The zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu okhala Russia. Anthu a Russia

Pakali pano, Russia tithe koyamba m'dziko mawu a m'dera dziko. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu Russian manambala ndipo m'malo mwa maiko ena kutsogolera. chakuti mbali yokulirapo ya m'dera limene mukukhala steppes bwinja ndipo nayonso, monga madera akutali kwambiri a Siberia. Choncho, kachulukidwe anthu Russia ali kutali ndi kukhala ali pamwamba pa dziko.

zizindikiro Russian anthu

Malinga woyamba zikuluzikulu kalembera mu 1897, chiwerengero cha anthu Russian ndi miliyoni 67,4 anthu. Awa anali anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mafuko. Makamaka chogwidwa ndi m'mudzimo. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali chitukuko cha mafakitale ulimi ndi ulimi. Komanso, monga m'mizinda ikuluikulu anali ochepa. Tinkakhala iwo makamaka amisiri ndi amalonda.

Mlingo kulemba m'zaka za m'ma 20, dziko linali kwambiri otsika. % 21 zokha anthu osachepela sukulu. Ndi ziwerengero anthu chipembedzo chikusonyeza kuti anthu ambiri mu Russia panthawiyo anali Orthodox (70%). Ena anthu a zipembedzo monga Islam, Chikatolika ndi Chiyuda. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kumpanda atatu a anthu amenewa anali anthu wamba. chiwerengero cha opeza anali pafupifupi 10,7% alendo - kuti 6,6%, Cossack - pang'ono kuposa 2%, olemekezeka - 1.5%, etc ...

Mu zaka za m'ma 1920 mphamvu za anthu Russia anayamba kuvala likunena positive. Choncho, mu 1926 anthu dziko unali miliyoni 101. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chiwerengero cha anthu mu Russia kuposa miliyoni 110 kumapeto kwa Nkhondo -. Pafupifupi mamiliyoni 97,5 ichi ndi mu mbiri yonse ya Russian Federation chidwi kuchepa chiwerengero cha dziko .. Ndipo zaka 10 kenaka zinthu ali okhazikika. Pofika mu 1955, chiwerengero cha anthu Russian kachiwiri nditapatsidwa anthu mamiliyoni 110. pachimake zaziwerengero wa dziko anadikirira mu 1995. Chiwerengero anali pafupifupi miliyoni 148,5 anthu. Mu zaka 15 panali pang'ono kuchepa mu ntchito chifukwa emigration misa ya anthu a m'dziko m'mayiko a Azungu. Okwana kwa nthawi imeneyi Russia anasiya anthu oposa 6.

Pakali pano, ndi anthu Russian ndi wofanana miliyoni 146,3. Pers.

Population kachulukidwe

Geography a anthu Russian ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi m'goli kudutsa nkhani. Ambiri mwa anthu ali anaikira mu dera lawo makona pakati St. Petersburg, Irkutsk ndi Sochi. Amachititsa - nyengo yabwino ndi zabwino maziko a zachuma. Kumpoto kwa dera lino chimakhala chogwidwa ndi Madzi oundana, ndi kum'mwera - m'chipululu wosatha.

Population kachulukidwe ndi amodzi mwa malo otsiriza pa dziko amanditenga Siberia. Dera limeneli ndi kunyumba kwa anthu osachepera 29 miliyoni. Imeneyi ndi la chisanu za anthu onse a Russia. Ndi Siberia m'dera ndi atatu kotala ya la Russia. M'madera amene kuli anthu ambiri ndi gulu Derbent, Sochi ndi Ufa ndi Moscow.

Ku Far East pali kachulukidwe mkulu mu njira Trans-Siberia. Ndi mizinda ngati Omsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk ndi zina zotero. Akuchuluka anthu machulukidwe anati m'dera la Forge beseni Malasha. Madera onsewa kukopa anthu nyota zachuma.

Kafukufuku amasonyeza anthu Akuluakulu a ku Russia, yaikulu zaziwerengero mphamvu m'njira matauni ndi malikulu a mayiko yoyenda yokha. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dziko kumidzi chaka chilichonse mofulumira kutaya chifukwa yosamutsa a m'deralo m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

mphamvu Population

Modern Russia - dera lina kumene anthu zikuchulukirachulukira makamaka chifukwa mafunde chapadera cha anthu ochokera m'mayiko ena kukafuna chitukuko. chakuti mu Russia pa mphindi ikusonyezedwa zaziwerengero mavuto. Mlingo kubadwa sadzachitanso kuposa mtengo wa 1.5. Likufanana ndi ichi, pali catastrophically mkulu amafa. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi zigawo zingapo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu opitirira theka imfa zimachitika chifukwa matenda a mtima, pafupifupi 15% - khansa ndi zotsatira zake, kuposa 4% - pa nkhani mkati limba.

Dziwani kuti Russia ali amodzi mwa malo oyamba mu dziko, mu chiwerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha zinthu Link (14.5% kuposa). Izi pamwamba mlingo wa mayiko ena nthawi Europe 6. Zambiri mwa imfa ya zimachitika ngozi, kuphatikizapo pa ntchito. Chaka chilichonse za anthu 6000 anaphedwa. Imfa ana Russia anali pa 5% ya chonse pamodzi.
Mu 2006, anabadwa mu dziko la ana oposa 1.5 miliyoni. Chiŵerengero lolingana anakonzeka mfundo 10,4. Komabe, imfa inali anthu oposa 2.1. Pamodzi ndi mlingo kusamuka kwa anthu a Federation ndi Russian anatsika ndi pafupifupi miliyoni 0,7. Anthu. Mu chaka chomwecho izo zinali zodzaza ndi pang'ono azimuth zabwino mu moyo amayembekezeka, zomwe zinali zaka 66,8. Ndipo komabe otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maiko ena pamwamba European.

Mu 2007, Russia chiwerengero dongosolo lasintha moperewera. Chifukwa cha unyinji Kusamuka kwa dziko anagwirizana kuposa kotala anthu oposa kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko. N'zotheka kuchepetsa backlog wa zaziwerengero Russian. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wamkulu mitengo kubadwa anali woyamba wolembedwa dera Magadan.

Mu 2008 ndi 2009. kukula kusamuka kulipidwa zoposa 70% ya chiwerengero cha zinakwana anthu ku mlingo wa imfa. Mlingo kubereka kuposa pakhomo la ana 1.7 miliyoni, kufika 12,3 chiŵerengero. Zotsatira zabwino unkachitika m'madera 67 m'dzikolo. Likufanana ndi izi pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kupulumuka chonse zigawo.

Mu 2012, pamatenda ndi chonde mitengo ankayembekezera angaimbidwenso padziko miliyoni 1,9. Pankhaniyi, kuenjezera osamukawo anafika pakhomo la 300 zikwi. Mu 2013, mlingo kubadwa walakika opitirira: 1,9 ndi miliyoni 1,87. kukula Natural anthu anali mayina zigawo 43 la Chitaganya cha.

Mu 2014, mlingo kubadwa kuposa mlingo imfa anthu 33,7 zikwi. Mogwirizana ndi anthu Crimea totaled miliyoni 143,7. Anthu.

Kudzipereka mizinda

Zaka zapitazi anthu akumidzi a Russia wakhala anatsika ndi nthawi 4. Pofika chaka cha 1914, mu mzinda wa midzi ndi anthu 82,5% ya anthu mu 2014 - zosakwana 26%. Masiku ano, anthu waukulu Russia - okhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi.

Chifukwa chachikulu kuwonjezeka kumeneku ndi mwadongosolo zachuma ndondomeko ya Soviet Union. Pa nthawi kuchokera 1929 mpaka 1939. akumidzi kunachitidwa collectivization mofulumira ndi mafakitale a anthu. Mu magawo oyambirira ya kusintha kwa dziko Agwedeza njala yoopsa, koma kenako dera lonse la USSR panali kuwonjezeka kwambiri gawo mafakitale. Mu 1940s mochedwa, gawo kumidzi ya anthu anayamba pang'onopang'ono kusuntha kwa mzinda pofunafuna moyo wabwino.

Kuchepetsa mlingo mizinda tinaonera m'ma 1960 ndi mu 1980s ndi. Kwa nthawi yaitali mlingo anali osapitirira 1.5%. Kale pa nthawi imeneyo, anthu mzinda anali pa kuzungulira 74% ya chonse cha anthu a dziko. Kwa zaka zambiri, mpaka lero zinthu sanasinthe. Chiwerengero cha mizinda Russian ndi wofanana 74,2%. Ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 106,7 anthu. Chiwerengero nkomwe kuposa miliyoni 39. Anthu m'madera akumidzi. Koma ambiri ukufanizidwa m'madera matauni. Pa nthawi, nthawi ya mizinda 15 yokhala ndi anthu oposa 1 miliyoni. Moscow pamwamba mndandanda (miliyoni 12.1. Pers.), Kenako St. Petersburg (miliyoni 5.1. Pers.). M'mizinda monga Novosibirsk, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Omsk, Perm, Novgorod, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Krasnoyarsk, Rostov ndi Volgograd, kanjedza anthu ali mu uthunthu anthu 1 miliyoni 1.5.

The zosiyanasiyana mitundu

Masiku ano, mitundu ndi zipembedzo zikuchokera Russia zikuphatikizapo mazana a mitundu ndi zikugwirizananso kwathunthu mu Constitution. 200 anthu okhala m'dzikoli. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chikhalidwe chake, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo.

Waukulu anthu fuko la Russia - Russian. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kalembera zikuluzikulu mu 2010 fuko lino ali pafupifupi 81% ya chonse cha anthu a dziko. Ndi anthu oposa 111. mayiko ena onse aphatikizidwa otsala 19,1%. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha Russian mu Russia zivute zitani kugwa. Pa zaka 12 zapitazi, chiwerengero cha misa mitundu anatsika ndi pafupifupi 5 miliyoni anthu. Nayenso, mu nthawi ya malipoti kwakhalapo kuwonjezereka kwambiri anthu ochokera Asia.

Pa zaka zapitazi 10, Russia kwapita kwambiri Chikigizi, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Circassians ndi Kumyk. The phindu la wakuyamba ndi onse zoposa 22,5%. Likufanana ndi ichi, pali kuchepa kwambiri ina European. mndandanda Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu monga Finns, Poland, Ukrainians, ndi Belarusians Karels. The apamwamba kuchuluka zoipa woyamba membala (-40.5%).

Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri a mitundu (1 miliyoni anthu) ndi Russian, Chitata, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Chechens ndi Armenia. Aliyense wa magulu awa mitundu imatengedwa ndi mfundo za maziko a mtundu Russian.

Anthu zakwawoko - Russian

Anthu fuko la Russia ndi kum'mawa Asilavo, amene anali kukhala m'dera la Russia kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Koma ambiri Russian ndi mu Russian, koma kunja kwa Palestina lalikulu ndi anatinso mu Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus ndi United States. Izi yaikulu European mitundu gulu. Pa nthawi, dziko ali oposa mamiliyoni 133 Russian. Ambiri a iwo Orthodox Akhristu.

Mu Russia pali oposa mamiliyoni 111 Russian. Amaika mu zigawo zonse zitatu za dziko, kuchokera m'mizinda kumidzi. Pakali pano, anthu Russian monga gulu la mitundu ndi za 77,7% ya anthu okwana Russian. Ambiri mwa oimira magulu mitundu tikukhala mu Moscow - miliyoni 9,9 anthu. Mu pafupi ndi malo likulu ndi zoposa miliyoni 6.2. Russian. Zigawo lotsatira yaikulu ndi dera Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sverdlovsk dera. Pali okwana anthu pafupifupi 16 miliyoni Russian.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu gulu ili dziko limatchula angapo subclasses ethnographic. Mu Karelia, anthu Russian otchedwa Vodlozero kapena zaonezhanom, pa gombe la Barents Nyanja - Pomorie, mu Republic Komi - tsilemom. Zonsezi ndi dzina la anthu akale amene anakhalako kale m'gawo la Russia. Ine ndikudabwa Kodi dzina lake, ndi Russian ku mbali yaikulu ya dziko. Mwachitsanzo :. Katskari, freeholders, Polekh, Meshcheryakov, Sayan, Tuca, Sevryuk, tudovlyane, talagai etc. Mu Caucasus ndi ku Asia dera kuonetsetsa subclasses monga Don Cossacks, Molokans Kamchadals Kerzhakov, Siberians, osema miyala, Góra Markovtsev ndi ena.

Tiyenera kutchura amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ndi Russian Myuda. Komabe, mu mapepala ofunda sayansi udani umenewu kulibe.

Chitata anthu

The zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu okhala Russia pa 3,7% anatsimikiza ndi anthu a mafuko Turkic olankhula. Chitata makamaka m'dera Volga, Siberia, ndi Urals ndi kudera Asian. Posachedwapa, ambiri zolemba ku Far East. Okwana pa dera la Russia oposa 5.3 Chitata. Izi ndi wachiwiri kukula mitundu gulu la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Chitata angathe kugawidwa 3 magulu akuluakulu Kupititsa: wa Volga-Ural, Astrakhan ndi Siberia. Ambiri mwa oimira anthu a ku dziko la Tatarstan (anthu oposa 2.8 miliyoni). N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chinenero national wa gulu la Altai, m'zilembo kungakhale zingapo: Kazan, Mishar ndi Siberia.

Chitata kwambiri ndi Sunni Muslim. Nthawi zina, anthu odzitcha kusakhulupirira kwawo Orthodoxy. Chitata dziko mwina m'gulu ena subethnos aakulu. Kazanly, Mishari, priuraltsy, kasimovtsy, Siberians, teptyari, Kryashens etc. chiwerengero zazing'ono za subgroups yomata ndipo Nagaybaks. N'zochititsa chidwi otsiriza Akhristu Orthodox.

mtundu Chiyukireniya

The mitundu Russian anthu ndi 1.35% ya West Asilavo kunja kwa Palestina. oimira chabwino cha mtundu amaona Rusyns ndi malorusy. Masiku ano, fuko lotchedwa Ukrainians. Pambuyo Russian ndi Zitsulo ndi Asilavo anthu ochuluka kwambiri mu dziko. Ambiri m'dziko Ukraine, koma mbali yaikulu ndi mu Russia, ndi North America.

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti Ukrainians ngati subgroups ethnographic monga Polishchuk, Boyko, Lemko ndi Hutsul. Ambiri a iwo padziko la chakum'mawa kwa dziko la Russia. Panopa onse amaphatikizidwa mu mtundu umodzi. Mu Russia pali oposa 1,9 Ukrainians. . Mwa awa, pafupifupi 160 zikwi amakhala dera Tyumen 154 zikwi -. Mu Moscow, zosakwana 120 zikwi -. Mu gawo dera likulu. Zigawo chiwerengero cha anthu Chiyukireniya - Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Omsk, Orenburg, Primorye ndi ena. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti gawo fuko la mtunduwu ankaona kuti ku Ulaya wachiwiri kukula pambuyo Russian. Mbiri yakale, limafotokoza oposa 600 zikwi makilomita lalikulu

mtundu Bashkir

Anthu Turkic kumene kuli dera la Russia ku Middle Ages. Bashkirs makamaka kukakhala ku Russia. malo awo chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale amati kukhala Republic of Bashkortostan. anthu onse zamakolo kulankhula Turkic-Altaic chilankhulo.

Izi m'mafuko aang'ono mu Russia amapanga za 1.1% ya chonse cha anthu. Chiwerengero chawo pang'ono zosakwana 1.6 miliyoni. Ambiri mwa Bashkirs moyo mu dziko lakwawo (74%). Zoposa 160,000 ili mu dera Chelyabinsk. Komanso kuchuluka chiwerengero cha Bashkirs taonera Tyumen, Orenburg, Perm ndi Sverdlov.

M'zaka za m'ma 20, dziko chinenero onse olembedwa anali Arabic, ndiyeno linamasuliridwa Latin ndi Chisililiki. Kuyambira kale, Bashkirs ena a Sunni Islam. Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu chimaonedwabe ng'ombe. Komano, zaposachedwapa mu Bashkortostan chikondwerero cha chitukuko cha ulimi, nkhuku ndi nsomba. Mbali yaimuna ya anthu kawirikawiri chinkhoswe nyama. Akazi nawonso, ayipanga njuchi munda lonse.

Kuyambira zamanja bwino anayamba kuluka, nsalu, kuluka makalapeti, chikopa kokha. Mbali yaikulu ya phindu zimadalira kampani yopanga zitsulo. Dziwani kuti mtundu uwu wa Bashkirs ntchito anali wotchuka ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 16-17.

Kwa zaka zambiri, moyo wa anthu m'dera wasintha kwambiri. Komabe midzi komwe theka-woyendayendawu njira ya moyo anapulumutsidwa.

The wodzitcha anthu Chuvash

The zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu okhala Russia akuphatikizapo osati kokha adazifuna, koma m'mayiko ena ambiri. Malinga ndi kalembera atsopano, dziko ndi pafupifupi miliyoni 1.5 Chuvash. Kunja kwa Russia, pali 50 okha zikwi zamakolo oimira dziko. Koma ambiri zachokera ku Chuvashia. Pakali pano, 4 nawo subgroups malo. Mu kumadzulo kwa Turi ankakhala kumpoto - enchi kum'mwera - Anatra, m'madera kum'mawa steppe - Hirt. chilankhulo National - Chuvash. Ndi osakaniza Turkey ndi Chibugariya. Kodi ndi zinkalankhulidwa angapo, malingana ndi mgwirizano wa chirengedwe.

Chipembedzo chachikulu ndicho Chikhristu Orthodox. A gawo laling'ono la anthu kutsatira Islam. Kummawa, ndi Republic anakhalabe m'mudzi waung'ono, kumene chipembedzo kokha wakale mizimu. Onse Chuvash kwambiri ulemu miyambo yawo ndi miyambo atchuthi.

The gawo lalikulu chuma dera ndi ng'ombe kuswana. nkhumba mwakula mu dziko, nkhosa, ng'ombe, mbalame zikuluzikulu. M'madera kum'mwera kwa anasunga miyambo mbiri ya kuswana kavalo. Chuvashia wolemera nyama ndi mkaka. mankhwala Local zimagulitsidwa kupitirira malire a Republic. Cacikulu, ulimi ntchito oposa 20% ya Chuvash.

Wachikoka ndi miyambo ya Chechens

Poyamba, anthu onse Nokhchi. Lero, zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu okhala Russia ndi 1% ali mbadwa za anthu akale phiri mafuko - ndi Chechens. Ambiri anthu ameneŵa zachokera ku North Caucasus. Mu Middle Ages anakakhala Nokhchi ngati mbiri dera la Dagestan, dera Khasavyurt ngati, Kazbek, Kizilyurtovskoya, Novolak, etc. The chiwerengero cha anthu oimira mtundu ndi anthu miliyoni 1,55 mu Russia -. Miliyoni 1.4.

Pamaso pa 1917 Chechens otchedwa Nakh anthu. Iwo wapangidwa ndi Ingush Wizbang ndi Kistinians. Lero, 84,5% wa oimira magulu mitundu akukhala Chechnya ndi zina - mu Dagestan ndi Ingushetia. Mu Moscow, pali za 14,500 ana Nokhchi. Izi ndi pang'ono kuposa 1% ya chiwerengero chawo okwana.

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mtundu Chechen zachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza mkati mwa anthu Vainakh mu nyengo kuchokera 16 m'ma 18. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi Islamization yogwira derali. Ambiri Vainakh anayamba kufufuza phiri mtunda. Pang'onopang'ono anapanga chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe cha Chechens. Pa nthawi, kuti definitively kuzindikira zinthu yonse Vainakh zosatheka.

Chiameniya ankagwiritsidwa

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa anthu amakezana a m'banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Mu dziko la Armenia zambiri, koma yakhala omangidwa, kotero chiwerengero ngakhale theoretically zimavuta kudziwa. Ambiri a iwo mu Armenia, Karabakh Republic, Georgia, Lebanon, Abkhazia, Jordan ndi Russia. Izi m'mafuko aang'ono mu Russia amapanga za 0,8% ya anthu. Ndi pafupifupi 1.2 miliyoni anthu. Armenia mu Russia koposa zonse mu Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Gawo, m'chigawo Moscow ndi Rostov. M'mizinda, anthu a m'gulu limeneli mitundu ali pafupifupi 98%.

Onyamula protoarmyanskogo chilankhulo mitundu brigs ndi Luvians. M'njira zamakono za chiyankhulo cha Amalawi wa Armenia amaona mbiri cholowa cha mafuko wakale wa okwera. chikhalidwe yekha kunja kwa Palestina pafupifupi wapita. Ngakhale woyamba Zakachikwi BC. e. Armenia anasamukira ku dera Luvians ndi Hurrians, pobwereka miyambo yawo. Komabe, asayansi ena amavomereza kuti makolo a gulu mitundu akhala kusamuka Agiriki akale.

mitundu ina

Pa nthawi, zikuchokera mitundu ya anthu okhala Russia ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka osati oimira Turkey ndi nagortsami, komanso ambiri diasporas ena. Mwachitsanzo, Avar - anthu, amene wapangidwa ndi anthu zakale zoterezi monga Andi, Archi ndi tsezy. chiwerengero chawo mu Russia ndi anthu oposa 0,9.

Iwo ayenera kusankha ndi mafuko monga Kazakhs Mordvinians, Dargins Azerbaijanis, Mari, Udmurts, Ossetins, Belarusians Kumyks ndi T. D. Chiwerengero chawo okwana anthu Russian ambiri za 3,7%. The zikuchokera fuko la Chitaganya cha Russia mulinso Kabardians, Yakuts, Buryats, Moldavians, Uzbeks, Komi, Majipise, Kirghiz, Circassians, ndi mazana a anthu ena.

Ayuda dziko, pali ngati n'zosatheka mu 2000s oyambirira. Chiwerengero chawo 156 800 anthu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa nthawi ya kalembera otsiriza, nthumwi zambiri za gulu mitundu mu ndime dziko amalembedwa kuti "Russian Myuda".