Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich: yonena

An wasayansi kwambiri ndi Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov upainiya ndipo anayambitsa cryptography zoweta. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, iyeyo ndi anzake analenga zingapo zipangizo wapadera, amene anadza zachinsinsi ndi malamulo.

zaka zoyambirira

An wasayansi kwambiri ndi injiniya Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich anabadwa mu Kazan. Iye anabadwa pa September 6, 1908. The mnyamata wochokera kubanja la cholowa aphunzitsi - bambo ake ndi agogo ntchito pa yunivesite ya m'deralo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zaka zimenezi, banja laling'ono Volodya 6 aphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba, komanso katswiri ndizosowa ajebura, masamu ndi madera.

zaka sukulu, mwana anagwa pa nthawi ya World Choyamba ndi Civil nkhondo. Chifukwa cha banja KOTELNIKOVO zonse anasamuka ku malo. Vladimir anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba, ndipo pa sukulu iye anaphunzira kwa okhawo magulu atatu otsiriza. Zoŵaŵa zaka kunkhondo kuswa amaganizira sayansi. Wachinyamata anachita chidwi pa wailesi. chizolowezi Zimenezi zachititsa kumatanthauza moyo wake wonse m'tsogolo.

mapangidwe

Mu 1926 Vladimir analowa Moscow Apamwamba zaumisiri School dzina la Bauman. Phunziro pa yunivesite akutsatiridwa ndi ulendo wa maphunziro mu Physics ndi Masamu mphamvu ya Moscow State University. Ali kumeneko mu Nyquist Bauman wa matabwa ake adayima MEI - Moscow Mphamvu Engineering Institute, amene anamaliza mnyamatayo.

maphunziro yapamwamba zinamupatsa kukhala katswiri pa Institute ndi Research wa zoulutsa wa Red Army. Ndiye Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich analembetsa maphunziro MEI, pamene ntchito monga Mkulu wa akatswiri okonza ndi mutu wa zasayansi pa Institute ndi Research.

anthu anatulukira zofunika

Ntchito ya wasayansi wamng'ono wapanga yojambula mofulumira, pamene mu 1933, iye anafotokoza chiphunzitso cha sanaike ntchito, lotseguka ofufuza British Whittaker. Limafotokoza pakalibe imfa deta ntchito mbendera mosalekeza. Ndondomeko anatsimikizira Kotel'nikov, anali n'lofunika tsogolo la sayansi. kupezeka chinadzakhala maziko a chiphunzitso cha mfundo ndi 'kala' ikusonyeza ake ndi processing kachitidwe uthenga digito, etc. Pa nthawi yomweyo monga Kotelnikov yojambula ofanana mu kafukufuku anapanga American Klod Shennon, chifukwa cha zimene Lingaliro Lovomerezeka ndi dzina lake Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

atulukira lofunika zinadziwika sakhala pomwepo. Zipangizo yake yapadera Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich analemba lipoti zambiri, koma anali osavomerezeka ndi akonzi a sayansi yotchedwa-ogwirizana "Magetsi". Buku ananena kuti wapolisiyo zakuthupi ndi wopanda phindu kwa akatswiri Soviet.

anapitiriza ntchito

Komabe, kale zaka 30 wa Soviet wasayansi Kotelnikov Vladimir anakhala phungu wa sayansi ndi luso la USSR. Iye analandira digiri ngakhale popanda kuteteza ndi nkhani yolembedwa. Posachedwapa, mu 1941, injiniya anakonza chiwerengero cha mfundo, amene ayenera kumanga tsogolo umboni dongosolo la mtundu chizindikiro.

Abstracts Nyquist anali woukira boma. A luso n'kumene kusintha kwa chizindikiro akale analogi kuti yadigito. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti zipangizo ntchito woterenso ntchito mogwirizana ndi pa zitsanzo zosankhidwazi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka. Monga momwe zilili ndi ongolankhula kwao, wasayansi kamodzinso patsogolo nthawi yake. njira, iye analosera, panali kokha pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Pa ofesi ya chinsinsi

Kumapeto kwa 30s wa Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich anali mtsogoleri wa zasayansi kwa chilengedwe cha zida Mipikisano njira wailesi kulankhulana. Ndi pambuyo pake, yochepa mzere pakati Moscow ndi Khabarovsk unakhazikitsidwa. Pamodzi ndi Kotelnikov ntchitoyi ntchito woyamba kwambiri, dzina lake Aleksandr Mints, Konstantin Egorov ndi ena. Komanso, wasayansi kutsogoleredwa ndi Laboratories awiri, amene anayamba mtundu luso, telefoni ndi nkhani wanthambo. Gulu, ntchito pa nyumba, inatha pa mtengo wa akatswiri, posachedwapa maphunziro Institute of Communication.

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, akatswiri Soviet kuti anakwanitsa kusuntha kwa chakale machitidwe zambiri kubisa kwa synchronous latsopano, liniya anali kukambirana chinsinsi wailesi komanso matelefoni. Amathandiza kwambiri kuti kupambana umenewu lapangitsa Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Wambiri Asayansi asonyeza utsogoleri dziko woyenera kupatsa iye ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. The zatsopano ananyamula yankho ku vuto kwambiri m'dziko - chipangizo kwa encrypting chizindikiro mawu, kugonjetsedwa chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti mdani. Pambuyo Germany anaukira USSR zida zimenezi moti anakhala kwambiri.

"Sable" ndi "Bullfinch"

zida wapadera analamula dipatimenti woyang'anira boma pafupipafupi (RF) kulankhulana. woyamba mayeso chitsanzo cha "Sobol-I» anayamba kupanga ndi kudutsa mu 1938. zipangizo anapangidwa pa Leningrad mbewu "Red Dawn." Pamene likulu la kumpoto anali ndi asilikali, ndi ogwira anali anasamutsidwa kuti Ufa. Pali unakhazikitsidwa fakitale yatsopano №697, wokwatibwa ndi Commissariat Anthu a Magetsi Makampani wa USSR.

Komabe, mu Ufa ndipo anasamukira mbali ya zasayansi, mutu umene unali Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Wasayansi, ngakhale nkhondo, anapitiriza kukhala encoder, amene anali kwambiri kuti chitetezo cha dziko. Mu Ufa gulu Nyquist anagwirizana mphamvu ndi akatswiri a mbewu "Red Dawn." chitsanzo "Sobol-P" anayamba kupanga mu 1942. chitsanzo ichi cholinga cha chinsinsi shortwave wailesi telephony. Pa nthawi imeneyo, "Sobol-P" wakhala zida kwambiri mwaukadaulo zosavuta encrypting zambiri. chipangizo otembenuka magetsi chizindikiro awiri kulankhula. Ichi chidachitika ntchito nthawi kuchedwa mbali ya chizindikiro ndiponso sipekitiramu inversion mphete. chitukuko amalola kubala transposition a zigawo kulankhula. Kwaiye cryptogram anali unreadable kwa mdani.

Lachitsanzo anafufuza boma ntchito yapadera. Iye anapeza kuti "Sobol-P" amalola nkhani chinsinsi bwinobwino. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ena mwa zigawo makina zipangizo (kuphatikizapo ng'oma maginito) sanali ikuchitika Ufa ndi kuzungulira Leningrad. zinthu zamtengo wapatali anapulumutsidwa pa mizere ndi thandizo la ndege.

Pamodzi ndi "Sable" zipangizo nayo m'kagulu SAU-16 ( "Bullfinch") anayamba kupanga panthawi ya nkhondo. chipangizo chimenechi chokhala ngati sutukesi. Iye Pamaulendo ake anagwiritsa ntchito atsogoleri kutsogolo ndi oimira pamtengo mu nthaka, kumene kunalibe mauthenga mkulu-pafupipafupi.

"Neva"

Makina ochapira "Sobol-P" anayamba ntchito m'munda kumapeto kwa 1942. Ndiye chitsanzo radiotelephone encrypted zokambirana chinsinsi pakati Moscow ndi Tbilisi, m'malo owonongedwa Germany ubwenzi bwino utsogoleri wa Transcaucasian Front. Uliwonse chipangizo kupulumutsidwa miyezi ingapo, mpaka pa Caspian gombe si malire atsopano inamangidwa. Atabatizidwa bwino zida moto "Sobol-P" anagunda likulu la amadzibisa onse. Pa GHQ tinaganiza ntchito chitsanzo ichi popereka malangizo pamwamba chinsinsi ndi malipoti.

Koma "Sobol-P" si zachilendo kokha kumene dzanja Kotelnikov Vladimir. Zachitika pa 40s wasayansi kukhala chofunika koposa pambuyo kuyambitsa "Kadzidzi" ndi "Neva". zipangizozi tinapangidwa chitetezo mauthenga kudzera njira basi anatumizanso lamya. Iwo zochokera zovuta 'kala' ikusonyeza chiwembu, umene uli wapadera sizinali kunja. "Neva" ntchito kulankhulana pakati Moscow, 1 ndi 2 Byelorussian amadzibisa Byelorussian. Komanso njira imeneyi wapeza ntchito yake pa msonkhano wa mayiko wa adani mu theka lachiwiri la nkhondo (Tehran, Yalta ndi Potsdam misonkhano). Pomaliza, "Neva" linagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhani Kremlin ndi mitu ya mphamvu osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya pa kusaina agonje German.

nkhondo itatha,

Pambuyo chigonjetso cha gulu la akatswiri amene ankagwira ntchito Ufa, izo unatha. The akatswiri a "Red Dawn" anabwerera ku Leningrad. Hafu ina ya woyamba ndi asayansi anapita ku Moscow, kuphatikizapo mu MEI. Pali anakhala ntchito ndi Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich. Photo wasayansi konse mu manyuzipepala. Kodi ntchito pa ntchito yachinsinsi, iye sakanakhoza tizidalira nkhani ya onse ya ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa. Komabe, nkhondo itatha, Vladimir Kotelnikov anatsogolera dipatimenti Institute ya "Madziko ongolankhula ya Radio Engineering". Iye anathamangira kwa zaka zoposa 36.

Koma mbali anthu a ntchito chinazilala ndi maziko a ntchito wotchuka Marfino sharashka. Ili ndi dzina zosavomerezeka inadziwika paliponse, anali atathana kuyamika mabuku a Wolemba Nobel Alexander Solzhenitsyn, ntchito kumeneko. Yokhala, anali zasayansi wapadera №8, olengedwa mwa dongosolo la boma la Soviet. M'chigawo cha sharashka anali anthu 490. Onse a iwo apanga telephony chinsinsi, zida zatsopano kwa kubisa mauthenga, ndi zina zotero. D. Ena mwa ndodo anali ukaidi asayansi ndi woyamba.

academician

Mu 1953, wasayansi anakhala academician wa Academy of Sciences wa USSR. Ngati wina mwa akatswiri pa kubisa kulankhulana ndipo anayenera mutu uwu, iwo anali ndithudi Kotelnikov Vladimir. Photos ndi zitsanzo kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri wake tsopano m'mamyuziyamu ambiri, amene kufotokoza zoyenera nkhani imeneyi. Academician walunjika kwa zasayansi, kulenga zipangizo Utumiki wa Kumenyana ndi KGB. Komanso anali kupita bungwe, kuyan'ana khalidwe la zatsopano la akatswiri ena.

Mu 1950-60 Vladimir Kotelnikov wobwezera E ndi kudzoza kwa zipangizo monga "Liana" "Lily", "Daimondi", "North-M", "mace", "zamaluwa-B", ndi zina zotero. D. kuyambira 1954 mpaka 1988. Academician anali mkulu wa Institute of Radio Engineering ndi Electronics, Academy of Sciences wa USSR.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Utatha la Soviet Union, ngakhale zaka zake wolemekezeka, anapitiriza yake yogwira Kotelnikov Vladimir. Tsiku la Kubadwa (September 6, 1908) ndi zosiyanasiyana ntchito kwa dziko sipanatenge nthawi kuti asiye mupumule n'kukhutira wathu.

Mu 1992, Russian Academy of cryptography wakhala analenga kuyamika Academician. Mu 2003, Vladimir Kotelnikov anali kupereka kwa Order "Pakuti Services ku digiri Lathu» Ine. Wasayansi nawo kwa zaka zambiri za ntchito ndi zopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha sayansi Soviet ndi Russian. Academician anafa pa February 11, 2005. Iye anaikidwa pa Kuntsevo manda ku Moscow.