Kulolerana n'chiyani, ndipo ngati kuli kofunika anthu

Anthu ali mu ndondomeko ya kusanduka ake afika kutali siteji nyama ya anthu masiku ano. Yosangalatsa nyama, anthu analandira kuchokera pamene chilakolako chake cha chikumbumtima anazungulira yekha ndi anthu ngati okha (anthu a fuko lake), ndi kudana ndi anthu kusiyana kuonekera maonekedwe, khalidwe ndi moyo. mbali ino ya nyama munthu aliri zinagwira ku tsankho la "khwangwala woyera" - anthu amene maganizo a anthu. osatukuka sankadziwa, kodi kulolerana: fuko kuteteza Mwachibadwa, malinga amuna kusamalira za ana, ndi anthu ena a fuko chosiyana ambiri a anthu ake, anthu ankadana nawo.

Pa zimene siteji ya chitukuko anthu , lingaliro la kulolerana? Mwamsanga pamene mafuko anayamba mu mtendere zochokera kugawana, kulankhulana wina ndi mzake, anthu anayamba kupeza "ena". Kuopa alendo, umene ndi kuopa mlendo, lachilendo, kunayamba kupereka njira amakopeka ndi watsopano, zosadziwika. Zonse zinayamba kuchitika nthawi zambiri zochitika pamene anthu ku fuko lina anakakhala malo ena, akupitirizabe kutsatira miyambo awo, kupulumutsa chinenero ndi miyambo. M'malemba wakale, timakumana woyamba zofuna makhalidwe ndi kofuna kulolerana. Mwachitsanzo, Baibulo (Iskh.22: 21, Lev.19: 33) limapereka malangizo omveka bwino kukhala wololera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo limasonyeza zifukwa makhalidwe amenewa ololera: musati akamenyane mlendo, chifukwa inunso munali alendo alendo m'dziko la Iguputo.

Apa tikuona kulolerana kwa alendo, ndiko kuti, okamba za zinenero zina ndi zikhalidwe zina. Koma chikhulupiriro chamakono cha kulolerana ndi onse kuposa masiku a masiku amakedzana. Kodi zikutanthauza kulolerana kwa munthu ano? Mawu amenewa amatanthauzanso kulolerana zosiyanasiyana khalidwe, umoyo, maganizo, chipembedzo. Koma mawu a "kuleza mtima" kale kuwonjezekeredwa kugonjetsa chinachake, "kuvutika" zimene zomwe timayenera kuzipirira. Iwo - traybolichesky mbali pamene ife ankadana wosiyana moyo wathu ndi maganizo. Tikadali amafunitsitsa pamene "anthu ena" kulibe kwina kutali, koma pamene iwo akhale anthu athu apamtima, anthu anayamba sasangalala.

Kwa zaka zambiri wakhala zochitika zambiri za tsankho kwa akuluakulu a mafuko ena, mitundu ndi mafuko. Anti-Semitism si woyamba ndi munthu womaliza. Koma bwanji ngati kazembe wa dziko lanu, anthu olankhula chinenero chanu, amene, mfundo pa mfundo anthu a mtundu wako akhale wosiyana ndi anthu ambiri mwadzidzidzi osankhidwa wina chikhulupiriro, njira ina ya moyo, makhalidwe ena? Mu Middle Ages, pamene anthu ena kale lalandiridwa malamulo a wololera maganizo, makhalidwe kwa anthu otsutsa chipembedzo mu kuya kwa Chikhristu ku Ulaya anali osatukuka a zipolowe. Kuti ndi kulolerana, wodziwika mu XIII atumwi, anthu a mumzinda wa Béziers analimbikitsa kupereka Akhristu ampatuko onse okhala m'mwemo, koma anthu - ngakhale anali mu ambiri a Akatolika - anakana kutero. Kenako Akhristu anapha anthu onse a Beziers "uchimo wa kulolerana."

Mu nthawi ya nkhondo zachipembedzo chakhala makamaka mwamsanga kufunika kudziwa zimene kulolerana. mayiko a ku Ulaya akhala ogaŵikana "Catholic", pomwe anthu onse amene anali Akatolika, ndi "Protestant", pomwe Akatolika analipo ochepa. Ndiye malamulo a kulekerera achipembedzo anatengedwa, chimene oimira zipembedzo zosiyana ufulu chipembedzo chawo.

Voltaire uli mmodzi wa tanthauzo kwambiri capacious zimene kulolerana: "Ndine kwambiri amanyansidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro anu, bwana, - analemba kuti Goliyati - koma ndikupereka moyo wanga kwa inu kuti mwayi wogwira nawo mwaufulu." Mu jurisprudence ano mfundo Kulolera chitaikidwa yekha mu 1995, pamene UNESCO anatenga Declaration ya Mfundo pa Kulekerera.