Mpweya zoipitsa

Industrial ndi chuma chitukuko limodzi, monga ulamuliro, kuwonjezeka kuwonongeka kwa malo. Kwambiri m'mizinda ikuluikulu yodziwika ndi ndende kwambiri maofesi mafakitale pa gawo ochepa, amene ali oopsa kwa thanzi la munthu.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zachilengedwe amene amatha kwambiri kutchulidwa thanzi la munthu ndi khalidwe mpweya. Ngozi makamaka panopa akuimira mpweya zoipitsa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti toxicants kulowa m'thupi la munthu makamaka kudzera mundawo kupuma.

mpweya Air: magwero

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi anthropogenic wa zoipitsa kulowa mpweya. Zosafunika waukulu muli mpweya ku zinthu zachilengedwe ndi wakunja fumbi, mapiri masamba chiyambi, mpweya ndi utsi chifukwa nkhalango ndi moto steppe, zinyalala ndi weathering a miyala ndi dothi ndi zina zotero.

mpweya milingo ku zinthu zachilengedwe ndi khalidwe maziko. Ang'ono kusintha mokwanira ndi nthawi. Magwero chachikulu cha ndalama ku zoipitsa mpweya pa siteji yatsopano zopangidwa - ndicho makampani (mafakitale zosiyanasiyana), ulimi ndi zoyendera.

Mpweya wa mumlengalenga

Yaikulu "ogulitsa" wa zoipitsa osiyanasiyana mu mlengalenga ndi zitsulo ndi mphamvu makampani, makampani mankhwala, zomangamanga, makina zomangamanga.

Mu ndondomeko ya mafuta kuyaka mphamvu maofesi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa mlengalenga, wambirimbiri woipa sulfure, mpweya ndi asafe oxides, mpweya wakuda. Komanso, mpweya (zedi zing'onozing'ono) ungabweretse angapo zinthu zina, mu chimasanduka makamaka.

Magwero waukulu gaseous ndi mpweya particulate yopanga zitsulo -. Ankagawana ng'anjo kuponyera unsembe, pickling kulekana sinter makina zida drobilnorazmolnoe, potsegula ndi katundu zipangizo, etc. chiwerengero chachikulu cha kuchuluka okwana zinthu anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga ndi carbon monoxide, fumbi, anhydride sulfure, nitric okusayidi. Mu ndalama penapake wamng'ono ejected manganese, Arsenic, kutsogolera phosphorous, Mercury nthuzi ndi zina zotero. Komanso, mu ndondomeko ya mpweya steelmaking akupanga nthunzi mpweya osakaniza. Iwo ali phenol, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia ndi zinthu zina zingapo woopsawo.

mpweya zovulaza ku makampani makampani mankhwala, ngakhale mabuku ang'ono, ndi oopsa makamaka kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu, monga yodziwika ndi kawopsedwe mkulu, ndende ndi kuchuluka ndithu. Ukubwera mpweya osakaniza kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala akhoza wapangidwa oxides sulfure, oyaka organic mankhwala, mankhwala fluorine, mipweya nitrous, zolimba, mankhwala chlorinated, sulfide hydrogen ndi zina zotero.

Kupanga zomangira ndi mpweya simenti muli ndalama kwambiri fumbi zosiyanasiyana. Mfundo zikuluzikulu njira zamakono zikubweretsa mapangidwe awo, akupera, obrabatyvaniya kusakaniza zipangizo, intermediates ndi mankhwala mu otaya mpweya otentha ndi zina zotero. Padziko zomera kubala zosiyanasiyana zomanga akhoza kupangidwa zone kuipitsidwa utali wozungulira mpaka mamita 2000. Iwo yodziwika ndi mkulu wa ndende fumbi mumlengalenga, kupanga particles wa gypsum, simenti, khwatsi, komanso zoipitsa ena.

mpweya ku magalimoto

M'mizinda ikuluikulu, kuchuluka yaikulu zoipitsa mu mlengalenga amachokera magalimoto. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa cha 80 95%. Utsi mpweya zigwirizana ambiri mankhwala poizoni monga asafe ndi mpweya oxides, aldehydes, chimasanduka, ndi zina zotero. (About 200 mankhwala).

Mpweya kwambiri ndi inati m'madera a apamsewu ndi polumikizana malo kumene magalimoto ikuyenda pa liwiro otsika ndi kusakhala ndi chochita. Mawerengedwe a mpweya m'mlengalenga zikusonyeza kuti Gawo la utsi mu nkhani iyi ndi carbon monoxide ndi chimasanduka.

Tikumbukenso kuti, mosiyana ndi magwero n'kupuma, ntchito magalimoto kumathandiza kuti mpweya mu misewu ya m'matauni ndi kutalika mutu. Chifukwa cha kuipa kwa zoipitsa imvera oyenda pansi, anthu a nyumba ili pa msewu, ndipo mbewu zomera mbadwa malo ozungulira.

ulimi

Mpweya wa zinthu zoipa mu mlengalenga akumidzi makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito za minda ziweto ndi minda nkhuku. Kusintha kwa amene ali ndi nkhuku ng'ombe, mpweya kudyetsedwa sulfide wa hydrogen, ammonia ndi ena mpweya zina zomwe kufalitsa pa maulendo kwambiri. Komanso toxicants oopsa mu mpweya chifukwa cha minda mbewu pamene kupopera mankhwala ndi feteleza pa minda anachitira mbewu mu malo, etc.

zina

Kuwonjezera magwero pamwamba, mpweya mumlengalenga wa zoipitsa umatulutsa mafuta ndi gasi zomera processing. Izi likugwiritsidwanso chifukwa cha migodi zipangizo mchere zosaphika ndi processing, pa ejection mpweya ndi dothi mobisa mabomba, moto miyala milu, pa ntchito ya incinerators , ndi zina zotero D..

Impact pa anthu

Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pali kugwirizana pakati pa mpweya ndi chiwerengero cha matenda. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ya otaya matenda kupuma ana, amene amakhala m'madera ndi onyansa, ndi nthawi 2-2.5 kuposa amene amakhala m'madera ena.

Komanso, m'mizinda, yodziwika ndi zinthu chokhwima zachilengedwe, ana amalembedwa kuvutika zinchito mu chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi magazi mapangidwe, kuswa njira compensatory-dziphunzitsiranso kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. maphunziro ambiri anapeza kugwirizana pakati mpweya ndi imfa ya anthu.

The Gawo la mpweya kulowa mpweya magwero osiyanasiyana amene inaimitsidwa kanthu, oxides wa asafe, mpweya ndi sulfure. Zinawululidwa kuti woyendera nthambi ya exceedance wa NO ₂ NKHA kuphimba 90% ya m'tawuni. Izi zigawo mpweya zazikulu INGATHE kuyambitsa matenda aakulu. Kudzikundikira Zotsatira Mankhwala oipitsa mu kuwonongeka kwa nembanemba mucous ndi kapepala chapamwamba kupuma, chitukuko cha matenda a m'mapapo. Komanso, woipa apamwamba CHONCHO ₂ angachititse masinthidwe osachiritsika mu impso, chiwindi ndi mtima, ndi NO ₂ -. Toxicosis, anomalies kobadwa nako, kulephera mtima, matenda mitsempha, etc. Ena maphunziro ndakufotokozerani ubale pakati pa zochitika za khansa ya m'mapapo ndi magawanidwe a CHONCHO ₂ ndi NO ₂ mu mlengalenga.

anapezazo

kuipitsidwa kwa malo okhala, makamaka, m'mlengalenga, ali mavuto pa umoyo si panopa komanso m'mibadwo yanu. Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti chitukuko cha miyeso umalimbana kuchepetsa mpweya zinthu zoipa m'mlengalenga - mmodzi wa m'magazini kukanikiza lero anthu.