The cathode ndi anode - mgwirizano ndi kulimba kwa zotsutsana

The cathode ndi anode - zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri za ndondomeko: otaya magetsi. zipangizo zonse zikhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri - ndi ochititsa, dongosolo imene owonjezera lalikulu la ma elekitironi ufulu ndi dielectrics (imene ma elekitironi ufulu pang'ono).

Lingaliro la magetsi

Magetsi inawadutsa - ndicho gulu mwadongosolo. mlandu tinthu zinthu mu dongosolo la mchikakamizo cha nkhawa mu atomu. Ngati ntchito kwa DC voteji wochititsa, ndi ma elekitironi ufulu ndi mtengo zoipa adzatero mwadongosolo Londolani anode (a ndithu mlandu elekitirodi) wa cathode (zoipa mlandu elekitirodi). Panopa mogwirizana idzayenda motsogozedwa iwowo. A cathode ndi anode - maelekitirodi awiri, pakati pa amene anapanga m'mphepete (kusiyana) pampanipani mu atomu.

Akuwauza ndi insulators

Akuwauza ndi insulators akhale olimba, madzi ndi zinthu gaseous. Ndi chifukwa otaya magetsi zilibe kanthu. Yaitali ntchito ya voteji mu atomu kwa zinthu zakuthupi cathode adzakhala anapanga ndi owonjezera ma elekitironi pa anode ndi - kusowa kwake. Ngati voteji umagwiritsidwa motalika kokwanira, kapangidwe ka zinthu komwe udayesedwa anode, ndi ma elekitironi angapewe olumikizidwa pamodzi ndi maatomu ndi zinthu akuyamba mankhwala anatani ndi zinthu mankhwala yogwira kwa chilengedwe. Zimenezi amatchedwa electrolysis.

electrolysis

The cathode ndi anode mu electrochemistry mitengo iwiri chagwiritsidwa njira saline kapena kusungunula wa nthawi zonse mu atomu voteji. Pamene owonjezera elekitironi panopa ku anode akuyamba kugwetsa, i.e., okha ndithu Maatomu mankhwala adzagwera brine (chilengedwe) ndipo umasamutsidwa ku cathode kumene gawo mu mawonekedwe woyeretsedwa. ndondomeko Ichi chikudziwika ngati electroplating. Kugwiritsa electroplating TACHIMATA ndi wosanjikiza woonda nthaka, mkuwa, golide, siliva ndi miyala ina, mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Kodi cathode, ndipo kodi ntchito kuti amachita electrolysis? Izi akhoza kumva pamene zochita izi: ngati inu kupanga anode anapanga zamkuwa kapena malata, ndiyeno nkutembenuka kuchokera cathode gulu dera, ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza woonda malata kapena mkuwa (ntchito makampani zamagetsi). Mwa njira yomweyo, zodzikongoletsera zagolide-yokutidwa, mkuwa atavala zotayidwa ndi ngakhale golidi yokutidwa malo kwa zomangamanga magetsi kuti kusintha madutsidwe magetsi.

Mayankho a kodi anode ndi cathode pa electrolysis ndi zoonekeratu kuti: anode chifukwa cha otaya wa panopa mwachindunji kupyolera brine ndi kuwonongedwa, ndi cathode amalandira chuma anode. Ngakhale mawu amenewa unachokera mu electroplating sing'anga - "anodizing ndi cathode". tanthauzo thupi silingathe ukachitikire, koma chofunika lenileni la funso amasonyeza ndendende.

semiconductors

Semiconductors ndi zipangizo zimene alibe Kapangidwe ka ma elekitironi ufulu ndi atomiki kusungidwa malo awo oipa. Ngati nkhaniyo ali mu mkhalidwe madzi kapena gaseous anaika m'munda maginito, ndiyeno ziperekeni izo anaumitsa, ndiyeno nkutembenuka electrically zosanjidwa michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, umene umatenga masiku ano njira imodzi yokha. Kuyambira nkhaniyi, pogwiritsa ntchito tatchulawa katundu, kupanga diodes. Iwo ali a mitundu iwiri:

a) «pnp» madutsidwe;

b) ndi «npn» madutsidwe.

Zochita za fineness dongosolo diode sikuthandiza. Nkofunika kulumikiza bwino kwa diode magetsi dera. Kodi anode, kumene cathode - funso limene anthu ambiri. The diode ali ndi kalembedwe lapadera: kapena A ndipo K, kapena + ndi -. N'zotheka kugwirizana diode m'njira ziwiri zokha kuti DC circuitry. Ngati munthu, ndi diode wabwino azichititsa panopa, ndi zina - sadzatero. Choncho, muyenera kutenga chipangizo, amene mwachionekere kudziwa kumene cathode ndi anode kumene, ndi kugwirizana kuti diode lapansi. Ngati chipangizo limasonyeza kukhalapo panopa, diode ndi chikugwirizana bwino. Choncho, chipangizo ndi cathode wa diode cathode ndi anode chipangizo ndi anode wa diode ndi limagwirizana. Apo ayi, muyenera kusintha mfundo kulumikiza.

1. Ngati diode sikuti kudali masiku ano malangizo onse, ndi kuwotchedwa, izo sizingakhoze kukonzedwa.

2. Ngati M'malo mwake, Reeves, iye anakhomerera. Izo ziyenera kuchotsedwa.

Kufufuzidwa diodes testers ndi samplers. Mu diode cathode ndi anode ali sankalimbana nafe Ufumuyo kuphedwa awo pa zinthu mosiyana magwero galvanic mphamvu (mabatire, mabatire ndi zina zotero. P.).

Cathode zinthu zimene michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi (diodes) ndi magetsi dera elekitirodi (mwendo), kumene zabwino (+) kuthekera. Kudzera dera izo chikugwirizana ndi zoipa magetsi angathe. Choncho, pano mu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi diode mwachindunji ukuyenda mwa malangizo ochokera ku anode kuti cathode lapansi. Pa madera magetsi kuti pokonza yophiphiritsira ndipo anasonyeza.

Ngati mwendo umodzi wa diode (elekitirodi) olumikizidwa kwa alternating voteji, ndi elekitirodi chachiwiri, ife kupeza zabwino kapena zoipa theka sine zimachitika. Ngati inu kulumikiza diodes awiri mlatho, tidzakhala kusunga kudzatha magetsi inawadutsa ndi zayamba zonse.

magwero Galvanic DC - batire (batire)

The cathode ndi anode mankhwala awa adzagonjetsa malinga ndi malangizo a magetsi, chifukwa pa nkhani amodzi kwa iwo voteji akubwera, ndipo iwo chifukwa zochita mankhwala ali magwero a DC. Apa padzakhala zoipa elekitirodi mbale ndi zabwino - cathode. Mu mulandu wina, mu accumulator kumachitika ochiritsira electrolysis ndondomeko.

Pamene batire la akatulutsidwa ndi mankhwala anachita, amene anali ngati gwero la panopa magetsi anaima, ziyenera recharged ndi mphamvu anthu wamba. Choncho, ife kukulozani ndondomeko electrolysis, mwachitsanzo abwezeretse katundu yoyambirira ya batire galvanic. Batire cathode ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ali ndi mlandu oipa, ndi anode - ndi HIV, ndiye batire adzakhala recharged.

Choncho yankho la funso mmene kumasulila ndi cathode ndi anode mu selo galvanic, zimadalira adzapereke kapena ndi kasupe wa magetsi panopa.

Pomaliza

Monga chimangirizo takambiranazi, ndi cathode - ndi elekitirodi limene pali owonjezera ma elekitironi, ndi anode - ndi elekitirodi limene pali kuchepa kwa ma elekitironi. Koma kuphatikiza kapena opanda pa makamaka elekitirodi mchitidwe circuitry chimafotokozera za akulowera panopa.