Kwakusiyana injini: opareshoni (mwachidule). Mfundo ntchito ya ndege kwakusiyana injini

Pansi zotakasika kumvetsa gulu limene thupi anapambulwa pa liwiro ena mmodzi wa ziwalo. Chifukwa ngati njira ndi mphamvu kuchita yake. M'mawu ena, si ngakhale kukhudzana pang'ono ndi matupi awo.

Kwakusiyana zosagwiritsa m'chilengedwe

M'nthawi ya chilimwe tchuthi kum'mwera kwa pafupifupi aliyense wa ife, kusambira mu nyanja, anakomana ndi modabwitsa. Koma Ambiri a ife kudziwa kuti nyama imakhudzidwa monga injini ndege. Mfundo ntchito pa chikhalidwe cha makina Tingaone kupita mitundu ina zomera zam'madzi ndi mphutsi za dragonflies. Komanso, dzuwa la invertebrates izi nthawi zambiri kuposa hardware lapansi.

Amene aliyense akhoza akusonyeza mmene kwakusiyana injini mfundo ntchito? Nyamayi, nyamayi ndi cuttlefish. A gulu ofanana akupita ndi nkhono zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, cuttlefish. Iwo zimatenga madzi gill M'mimbamo awo ndi mwamphamvu amaponyera izo kupyolera nyuzi kuti potsogolera chammbuyo kapena chammbali. Pankhaniyi, nsombayi akhoza kayendedwe m'njira yoyenera.

Mfundo ntchito injini ndege zingaoneke pamene kusuntha Salsa. Nyama zam'madzi amalandira madzi mu M'mimbamo lonse. Pambuyo pake, wake mgwirizano thupi minofu, akukankha madzi mwa dzenje ili pa kumbuyo. Anachita ndege chifukwa amapereka mafuta patsogolo.

nyanja chida

Koma angwiro kwambiri navigation ndi zotakasika anafika koma nyamayi. Ngakhale mawonekedwe a zida, zikuoneka liwonerere ndendende ndi moyo uno m'madzi. Pamene kusuntha pa liwiro nyamayi otsika nthawi anaŵerama diamondi wake chipsyepsye. Koma kwa kuponya mwamsanga ali ndi ntchito zake "kwakusiyana injini". Mfundo zikugwira ntchito za thupi lake lonse ndi thupi pa nthawi yomweyo ndi bwino kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane.

Tili ngati chovala nyamayi. Izi minofu minofu lozungulira thupi lake kuchokera kumbali zonse. Pa kayendedwe ka nyama mawere mu chovala cha buku madzi ambirimbiri kwambiri kuponya mtsinje kudzera wapadera yopapatiza nozzle. Zimene kulola kusuntha nyamayi amakankhira kumbuyo imathamanga mpaka makilomita makumi asanu ndi awiri pa ora. Pa kayendedwe ka nyama kusonkhana mtolo zonse tentacles ake khumi kuti amapereka thupi mawonekedwe streamlined. The nozzle ali vavu wapadera. Chinyama akutembenukira wake ntchito contractions minofu. Zimenezi zimathandiza moyo m'nyanja kusintha malangizo. Udindo wa chiwongolero pa nyama gulu kusewera ndi tentacles. Limalangiza iwo lamanzere kapena lamanja, kapena pansi mosavuta kuchizemba kugunda ndi mavuto.

Pali mtundu wa nyama (stenotevtis), amene ali ndi mutu wa woyendetsa wabwino mollusks lapansi. Fotokozani mfundo za machitidwe a injini ndege - ndi inu mumvetsa chifukwa, kuthamangitsa nsomba, nyama zina kudumpha kuchokera mmadzi, kubwezera pa adzikometsa a zombo akupita kuwoloka nyanja. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Kalmar woyendetsa pamene zinthu madzi, akufotokozera pazipita makokedwe anachita dzanja iye. Zimenezi zimathandiza iye kuuluka pamwamba pa madzi pa mtunda wa mamita makumi asanu.

Ngati tikambirana injini ndege, mfundo ya machitidwe a nyama akhoza kutchulidwa panobe? Izi, pa Koyamba, baggy nyamayi. Osambira si mofulumira ngati nyama, koma mu nkhani ya ngozi liwiro awo akhoza nsanje ngakhale sprinters bwino. Akatswiri amene afufuza kusamuka nyamayi, anapeza kuti iwo kusuntha ngati wina amene ali kwakusiyana injini mfundo.

Animal ndi aliyense ndege ya madzi n'kuthamangitsidwa Chigwa, kupanga yojambula pa mamita awiri kapena awiri ndi hafu. Pankhaniyi, akuyandama nyamayi achilendo - chammbuyo.

Zitsanzo zina za ndege Kanyama

Ali maroketi yake ndi zomera mu dziko. Mfundo injini ndege zingaoneke pamene ngakhale kukhudza Kuunika "squirting nkhaka" liwilo kha pa phesi, nthawi yomweyo kukana madzi mamina ndi mbewu. Choncho yokha zipatso ntchentche pa patali ndithu (mpaka 12 m) zosiyana.

Mfundo ntchito injini ndege akhoza ankaziona pamene pa bwato. Ngati madzi mu njira ina pogenda lolemera, lidzachokadi zosiyana. Yemweyo ali chida ndege mfundo. Only pali miyala ntchito mpweya. Kulenga mphamvu anachita kupereka kayendedwe mu mlengalenga ndi danga akatulutsidwa.

ulendo wosangalatsa

About malo ndege anthu walota kwa nthawi yaitali. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi ntchito za olemba zopeka sayansi, amene Mwaichi amapereka zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, ngwazi za nkhani ya French wolemba Hercule Savinien Cyrano de A Bergerac anafika mwezi pa njanji ophimba, limene nthawi zonse chitaya maginito amphamvu. Isanafike dziko lomweli ndipo ali otchuka Munchausen. Kupanga ulendo anathandiza chimphona nyemba phesi.

Kwakusiyana zosagwiritsa lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito China choyamba Zakachikwi BC. mivi achilendo zosangalatsa Motero chinalipo machubu nsungwi, amene anadzazidwa ndi ufa. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, asilikali a galimoto yoyamba pa dziko pokhazikitsa Newton, analinso ndi injini ndege.

History of Rd ndi

Koma m'zaka za m'ma 19. maloto a anthu a chilengedwe anayamba kufunafuna zinthu zenizeni. Ndi m'zaka za m'ma Russian chosintha N. I. Kibalchichem ntchito yoyamba padziko lonse linalengedwa ndi ndege injini ndege. Zonse pepala Narodnaya Volya analemba m'ndende, pamene iye anali pambuyo kuphedwa kwa Alexander. Koma, mwatsoka, ndi 04/03/1881 Kibalchich anaphedwa, ndipo lingaliro lake linali losapindulitsa chimake.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20. lingaliro la ntchito maroketi mishoni danga akufuna Russian wasayansi K. E. Tsiolkovsky. Choyamba wake kulongosola ntchito kupanga thupi zoyenda variable misa mu mawonekedwe a maikwezhoni masamu, linasindikizidwa mu 1903 Mu inakulitsidwa chiwembu yokha wasayansi injini ndege zosagwiritsa ndi mafuta madzi.

Tsiolkovsky komanso kupangidwa multistage roketi ndipo akufuna lingaliro kulenga otsika-Earth kanjira danga la mzinda uwu. Tsiolkovsky anasonyeza momveka kuti njira yokha mishoni danga Roketi. Ie wagawo okonzeka ndege, refillable mafuta ndi oxidizer. Only mzinga ngati angathe kugonjetsa mphamvu yokoka ndi kuuluka kupitirira m'mlengalenga.

danga Exploration

Nkhani Tsiolkovsky lofalitsidwa mu magaziniyo "Scientific Review", kulandila mbiri wasayansi ndi wolota. mfundo zake palibe amene anatenga kwambiri.

lingaliro Tsiolkovsky a zagwiridwa ndi asayansi Soviet. Kutsogoleredwa ndi Sergeem Pavlovichem Korolevym, iwo anapezerapo woyamba yokumba Earth Kanema. October 4, 1957, gulu ili amasulidwa kulowa kanjira Roketi ndi injini ndege. Ntchito Rd chifukwa cha kutembenuka mphamvu mankhwala, amene anadutsa mtsinje wa mpweya mafuta, osatembenukira ku mphamvu kayendedwe. Pankhaniyi chida likuyenda motsogozedwa iwowo.

Kwakusiyana injini, mfundo ya omwe ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, amaona tanthauzo lake osati malo komanso mu ndege. Koma nthawi zambiri ntchito kukhazikitsa maroketi. Pakuti Rd yekha akhoza kusuntha chipangizo mu mlengalenga, zomwe adzasowe sing'anga iliyonse.

Phula injini kwakusiyana

Aliyense anawomberedwa ku firearm kapena kungoti anaonerera ndondomeko kuchokera kunja, tikudziwa kuti pali mphamvu ndithu tisiye thunthu kumbuyo. Komanso, ndithu zambiri kubwerera mlandu ukuwonjezeka. ntchito chabe ndi injini ndege. mfundo zake ntchito ndi ofanana bwanji kumbuyo thunthu repulsion amapezeka pansi kanthu la ndege mpweya wotentha.

Mokhudzana ndi chida, ndiye pokonza, imene poyatsira wa osakaniza zachitika, pang'onopang'ono komanso mosalekeza. Izi ndi zophweka kwambiri, olimba-chopopera galimoto. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti onse roketi chitsanzo.

Mu injini madzi ndege (LRE) kupanga sing'anga ntchito kapena cholinga cha ndege ya osakaniza ongokhala mafuta ndi oxidant. Otsiriza, ambiri olankhula nitric asidi kapena mpweya madzi. The mafuta mu injini roketi ndi palafini.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito kwa injini ndege kuti wakhala zitsanzo za kusungidwa mpaka nthawi ino. Only tsopano, madzi a hydrogen ntchito m'menemo. Mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chinthu yeniyeni mopupuluma kwambiri chifukwa poyerekeza ndi expander woyamba pomwepo ndi 30%. M'pofunikanso kuti lingaliro la ntchito haidrojeni wakhala akufuna ndi Tsiolkovsky. Komabe, alipo pa nthawi imeneyo, mavuto a ntchito ndi mankhwala kwambiri zachiwawa chabe yosalephera.

mfundo ntchito ya injini ndege ndi chiyani? The mafuta ndi oxidant kulowa m'chipinda ntchito ku akasinja osiyana. Komanso pali kutembenuka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu mu kusakaniza. Moto umenewo unyeketsa, pamene kugogomeza zedi kutentha opanikizika mu makumi a atmospheres.

The zigawo zikuluzikulu za chipinda cha ntchito ya injini ndege kubwera mu njira zosiyanasiyana. The oxidant umayamba pano mwachindunji. Koma mafuta akapitirira njira yaitali pakati pa chipinda ndi makoma nozzle. Apo izo heats ndi kale kukhala kutentha kwambiri, iwo aponyedwa zone kuyaka kudzera nozzles ambiri. Komanso, ndege popangidwa ndi nozzle ndi kunja ndipo amaona ndegeyo akukamba Kankhani mfundo. Umo ndi momwe inu mungadziwire ndilo mfundo za ntchito kwakusiyana injini (mwachidule). Mu kulongosola silitchula zambiri zigawo zikuluzikulu, popanda zomwe LRE n'zosatheka kugwira ntchito. Pakati compressors awa inafunika polenga kuthamanga anafuna vavu jekeseni, mwa kundipatsako kwa chopangira mphamvu ndi T. D.

ntchito masiku ano

Ngakhale kuti ntchito ya injini ndege amafunika mafuta roketi injini akupitiriza kutumikira anthu a lero. Iwo ntchito monga waukulu zosagwiritsa roketi Motors, komanso shunting spacecraft ndi malo okwerera osiyana. ndegeyo komanso ntchito zina taxiways, amene ntchito yosiyana ndi mamangidwe.

Kukula kwa ndege

Chiyambireni cha m'ma 20, ndi nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko II World, anthu anali akuwuluka okha ndege tinakwera. zipangizozi akhala okonzeka ndi injini kuyaka mkati. Komabe, patsogolo osati chilili. Ndi chitukuko kunkafunika kulenga wamphamvu ndi ndege yachangu. Komabe, anthu opanga ndege akukumana ndi vuto looneka n'ngosathetseka. mfundo ndi yakuti ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono mphamvu injini ali kwambiri kuchuluka ndege kulemera. Komabe, njira yotulukira anapezeka ndi England Frank Will. Iye anali ndi injini latsopano, wotchedwa zotakasika. Kutulukira Izi anapereka kutsogolera amphamvu chitukuko cha ndege.

Mfundo ntchito ya ndege kwakusiyana injini ndi ofanana ndi zochita za munthu payipi moto. payipi wake ali kumapeto kuchepera. Likuyenderera mu kutsegula yopapatiza, madzi mmene kumawonjezera mathamangidwe ake. Analengedwa ndi mphamvu ya kuthamanga kumbuyo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti moto ankadabwa kugwira mu manja a payipi ya. Choncho khalidwe la madzi singalifotokoze Ndipotu, kodi mfundo za injini ndege.

ramjet Rd

Mtundu wa injini ndege ndi yophweka. Nsembeyi akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a chitoliro ndi malekezero lotseguka, amene wokwera pa ndege ikuyenda. Mu gawo kutsogolo kwa gawo mtanda wake zambiri. Kudzera nyumba imeneyi, mpweya umene ukubwera kumachepetsa liwiro lake, ndi kuthamanga ukuwonjezeka. Mbali linafalitsidwa kwambiri umenewu chitoliro ndi chipinda kuyaka. Pali amapezeka jekeseni wa mafuta ndi kuyaka wake wotsatira. Chotero Kutentha ndondomeko amathandizanso mipweya zinapangidwa patsogolo amphamvu. Choncho pali kwakusiyana injini adaponya. zipatso zake zonse mpweya chimodzimodzi, pamene anakoka ndi mphamvu outwards ku mapeto yopapatiza a chubu. Ndi kulakalaka izi ndipo zimapangitsa ndege ntchentche.

ntchito mavuto

injini Ramjet ndi zina zovuta. Iwo amatha ndizigwira ndege, amene akutero. The ndege, amene ali mu mkhalidwe zina, In-Line Rd actuate sindingakhoze. Pofuna kunyamula mu mlengalenga ndege amafunika ina sitata galimoto.

Polankhula

Mfundo ntchito ndege injini mtundu turbojet ndege, umene uli wopanda kuipa wa nkhosa Rd, kulola anthu opanga ndege kulenga ndege zotsogola. Kodi chidali chifuniro cha ichi?

The mbali yaikulu inali mu injini turbojet, - ndi chopangira mphamvu mpweya. Mothandizidwa ndi lotengeka mpweya kompresa, kudutsa amene wothinikizidwa mpweya imatsogoleredwa mu chipinda chapadera. The kuyaka chifukwa cha mafuta (amangoona ndi palafini) mankhwala kugwa pa masamba chopangira mphamvu kuposa kulitsogolera kanthu. Kenako, otaya mpweya mpweya akudutsa mu nozzle, amene Iyamba kuti velocities mkulu ndi kutitengera lalikuru zotakasika mphamvu ya cholinga.

kuchuluka mphamvu

Zotakasika samatha kuwonjezera kwambiri mu nthawi yochepa. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi afterburning. Ndi jekeseni mafuta owonjezera mu mpweya mtsinje akuthawira chopangira mphamvu ya. The mpweya makuponi mu chopangira mphamvu ya kumathandiza kuti kuyaka kwa palafini, amene kumawonjezera yaikulu ya injini. Imathamanga apamwamba izo kumawonjezera kufunika kwake kufika pa 70%, pamene yaing'ono - 25-30%.