi zonse ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

kubalana tizilombo

Kwa amene akufuna kuphunzira zambiri za tizilombo yosavuta, n'kofunika osati kuti mabakiteriya kudya, komanso mmene kubereka. Mfundozi ndi chidwi oyamba ambiri microbiologists. Ambiri mwa selo bakiteriya replicates anagawa pawiri. Ngati bakiteriya ali ndi mawonekedwe chowulungika, likhoza kugawidwa kudutsa. Palinso mitundu kuti kubereka budding. The ndondomeko kugonana chosowa kwambiri ndipo kawirikawiri E. coli yekha.

Njira kubalana akanika kumachitika mofulumira zokwanira. Komabe, gulu akhoza kutenga malo okhawo pa zochitika zina. M'mikhalidwe chowawa, ena subspecies mabakiteriya akhoza kupanga spores. N'zosadabwitsa kuti selo limodzi lokha, mukalandire anthu mabiliyoni angapo. Ambiri mwa ana aang'ono kufa chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe.

Polongosola mwachidule

Mabakiteriya - ndi zamoyo zing'onozing'ono zimene zatizungulira kulikonse. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino ndi zoipa pa chilengedwe ndi thanzi la munthu. microbiologists ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mabakiteriya ndi losavuta monga izo zikuwoneka. Lero kudziwika tizilombo amene angakuthandizeni kupirira tsoka zachilengedwe mu dziko. M'nkhani ino mungapeze kunja osati mmene mabakiteriya chakudya, komanso kudziwa momwe iwo kawetedwe ndi kupuma.