Current, ya magetsi mu vacuo

Magetsi inawadutsa - analamula zoyenda electrocharge. Iwo akhoza kuwapeza Mwachitsanzo, mu wochititsa kuti zikugwirizana ndi mlandu uncharged thupi. Komabe, panopa uku kuthe mwamsanga kusiyana angathe matupi awa adzakhala ziro. Analamulidwa zoyenda wa mtengo (magetsi inawadutsa) zidzakhalire ndi wochititsa polumikiza mbale wa capacitor mlandu. Pankhaniyi, panopa limodzi ndi neutralizing milandu wokhala mbale wa capacitor, ndipo akupitiriza mpaka kusiyana angathe mbale capacitor sudzakhala ziro.

Zitsanzo zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti magetsi mu wochititsa kumachitika kokha pamaso wa malekezero a ochititsa wa Zoyenereza osiyana, mwachitsanzo. E. Pamene ali kumunda magetsi.

Koma panopa akhoza suona kuti akhale zitsanzo yaitali, kuyambira pa kayendedwe ka mtengo Zoyenereza matupi msanga limagwirizana ndi munda magetsi mu wochititsa ndi zidzathawa.

Choncho, kupeza panopa zofunikira kuthandiza malekezero a wochititsa pa Zoyenereza osiyana. Kuti izi zikhoza anasamutsa milandu kwa thupi limodzi kumbuyo wina pamodzi wochititsa, n'kupanga chatsekedwa dera kwa cholinga ichi. Komabe, mphamvu za m'munda magetsi zoterozo mlandu kutengerapo n'zosatheka, popeza angathe thupi chachiwiri ndi zosakwana mphamvu woyamba. Choncho, kulanda ndi Zimatheka magwero a mphamvu si magetsi. Pamaso pa magulu awa amapereka gwero panopa m'gulu dera la.

Magulu zinthu gwero panopa, kuyang'anira ndi kunditumiza ku thupi ndi apansi kuthekera kwa thupi ndi mphamvu zazikulu ndi kuchita ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo. Choncho, mphamvu gwero uyenera kukhala mphamvu.

magwero Current ndi makina magetsi, maselo galvanic, mabatire, magudumu ndi zina zotero D..

Choncho, zinthu zofunikira kwa mawu magetsi: pamaso pa gwero panopa ndi dera chatsekedwa.

otaya Current mu dera la legkonablyudaemyh limodzi ndi zingapo zodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ena zakumwa pamene tikudutsa iwo anati panopa kumasulidwa ndi zinthu pa maelekitirodi ndi adatchithisira mu madzi. Current mu mpweya kawirikawiri limodzi ndi mpweya losonyeza, etc. magetsi mu mpweya zingalowe anaphunzira kwambiri French wasayansi masamu - .. Andre Marie Ampere, chifukwa imene ife tikudziwa tsopano chikhalidwe cha zinthu zimenezi.

Monga amadziwika, zingalowe - .. Wangwiro insulator, mwachitsanzo, malo omwe mpweya ndi kutopa.

Koma n'zotheka alandire magetsi mu zingalowe, chifukwa cha umene m'pofunika kuwonjezera mlandu zonyamulira.

Tengani chidebe kumene mlengalenga amawapopa kunja. Kuti chotengera ichi ndi soldered kuti zitsulo mbale awiri - maelekitirodi awiri. Mmodzi A (anode) chikugwirizana ndi gwero zabwino panopa, ena K (cathode) - negative. The voteji pakati pa cathode ndi anode yokwanira ntchito 80 - 100 V.

Zina mu dera tcheru milliammeter. Chipangizo sakusonyeza panopa; amasonyeza kuti magetsi kulibe mu vacuo.

Bongo zinachitikira. Monga waya cathode ali soldered kuti chotengeracho - timafupa anachokera ku nsonga kunja. ulusi Izi kukhala cathode. Pogwiritsa ntchito gwero lina panopa losonyeza izo. Tikuona kuti kamodzi ulusi ndi mkangano, chipangizo m'gulu unyolo amaonetsa magetsi mu vacuo, ndipo zikuluzikulu, m'pamenenso yomangika ulusi. Choncho, pa Kutentha ulusi amaonetsetsa kuti particles mlandu zingalowe, ndi gwero awo.

Monga adawalamulira, particles izi? Yankho la funso limeneli kukhala zinachitikira. mizati zosintha kuti soldered kwa elekitirodi chotengera - ulusi azitentha anode ndi mzati zosiyana - ndi cathode. Ngakhale ulusi yomangika ndipo amatumiza particles mlandu zingalowe ndi, palibe panopa.

Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti particles ndi zoipa mlandu chifukwa iwo amaipidwa ku elekitirodi A pamene zoipa mlandu.

ndi particles zimenezi?

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha elekitironi, free ma elekitironi mu zitsulo ndi zoyenda wachisokonezo. Pamene kutentha kwa kayendedwe filament ndi nakweza. Komabe, ena ma elekitironi kupeza mphamvu, amene ali wokwanira kuti linanena bungwe, panamveka ku filament pachilengedwe mozungulira icho "pakompyuta mtambo". Pamene pakati pa filament ndi anode, minda ya magetsi, ndi ma elekitironi kuuluka kwa elekitirodi A, ngati chikugwirizana ndi mzati zabwino batire, ndipo amaipidwa ku filament pamene chikugwirizana ndi mzati zoipa, T. E. Ali ndi kuyang'anira dzina chomwecho ndi ma elekitironi.

Choncho, magetsi mu yosesa - ndi anatsogoleredwa otaya ma elekitironi.