Sergiy Radonezhsky - Wambiri. Sergiy Radonezhsky - 700-chaka chaka. Anamanganso wa Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Ambiri a ife tikudziwa amene Sergiy Radonezhsky. yonena wake ndi chidwi kwa anthu ambiri, ngakhale amene ali kutali ndi mpingo. Anakhazikitsa pafupi Moscow Utatu ansembe yotchedwa (panopa ndi Utatu, Sergio Lavra), anachita zinthu zambiri ku mpingo Russian. Woyera wokondedwa Mama wake ndipo kwambiri khama kuvala kuthandiza anthu ake kupulumuka masoka onse. Tinaphunzira za moyo wa St. mipukutu mwa anzake ophunzira. Ntchito Epifaniya Mudrogo wotchedwa "The Life of Sergiya Radonezhskogo," iye analemba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XV, ndi opereka zokhudza moyo wa woyera. Onse a pamanja, amene anaonekera kenako, ndife anthu ambiri processing zipangizo wake.

Place ndi nthawi ya kubadwa

Sizikudziwika ndi kumene anabadwa woyera m'tsogolo. wophunzira ake Epiphanius Wanzeru mu Moyo wa Abusa a nkhani za mu njira zosamvetsetseka kwambiri. Azambiriyakale akukumana ndi vuto ya kutanthauzira mfundo. Kuphunzira ntchito za mpingo wa XIX atumwi ndi otanthauzira, chinapezeka kuti tsiku la kubadwa kwa Sergiya Radonezhskogo, nthawi zambiri - ndi May 3, 1319. Komabe, asayansi ena amafuna kuti masiku ena. Malo a kubadwa kwa mwana Bartholomew (dzina cha oyera mu dziko) ndi losadziwika. Epiphanius Wanzeru limasonyeza kuti bambo dzina la mmonke anali Cyril ndi amake - Mary. Musanayambe kuti Radonezh banja ankakhala Rostov ukulu. Akukhulupirira kuti anabadwa St. Sergiy Radonezhsky m'mudzi Varnita m'dera Rostov. Pa ubatizo mnyamata anapatsidwa dzina Bartholomew. Makolo anamutchula polemekeza Mtumwi Bartholomew.

Childhood ndi zozizwitsa loyamba

Mu banja, makolo Bartholomew anali ndi ana atatu. ngwazi athu anali mwana wachiwiri. Awiri abale ake, Stephen ndi Peter, ana smyshlonymi. Mwamsanga katswiri kuwerenga ndi kulemba, iwo aphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Koma Bartholomew kuphunzira sanapereke. Ziribe kanthu momwe ozunzidwa ndi makolo ake, iye anayesetsa kukambirana ndi aphunzitsi, mnyamatayo kuŵerenga, ndipo mabuku opatulika anali kuwerengedwa kwa kumvetsetsa kwake. Ndiyeno chozizwitsa chinachitika: mwadzidzidzi ankadziwa kalata Bartholomew, tsogolo woyera Sergiy Radonezhsky. yonena wake ndi zimasonyeza mmene chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu amathandiza kuti tigonjetse ndi mavuto. Za zodabwitsa nauchenii kulemba mnyamata anati dzina lake Moyo 'Epiphanius Ngwanzeru zakuya. Iye ananena kuti Bartholomew yaitali ndipo anapemphera ndi mtima wonse, kupempha Mulungu kuti amuthandize kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba, kudziwa Lemba. Ndipo tsiku lina, pamene bambo anga Kirill anatumiza mwana wake kuyang'ana akavalo odyetserako, Bartholomew anaona munthu wokalamba pansi pa mtengo mu wakuda chasuble. The mnyamata kwinaku anauza woyera za kulephera wake kuphunzira ndipo anapempha kupemphera pamaso pa Ambuye. Mkuluyo anamuuza kuti lero mwanayo bwino kuposa abale awo dipuloma. St. Bartholomew anaitanidwa ku nyumba ya makolo ake. Pamaso ulendo wawo, iwo anapita ku nyumba yopemphereramo, kumene mnyamata ndilipo awerenge Salmo. Ndiye mofulumira ndi mlendo kwa makolo kuwasangalatsa. Cyril ndi Mariya, pakumva za chozizwitsa anayamba kutamanda Ambuye. Funso mkuluyo za tanthauzo la zinthu zimenezi chodabwitsa zodabwitsa, anapeza kuchokera alendo kuti mwana wawo Bartholomew zinali zodzaza ndi Mulungu m'mimba. Choncho pamene Mariya anabwera atatsala pang'ono kubereka mpingo, mwana m'mimba mayi anafuula katatu, pamene oyera akuimba mapemphero. Msangani wenewu Epifaniya Mudrogo umaonekera chithunzi cha wojambula Nesterov a "Masomphenya a Young Bartholomew".

The zochuluka loyamba

N'chiyaninso china amalembedwa ngati mwana St. Sergiy Radonezhsky mu nkhani ya Epiphany Wanzeru? Wophunzira wa St. inanena kuti zaka pamaso 12 zakubadwa Bartholomew anali ankasala kudya kwambiri. Lachitatu ndi Lachisanu, anadya kanthu, ndipo pa masiku ena anadya yekha mkate ndi madzi. Usiku mnyamata zambiri anagona kuthera nthawi pa kupemphera. Zonsezi mutu wa mkangano makolo ake a mnyamatayu. Maria osokonezeka awa zochuluka woyamba wa mwana wake.

Resettlement mu Radonezh

Posachedwapa, banja la Cyril ndi Mary kwadzaoneni. Anawakakamiza kuti asamukire ku nyumba ku Radonezh. Izo zinachitika pa za 1328-1330 zaka. Mumadziwika ndi chifukwa banja anali kwadzaoneni. Nthawi chovuta mu Russia, limene linali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Golden gulu. Koma osati Chitata ndiye mundilanda anthu a kuleza dziko lathu, kumukakamiza msonkho ake mumamva ndi kufunkha wokhazikika pa kukagawira. Chitata Mongol khans okha anasankha ndani wa akalonga Russian kulamulira mu ukulu ena. Ndipo anali osachepera mayeso aakulu kwa mtundu wonse kuposa nkhondo ya Golden gulu. Ndithudi, "chisankho" anali limodzi ndi nkhanza anthu. Nthawi zambiri anauza yekha Sergiy Radonezhsky. mbiri yake - chitsanzo omveka a kusayeruzika chikuchitika pa nthawi imeneyo ku Russia. The ukulu wa Rostov adachoka Grand Duke wa Moscow, Ivan Danilovich. Atate wa woyera m'tsogolo anasonkhana ndipo anasamukira ku Rostov kuti Radonezh banja, pofuna kudziteteza ndi okondedwa kwa akuba ndiponso zofuna zawo.

moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke

Pamene ena panali kubadwa Sergiya Radonezhskogo sakudziwika. Koma tinamva enieni mudziwe mbiri ubwana wake ndi moyo achinyamata. Amadziwika kuti, monga mwana, anapemphera. Pamene iye anapotoloka 12, iye anaganiza kumene kumakhala Amonke malonjezo. Cyril ndi Mary sanatsutse. Komabe, iwo anaika mwana wa chikhalidwe: ayenera kukhala wansembe mpaka pambuyo pa imfa yawo. Pambuyo Bartholomew anadzakhala thandizo yekha ndi kuthandiza achikulire. Pamene Petulo ndi m'bale Stefan ayamba mabanja awo ndi kukhala mosiyana ndi makolo awo okalamba. Sindinali kudikira mnyamatayo posachedwa Cyril ndi Mary anamwalira. Asanafe iwo, malinga ndi mwambo wa nthawi imeneyo ku Russia, tinatenga kumene kumakhala Amonke malonjezo choyamba, ndiye chithunzithunzi. Pambuyo pa imfa ya makolo awo, Bartholomew anapita Khotkovo-Pokrovsky obisika. Kumeneko anatenga kumene kumakhala Amonke malonjezo m'bale wake, Stephen, kale amasiye. Posakhalitsa, panali abale. Kuyesetsa kuti "lotsatira moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke", iwo anakhazikitsa m'mbali mwa mtsinje Konchury zipululu. Pamenepo, pakati pa osamva Radonezh boron, mu 1335 Bartholomew anamanga yaing'ono matabwa mpingo, dzina lake polemekeza Utatu Woyera. Tsopano mu malo ake waima pa tchalitchi mpingo wa Utatu Woyera. M'bale Stefan posachedwapa anasamukira ku Epiphany ansembe yotchedwa, sangathe kubala kwambiri wokonda moyo wodzimana ndi wowuma moyo mu nkhalango. Pa malo atsopano, iye adzakhala abbot. Ndi Bartolomeyo, ndekha, watiitana Mitrofan abbot natenga malonjezo. Tsopano, iye anali kudziwika ngati mmonke Sergio. Pa nthawi ya moyo wake ali ndi zaka 23. Posachedwa Sergio akhamukira Chimonko. Pa malo a mpingo wa agulupa utakhazikitsidwa, amene lero amatchedwa Utatu-Sergio Lavra. Atate Sergio anali abbot chachiwiri apa (woyamba anali Mitrofan). Mabwana ndi ophunzira ake chitsanzo cha khama kwambiri ndi kudzichepetsa. Mmonke Sergiy Radonezhsky iye sanadzitengere sadaka atsogoleri a chipembedzowo ndi agulupa choletsedwa kutero, kuyitanira ku moyo zokha ndi zipatso za ntchito ya manja awo. Ulemerero wa agulupa ndi abbot ake anakula anafika kumzinda wa Constantinople. Zipembedzo mabishopu, Filofei ndi akazembe wapadera ku mtanda kuti St. Sergio, chithunzithunzi, ndi paraman kalata, umene analipira msonkho kwa abbot moyo wolungama, ndipo analangiza kulowa kunyumba mu abale. Kumvera malangizo awa, abbot wa Radonezh anadzetsa obisika obschinnozhitelny wake hayala. Iwo anali atakambirana m'malo ambiri ku Russia.

yotumikira Lathu

Ndi kwambiri lipindulitsa ndi wabwino pa Mama awo Sergiy Radonezhsky. 700th chikumbutso la kubadwa kwake chikondwerero chaka chino. D. A. Medvedev, mtsogoleri wa boma latsopano la Russia zinasaina lamulo pa chikondwerero cha ichi losaiwalika ndi yosangalatsa tsiku lonse Russian. Chifukwa ngofunika ngati ku Moyo wa woyera pa mlingo boma? Mkhalidwe Waukulu invincibility ndi inviolability a dziko lililonse - mu umodzi wa anthu ake. Iwo bwino anamvetsa nthawi Atate Sergio. Ndi bwino kuti andale wathu lero. Bwino ntchito ya okhazikitsa mtendere wa woyera. Choncho, pakuona ankanena kuti Sergio ofatsa, mawu chete akhoza kupeza njira zawo kwa mtima wa munthu aliyense, bwanji mitima ambiri zowawa ndi zamwano, kuitana anthu mtendere ndi kumvera. Nthawi zambiri woyera anali kugwirizanitsa magulu omenyanawa. Choncho, anaitana pa akalonga Russian kugwirizanitsa, zochotsa kusiyana konse, ndi kumvera boma la Moscow kalonga. Iwo anadzakhala chikhalidwe chachikulu kumasulidwa ku Chitata Mongol goli. Ndithu chopereka kwa Russian chigonjetso mu Nkhondo ya Kulikov anapanga Sergiy Radonezhsky. Mwachidule kumuuza za n'zosatheka. Grand Duke Dmitri, amene kenako anakhala dzina la Don, pamaso nkhondo anadza kwa oyera kupemphera ndi kumufunsa nzeru, n'zotheka kukaniza asilikali Russian osapembedza. Orda Khan Mamai agumanikanambo anyankhondo kumapeputsa, kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse ukapolo anthu a Russia. Anthu a dziko lathu munali ndi mantha aakulu. Ndipotu, palibe koma wakhoza kumenya asilikali mdani. St. Sergio anafunsa mkulu anayankha kuti kuteteza dziko - ndi kukondweretsa Mulungu, ndi kumudalitsa nkhondo lalikulu. Moyang'ana m'tsogolo, Atate wotchedwa Dmitry ananeneratu kugonjetsa Chitata Khan ndi kubwerera bwinobwino kunyumba ndi ulemerero mpulumutsi. Ngakhale ndiye, pamene Grand Duke anaona ambirimbiri asilikali a adani, palibe mmenemo kunjenjemera. Iye ankadziwa chigonjetso m'tsogolo, zimene walankhula modzitama M'busa Sergio.

Agulupa ya St.

Sergiya Radonezhskogo Chaka yokondwerera 2014. Makamaka zikondwerero chachikulu pa chochitika ichi, tiyenera kuyembekezera kuti othandiza mipingo ndi mchitidwe umenewu. Kuwonjezera pa Utatu-Sergio Lavra, St. anamangidwira mchitidwe umenewu zotsatirazi:

• Annunciation mu Kirzhach ndi Vladimir Region;

• Vysotsky amonke Serpukhov;

• Old-Golutvin pafupi ndi tauni ya Kolomna m'dera Moscow;

• George ansembe yotchedwa pa Klyazma Mtsinje.

Mu zonse mchitidwe izi abbots anakhala ophunzira a St. Sergio bambo. Nawonso otsatira ziphunzitso zake anakhazikitsidwa oposa 40 mchitidwe umenewu.

zozizwitsa

Moyo Sergiya Radonezhskogo, lolembedwa ndi wophunzira ake Epiphanius Wanzeru zakuya, limatiuza kuti nthawi wake rector Utatu-Sergio Lavra anachita zozizwitsa zambiri. zochitika zachilendo anatsagana ndi woyera pa moyo wake. Woyamba anali zokhudza kubadwa kwake kozizwitsa. Nkhani wanzeru za mmene mwanayo m'mimba mwa Mariya, amake a oyera, pa mapemphero m'kachisi anafuula katatu. Ndipo anamva anthu onse amene ali momwemo. Chozizwa chachiwiri - mnyamatayo Bartholomew kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Pa ankakambirana mwatsatanetsatane pamwamba. N'komwe chotero diva, kugwirizana ndi moyo wa woyera: kuuka kwa mapemphero mnyamata wa Atate Sergio. munthu wolungama amene ankakhulupirira kwambiri woyera ankakhala pafupi obisika a. Only mwana wake, mnyamata zazing'ono anali mnzake akudwala. The bambo anabweretsa mwana mu mikono yake mu malo woyera kuti Sergio, anapempha kuchira. Koma mnyamatayo anamwalira pamene bambo ake anapanga Popempha abbot lapansi. Sakutonthozeka bambo anapita kukonzekera bokosi, kuziyika izo mu thupi mwa mwana wake. woyera A Sergio anayamba kupemphera mwakhama. Ndipo chozizwitsa chinachitika: mwadzidzidzi mwanayo anakhala ndi moyo. Pamene chisoni anapha bambo ake adapeza mwana moyo, iye anagwa pa mapazi a Chimonko, ndi kupereka matamando. Ndipo abbot anamuuza kuti kuuka kwa maondo ake, kuti palibe chozizwitsa pano: Mnyamata anali ozizira ndi ofooka, pamene bambo ake anamunyamula iye ansembe, ndi khungu ofunda kutenthetsa ndi n'kuyamba. Koma mwamunayo sanali mtima. Iye anayamba kukhulupirira kuti St. Sergio anaulula chozizwitsa. Masiku ano pali zambiri okayikira amene amakayikira mmonke pirengo. kutanthauzira kwawo zimadalira malo maganizo a wotanthauzira. Zikuoneka kuti munthu kutali ndi chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu, akapanda kuganizira mfundo zimenezi za zozizwitsa wa woyera, awapeza ndi osiyana, kumufotokozera zomveka. Koma ambiri ofotokozera okhulupirika a moyo ndi zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi Sergio, ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera wauzimu. Mwachitsanzo, atsogoleri a chipembedzowo ambiri akupemphera kwa ana awo kumvetsa kalata, anamasulira bwinobwino Mwapambana mayeso pakhomo. Ndipotu mnyamata Bartholomew, tsogolo woyera Sergio, poyamba komanso sanathe kugonjetsa ngakhale ndizosowa kuphunzira. Only kwakukulu kupemphera kwa Mulungu anatsogolera chakuti chozizwitsa chinachitika pamene mnyamata aphunzira kuwerenga ndi njira yodabwitsa.

Ukalamba ndi Smer mmonke

Moyo wa Sergiya Radonezhskogo akupereka ft kochuruka kwa wotumikira Mulungu ndi Lathu kwa ife. Amadziwika kuti ndi wokalamba. Pamene anagona mwakayakaya, kuyembekeza kuti posachedwapa adzakhala pa chiweruzo cha Mulungu, nthawi yotsiriza anaitana abale ake malangizo. ophunzira ake anaitana pamwamba pa zonse "ndi kuopa Mulungu" ndi kupereka anthu "chiyero cha moyo ndi chikondi chosanyenga." Abbot anafa September 25, 1392. Iye anaikidwa pa Woyera Utatu Cathedral.

kulambira mmonke

Palibe umboni kolembedwa kuti pamene ndipo zinthu zinali, anthu anayamba kuona mmene Sergio. Akatswiri ena timakonda kukhulupirira kuti rector Woyera Utatu ansembe yotchedwa anali canonized mu zaka 1449-1450. Kenako mu kulemba Metropolitan Yona wotchedwa Dmitry Shemyaka Kanyaniko wa Mpingo Russian adzaitana M'busa Sergio, m'kagulu kwa Priory, ndi woyera. Koma pali Mabaibulo ena a canonization wake. Tsiku Sergiya Radonezhskogo chikondwerero 5 (18) a July. Pa tsikulo, amene amatchulidwa mu zolemba za Pahomiya Logofeta. M'bukuli iye limafotokoza nkhani ya tsiku limenelo anapezeka zotsalira za oyera kwambiri. Mu mbiri yonse ya Utatu Cathedral, kachisi uyu anasiya makoma okha nkhani ya chiopsezo chodetsa nkhawa kuchokera kunja. Choncho, moto ziwiri zimene zinachitika mu 1709 ndi 1746, chifukwa kuchotsa zotsalira za woyera wa agulupa lapansi. Asilikali Russian kumanzere likulu pa nthawi ya French kuwukira kutsogoleredwa ndi Napoleon, zotsalira za St. Sergio anatengedwa ku St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika. Mu 1919, kulibe Mulungu okonda boma la USSR inaika lamulo pa kutsegula kwa zotsalira za woyera mtima. Pambuyo si zokondweretsa Mulungu chaonekera, zotsalira anatitumiza Sergievskaya zakale ndi Art Museum monga chionetsero ndi. Panopa, zotsalira za oyera zimasungidwa mu Woyera Utatu Cathedral. Pali ena kukumbukira tsiku abbot ake. September 25 (October 8), - tsiku la Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Izi ndi tsiku wogoneka wake. Komanso azikumbukira Sergio 6 (19), pamene oyera mtima ali Chimonko titchuke cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra.

Akachisi polemekeza St.

Mmodzi wa oyera kwambiri amazilambira Russia kuyambira akale ankaona Sergiy Radonezhsky. yonena lake lili ndi mfundo utumiki chosadzikonda kwa Mulungu. Iye anadzipereka akachisi ambiri. Mu Moscow yekha, alipo 67. Ena mwa iwo ndi Mpingo wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh mu Bibirevo, Cathedral Sergiya Radonezhskogo mu Vysokopetrovsky obisika mpingo Sergiya Radonezhskogo mu Wren ndi ena. Ambiri a iwo chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa zaka XVII-XVIII. Pali mipingo yambiri aang'ono m'madera osiyanasiyana dziko lathu: Vladimir, Tula, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Smolensk ndi zina zotero. Pali kunja obisika ndi opatulika, anakhazikitsidwa mu ulemu wa woyera. Pakati pawo mpingo wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh mu Johannesburg ku South Africa ndi ansembe yotchedwa Sergiya Radonezhskogo mu Rumija mu Montenegro.

zithunzi mmonke

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira zithunzi ambiri analengedwa mu ulemu wa woyera. The wamkulu wa fano lake - ndi chophimba yopeta, anapanga m'zaka za m'ma XV. Tsopano iye ali mu sacristy cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ntchito Andreya Rubleva - "Icon wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh", limene lili masitampu 17 Moyo wa woyera. Analemba zokhudza yogwirizana ndi rector Woyera Utatu ansembe yotchedwa si zithunzi komanso zithunzi. Mwa ojambula zithunzi Soviet pano amatha kusiyanitsa M. V. Nesterova. Kudziwika ntchito yake: "Zokambirana za Sergiya Radonezhskogo", "Youth wa St. Sergio," "Masomphenya a Young Bartholomew".

Sergiy Radonezhsky. Mwachidule yonena za iye mungalephere kuti udziwe momwe zapadera munthu wake, mmene anachitira kwawo. Choncho, ife lolunjika pa miyoyo ya oyera, lofotokoza zinthu zimene atengedwa makamaka ntchito mwa wophunzira wake Epiphanius Ngwanzeru zakuya.