Moyikirapo sulfuric asidi kupanga mafakitale

Zipambano za makampani mankhwala dziko wamakono wa lero kulenga zinthu zatsopano ndi zipangizo, ntchito zosiyanasiyana mankhwala. Chitsanzo chimodzi akhoza anaikira chidulo cha safuriki, amene sizachilendo makampani mankhwala a.

chidulo cha safuriki ndi chilinganizo H2SO4, ndi madzi popanda mtundu Pancake kugwirizana, umene akafike 10,4 ° C ndi n'kukhala ndi thanthwe crystalline. Loyesayesa asidi sulfuric lili 96,4% SO4, ndi osalimba ake ndi mkulu nufikira 1,87 g / cm, chifukwa mu madzi okwanira 1 undiluted asidi sulfuric akulemera pafupi 2 kg. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ngati asidi uli kusungunuka mu madzi, kutentha zake ndithu kuchuluka, kuyambira zimene m'menemo wambirimbiri hydrates. katundu ameneyu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kuchuluka kutentha madzi osati zakumwa zina.

Loyesayesa asidi sulfuric amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa kukhetsa mipweya, popeza ali ndi mphamvu kuyamwa awiri zakumwa zosiyanasiyana. Chuma chomwecho chifukwa charring zinthu zina organic, makamaka chakudya, anakumana ndi chidulo. chakuti chakudya muli hydrogen ndi mpweya mu chiŵerengero mofanana H2SO4, chifukwa anakumana zinthu izi asidi sulfuric amatenga pa chakudya madzi, mpweya adzamasulidwa monga mpweya fumbi.

Kupanga horticultural feteleza anaikira sulfuric asidi, katundu mankhwala amene akuloleza ntchito yake bwino oxidizing wothandizira, nawonso ntchito aithamangitse zidulo ena oyaka ku salt lapansi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, n'zotheka kuti apange feteleza, monga superphosphate, sulphate ammonium ndi ena. Kudzera katundu zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni, izo ntchito kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa zitsulo onse aima mu mzere pamaso conjugation siliva Ponena, potero kupanga awiri mndandanda wa mchere - sulfates (sing'anga mtundu) ndi hydrosulfates (asidi mtundu) kupeza Ester.

Sulfuric asidi - madzi kwambiri caustic, amenenso ali nthunzi woopsawo. The pazipita chovomerezeka mlingo wa H2SO4 nthunzi ndende 1 mg / M3, limene anthu onse ogwira ntchito polimbana ndi chidulo cha safuriki, anapereka workwear ndi zodzitetezera. Anaikira chidulo cha safuriki, katundu mwa iwo ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu opanda chitetezo, ntchito pa mbali zotsatirazi:

- mafakitale kaphatikizidwe organic;

- Kupanga kupereka mankhwala;

- kuyeretsa katundu mafuta;

- chikopa ndi makampani zitsulo ntchito;

- kupanga utoto, mapulasitiki, detergents ndi zina zotero.

chidulo cha safuriki amapangidwa mu njira ziwiri mafakitale - ndi ntchito ya ojambula olimba (catalysts), ndi ntchito oxides wa asafe (nitrous njira). zipangizo zopangira nthawi zambiri amachita sulfure, koma kwa mitundu ina ya asidi sulfuric angagwiritsidwe ntchito zitsulo sulfides. M'mafakitale opangidwa kuikapo maganizo chidulo cha safuriki, mitundu zotsatirazi: luso, mafuta a vitriol, ukonde (batire), oleum (anhydride) ndi nsanja.

Pomaliza, tiyenera kamodzinso kutsindika kuti chidulo sulfuric ndi caustic poizoni 2 ngozi kalasi. Pamene jekeseni mu nthunzi amayaka inhalation asidi anapanga wa kapepalako chapamwamba kupuma, limodzi ndi chifuwa chiwawa, zomwe angathe kufika matenda, tracheitis , ndi laryngitis. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ntchito asidi sulfuric chidwi kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa digiri yapamwamba ya chitetezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito pa mavuto a madzi ndi efa zikuluzikulu za mankhwala.