Njira chikhalidwe

njira Social - ndi homogeneous mndandanda wa zochitika akuwuka kwa mogwirizana kwa anthu; kuchititsa kusintha mu dziko ndi zinthu za dongosolo chikhalidwe.

zochitika Series akhoza amaona njira pokhapokha ngati:

• amadziwikira anasunga mu nthawi, kulola kusankha izo kwa mndandanda ena ambiri;
• pali kugwirizana pakati pa yapita ndipo latsopano mavuto kapena zochitika;
• zochitika yapita ayenera kuyambitsa vuto homogeneous.

njira Social zichitike mu njira zitatu zotheka, akuti:

• m'maganizo, amene yafotokozedwera ndondomeko ya zochita za gulu ubale chikhalidwe ;
• chinthu, chimene chimaoneka mu boma yotsatana amasintha chodabwitsa chikhalidwe;
• zipangizo zamakono, zomwe ndi zimenenso kusunga, kukhazikitsa njira zina.

Akatswiri E.Berdzhes R.Park ndipo adalenga munthu wa classifications njira zofunika chikhalidwe. Makamaka iwo ndi ndondomeko ya mgwirizano anali kudziŵika anatengera, mpikisano, kuloŵerera, nkhondo ndi kulumikizana.

1. The ndondomeko ya mgwirizano angayambe pakati pa anthu awiri, komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi lalikulu. Bukuli lili ndi khama yatsopano anthu kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo;
2. The ndondomeko ya anatengera, imene munthu Amasintha kuti zinthu zatsopano, akulandira mfundo zimadalira chikhalidwe chathu chilengedwe chatsopano, chifukwa akale zosakhutitsa zosowa. chofunika ndi kumvera kwa ndondomeko chida;
3. mpikisano ndondomeko ndi kulimbana pakati pa anthu ati, magulu kapena mabungwe chopezera makhalidwe ena a mphamvu, ndalama, chikondi, etc.). Mpikisano kumapangitsa ntchito ya anthu, ndi kulola kuti iyende mkulu;
4. nkhondo ndi zipolowe wa zofuna za anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi magulu. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zambiri zoipa za nkhondo ndi nkhondo, pamene mulandire katundu aliyense pali zipolowe za zokonda, zikubweretsa kufa.
5. The ndondomeko ya kuloŵerera, ndiye mwagwirizana chikhalidwe malowedwe mu magulu osiyana kapena anthu kubwera chikhalidwe wamba.
6. The ndondomeko ya kulumikizana, kuti ndi kusanganikirana zamoyo mafuko ndi anthu, kenako amakhala mmodzi.

njira Social ndi mitundu

1) The unidirectional (osakwatira-mzere) ndondomeko. Mu chitukuko, awa ali m'modzi ndipo njira yomweyo, kapena ena (ofanana) akuyambira masitepe. Chitsanzo ndi njira chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha boma kumene allocated kapolo, ang'onoang'ono ndi capitalist mitundu ya boma amene successively m'malo mzake;

2) NAC-mzere njira chikhalidwe akusonyeza pamaso pa njira zingapo zina kukhala;

3) njira Non-liniya zimachitika pamene kudumpha kapena breakouts pambuyo nyengo kukula yaitali. Chitsanzo pano atha kutumikira ngati njira formational kuti chitukuko cha dziko. Kusintha mapangidwe latsopano chifukwa cha tumphatumpha Mkhalidwe mu chitukuko cha chuma, imbaenda kusintha kwakukulu kwa boma;

4) njira Omnidirectional wochitika mosintha ndipo mwachisawawa mu chikhalidwe;

5) The njira wavy chikhalidwe abwerezedwa kapena ofanana ndi zitsanzo yapita;

6) The njira ozungulira chichitike (mobwerezabwereza) fupipafupi;

7) mwauzimu njira - ofanana, koma amasiyana za kucholoŵana. Mu dongosolo akhoza kukhala patsogolo komanso regressive;

8) chikhalidwe Zongotigwera njira - anatengedwa payokha milandu mwapadera, pamene kusintha sanalembedwepo pa makamaka chitsanzo kudziwika;

9) Stagnation - kwa kanthawi boma la dongosolo zimachokeradi kusintha.