Koh Robert: MBIRI. Genrih German Robert Koch - Nobel mu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa kapena Medicine

Genrih German Robert Koch - wotchuka German sing'anga ndi wasayansi, wopambana Nobel Prize ndipo anayambitsa bacteriology zamakono EPIDEMIOLOGY. Iye anali mmodzi wa asayansi ambiri otchuka wa mzaka zana makumi awiri osati Germany koma padziko lonse lapansi. A zambiri mwa zinthu polimbana ndi matenda convection kuti mpaka maphunziro ake anali osachiritsika, anakhala lakuthwa Kankhani mankhwala. Iye si kuphunzira M'dera lina la ukatswiri, sanaime pa kutulukira matenda limodzi. moyo wake wonse anawulula zinsinsi za matenda owopsa. Kudzera zimene anachita mwapulumutsidwa ndalama zosaneneka za miyoyo anthu, ichi ndi kuzindikira kwambiri chenicheni kwa wasayansi lapansi.

zikayenda Major

Herman Koch kulemberana makalata lina kwa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences ndi mabungwe ena ambiri. Mu Piggy banki cha maphunziro ake pali mabuku ambiri pa matenda opatsirana ndi kulimbana nawo. Iye anatsatira ndi kusanthula kugwirizana pakati pa matenda ndi tizilombo. Mmodzi wa atulukira chachikulu - wopeza nthumwi causative TB. Iye anali wasayansi woyamba amene anatha kuonetsa kupanga spores wa tizilombo ta matenda. Phunziro la matenda osiyanasiyana anafika wasayansi vsmirnuyu ulemerero. Mu 1905, German Koh analandira maulemu chifukwa chogwira ntchito zimene anachita. Komanso, mmodzi wa anthu oyamba mu zaumoyo German.

ubwana

Tsogolo la dziko wasayansi wotchuka anabadwa mu Clausthal-Zellerfeld mu 1843. Childhood mnyamata - wamng'ono zachilengedwe - zapita mosavuta ndi osasamala. makolo ake analibe kanthu kochita ndi sayansi, bambo wake ankagwira ntchito m'migodi, ndipo mayi ake anali kuona ana, amene anali khumi ndi zitatu, Koh Robert anali wachitatu. Iye anayamba m'banda kuti ndizikonda mu dziko kunja, agogo ake kale chidwi ndithu ali buoyed ndi amalume, komanso ndi chidwi ndi chilengedwe. Ngakhale ndili mwana, iye anaika pamodzi magulu tizilombo, ndere ndi lichens. Mu 1848 iye analembetsa m'sukulu. Mosiyana ndi ambiri mwa ana ankadziwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba, ankatha kwambiri. Posakhalitsa, iye anatha kupita ku sukulu, pamene iye anadzakhala wophunzira bwino.

yunivesite

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, wasayansi tsogolo analowa yapamwamba University of Göttingen, kumene anayamba kuphunzira sayansi, ndipo kenako anayamba kuphunzira mankhwala. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mayunivesite German, amene anali zikayenda wotchuka sayansi ophunzira. Mu 1866, Koh Robert analandira digiri zachipatala. A kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chidwi mankhwala ndi yunivesite kafukufuku aphunzitsi ankaimba Koch, kuyambira pa chiyambi anayesetsa kuphunzutsa luso maphunziro ophunzira kukonda osati mankhwala, komanso mu sayansi.

ntchito Early

Patangotha chaka, maphunziro, Koch wokwatira, anali ndi mwana wamkazi kwa ukwati. Mu nthawi oyambirira a ntchito yake, Koch ankafuna kukhala nkhondo kapena dokotala m'ngalawamo, koma kuti zimenezi sizinali kwa iye. Koch ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Rackwitz, kumene anayamba kugwira ntchito pa chipatala cha amisala. Wosasangalala chiyambi cha ntchito yabwino, koma iyo inali chabe poyambira Ndipotu kubadwa kwa wasayansi wamkulu. Ophunzira ndi yowala antchito ankakonda madokotala m'deralo. mofulumira kwambiri, zazing'ono ngati wothandizira, iye ali wodzidalira ndipo anakhala dokotala. Choncho ndinayamba ntchito yake, Robert Koch. Wambiri kuti iye anagwira ntchito zaka zitatu zokha kuyambira inayamba wa Franco-Prussian nkhondo, ndipo iye anali kupita kutsogolo monga dokotala kumunda.

nkhondo

Koh Robert kutsogolo anapita mwaufulu, Ngakhale maso mofulumira zofooketsa. Pa nkhondo iye anacititsa chochitika kwambiri za chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana. Iye anachiritsa anthu ambiri a kolera ndi typhoid, omwe anali ofala kwambiri panthawi ya nkhondo. Ali kumeneko pa Koch kutsogolo nayenso anaphunzira tizilomboto lalikulu ndi algae pansi maso, amene anali pa ntchito yofunika kwambiri iye mu micrographs ndi zochitika sayansi.

tizilombo ta matenda

Pambuyo demobilization, Koch ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Wohlstein (panopa Wolsztyn, Poland), komwe anagwira ntchito ukhondo yosavuta. Pambuyo mkazi wake anamupatsa maso pa kubadwa kwake, adapereka mchitidwe payekha ndi kugwiritsa fufuzani. nthawi zonse anakhala pa maso pa maola ambiri usana ndi usiku.

Posakhalitsa anaona kuti kwambiri nyama m'dera akudwala ndi tizilombo ta matenda. matenda makamaka umakhudza ng'ombe. anthu odwala amene ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo, lymph mfundo, ndi carbuncles. Pakuti zatsopano wake, Koch anaponya nambala yaikulu mbewa kuti tizilombo ta matenda anamuululira zobisika zawo. Pamene mphatso mkazi wake kuthandiza anatha kuonetsetsa Wand osiyana kuti kwasanduka mamiliyoni mtundu wawo.

kuphunzira timitengo

Kwa nthawi yaitali wasayansi sanasiye experimenting, iye anasonyeza kuti Bacillus ndi chifukwa chokhacho cha tizilombo ta matenda. komanso kusonyeza kuti kufalitsa matenda chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi mkombero moyo mabakiteriya ambiri. Ndi ntchito ya Koch anatsimikizira kuti tizilombo ta matenda chifukwa bakiteriya, pamaso pa chiyambi cha matenda ankadziwika ochepa kwambiri. Mu zaka 1877-1878 asayansi German - Robert Koch, mothandizidwa ndi anzake - nkhani zingapo zoyenera vutoli. Komanso, analemba nkhani zokhudza njira anagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ake zasayansi.

Chikadzangotha buku la ntchito zake Koch anakhala katswiri wotchuka m'chizimezime panali Prize Nobel mankhwala. Patapita zaka zingapo anafalitsa ntchito ina pa kulima tizilombo ting'onoting'ono TV olimba, anthu ayambe latsopano njira ndi yojambula zofunika kuphunzira dziko mabakiteriya.

Koch ndi Pasteur

Asayansi German kawirikawiri mpikisano, koma Germany, Koch sanali ofanana, Pasteur anali wanzeru French wasayansi, wasayansi, ndi Koch kuika ntchito yake mu funso. Koch ngakhale anamasulidwa ndemanga zake, ndi luso la kulankhula wotsutsa maphunziro Pasteur tizilombo ta matenda. Zaka zingapo mu mzere, asayansi sakanakhoza kufika vutoli, iwo Anapikisana onse payekha ndi ntchito yawo.

TB

Pambuyo maphunziro bwino chilondacho Siberia Koch anaganiza zoyamba kuphunzira TB. Icho chinali nkhani ofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ndiye nzika iliyonse chiwiri la Germany kufa kwa matenda. Asayansi, Nobel laureates, madokotala monga shrugged, kuganiza kuti chifuwa cha TB cholowa ndipo n'kosatheka kuti athane nalo. Chithandizo pa nthawi imeneyo inkakhala zolimbitsa thupi panja komanso kudya chakudya chabwino.

Phunziro TB

mwamsanga Koch akwaniritsa bwino zosaneneka mu phunziro TB. Iye anatenga kuchokera ku minofu akufa pochita kafukufuku, chimene chiri chokongola ndi yaitali kufufuza maso ndi kudziwa kodi chifukwa cha matenda. Posachedwapa iye anaona timitengo kuti anakumana nawo sing'anga chikhalidwe ndi nkhumba mbira. Mabakiteriya kuchulukitsa mofulumira ndi kupha chonyamulira. Zinali yojambula zosaneneka ku tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Mu 1882 Koch lofalitsidwa ntchito yake pa nkhani imeneyi. The Nobel Prize ukuyandikira.

Kuphunzira kolera

Koch sanathe kumaliza maphunziro awo mpaka kumapeto, pa malangizo a boma, iye anapita ku Iguputo ndi India kulimbana kolera. Pambuyo nthawi ina ya kafukufuku yaitali wasayansi kudziwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti matenda. atulukira chidwi inanyamula Koh Robert mwakhala yojambula weniweni mankhwala. Anaikidwa kukhala munthu woyang'anira, kupeza njira yochitira ndi matenda ena ambiri opatsirana.

Aphunzitsi ndi latsopano kafukufuku pa chifuwa chachikulu

Mu 1885 Koch anaikidwa pulofesa pa yunivesite ya Berlin. Komanso, anaikidwa Director wa Institute of matenda opatsirana. Atabwerera kunyumba kwa India, iye anayambiranso kuphunzira TB ndipo lakwaniritsa bwino ndithu. Patapita zaka zisanu, mu 1890, Koch analengeza kuti wapeza njira kuchiza matenda. Iye anatha kupeza mankhwala otchedwa tuberculin (TB Bacillus umabala izo), koma kupambana kwakukulu mankhwala sanam'bweretsere. Iye anapangitsa sayanjana ndi kusokoneza odwala. Ngakhale patapita kanthawi zinaonetsa kuti ndi ntchito tuberculin akhoza oterewa TB, zinali anapeza zofunika, zomwe imawunikidwa pa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi mankhwala. The Prize Nobel anali amaitcha kuti Koch mu 1905. M'mawu ake, wasayansi ananena kuti chimenechi njira choyamba, koma chofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi chifuwa chachikulu.

maulemu

The Nobel Prize sanali kupambana kokha wasayansi lapansi. Iye anali kupereka dongosolo la Inagwira, amene Chatuluka boma la Germany. Komanso, monga ena ambiri Nobel laureates, Koch analandira digiri aulemu, anali membala wa magulu ambiri sayansi. Chaka pamaso kulandira Nobel Prize Koch anasiya malo pa Institute of matenda opatsirana.

Mu 1893, Koch odukaduka ndi mkazi wake, ndipo kenako anakwatiwa ndi mnyamata wa zisudzo.

Mu 1906 iye anatsogolera kukaona ku Africa, umalimbana polimbana matenda kugona.

Iye anafa wasayansi wodziwika mu Baden-Baden mu 1910 ndi matenda a mtima.

Mmodzi wa zimaphala wakhala dzina lake polemekeza wake mu 1970.

zotsatira

Koch anali wasayansi weniweni, anakonda ntchito ndipo akuchita izo ngakhale kuti mavuto onse ndi zoopsa. Titamaliza mankhwala, anasamukira ku njira za kafukufuku wa matenda opatsirana, ndiponso, kuweruza ndi bwino chachikulu, iye anachita izo chifukwa. Ngati iye anali pachibwenzi kokha kuchita paokha, akanakhala konse anatha kutulukira zinthu zambiri ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo yosawerengeka. Izi ndi nkhani yonena lalikulu la munthu wamphamvu amene anaika moyo wake pa guwa la sayansi. Iye anakwanitsa kuchita sizingatheke kuti aliyense, ndipo kokha ntchito mwakhama ndi chikhulupiriro mu nzeru anamuthandiza mu njira yovuta, njira ya chidziwitso cha zinsinsi thupi.