Computer ndizosowa Zomveka

chipangizo china chilichonse kapena limagwirira analenga munthu, potengera malamulo enieni ntchito yake, umene kuonetsetsa kuti kupyolera mbali ntchito ndi magwiridwe. Kufunika zosoŵa mwamsanga ndi kuwalimbikitsa chachikulu chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ya makina, umisiri, etc. Izi kunatheka kudzikundikira chidziwitso m'madera ambiri a sayansi, ntchito zimene zimathandiza inu kulenga koyamba zomveka malo madera atsopano zipangizo zamakono monga maziko zomveka kompyuta, ndiyeno kumasulira iwo mu mitundu yatsopano ya zipangizo. Zambiri chinenero anthu amatchedwa "patsogolo luso".

The kutsogolera kwa zikamera wa makompyuta awiri zolinga galimoto: kufunika mabuku lalikulu processing zambiri ndi zina zomwe zosiyanasiyana za sayansi (magetsi, masamu, sayansi ndi umisiri wa semiconductors, zitsulo ndi ena ambiri). Zitsanzo loyamba kompyuta kompyuta zipangizo anatsimikizira mfundo kompyuta ndipo anayamba nthawi ya chitukuko mofulumira latsopano kalasi ya zinthu luso amatchedwa "pakompyuta makompyuta".

Pakuti kukhazikitsa mfundo luso kompyuta chipangizo zomveka ndizosowa kompyuta anali kukonza ntchito ajebura maganizo umakhala ya mbali ndi maziko ongolankhula. malamulo Buliyani kuti kumatanthauza maziko zomveka makompyuta, kukonza m'zaka 19 England John. ng'ombe. Ndipotu, ndi maziko ongolankhula kachitidwe digito wa processing zambiri. Kwenikweni ake m'gulu la malamulo ubale zomveka pakati manambala: molumikizana, disjunction ndi ena, omwe ndi ofanana kwambiri odziwika bwino ubale wofunika pakati manambala mu masamu - chulutsa, Komanso, etc. manambala mu ajebura Buliyani ndi chifaniziro bayinare, ie, ankaimira okha kanjedza 1 ndi 0. zochita The akufotokozedwa ndi manambala a Buliyani zizindikiro zina. zinthu izi kulola mitundu masamu malamulo pulayimale zomveka kufotokoza vuto lililonse zowerengera kapena kulamulira kanthu ndi zizindikiro zapadera, kuti, "kulemba dongosolo." Ntchito chipangizo athandizira, pulogalamuyi ndi "yodzaza" kompyuta ndipo amakhala "kutaya" chifukwa kuchitidwa.

Lowetsani chipangizo otembenuka zizindikiro ukubwera mu chizindikiro magetsi monga kachidindo bayinare, ndiponso ntchito pa iwo - kutumiza ndipo akatembenuka pozindikira kuchita masamu ndi ntchito zomveka zimagwiridwa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi otchedwa zipata, adders, mungaimitse-phidigu etc. Iwo amapanga stuffing luso kompyuta, komwe alipo mu makumi a zikwi za zinthu.

Kumangidwa zizindikiro kompyuta yaikulu wagawo 4: Cu - kulamulira wagawo, RAM ndi ROM - mfundo kukumbukira ndi kusunga mphamvu, ndi ALU - masamu mfundo wagawo, IOCTL - O chipangizo athandizira. Komabe, aliyense wa iwo kugwilizana ndi mamangidwe a maziko zomveka kompyuta. Ntchito ndondomeko kompyuta zikuphatikizapo potsegula mu RAM kapena ROM opaleshoni dongosolo, zolembedwa zizindikiro zapadera, awasungira pa makadi anakhomerera, matepi maginito, mbale maginito ndi kuwala ndipo ena TV. pulogalamu lakonzedwa kuti mpheto UU utuluke panopa kapena mudziwe ntchito ndi kupeza zotsatira analinganiza, mwachitsanzo, kusonyeza chithunzi pa polojekiti kapena digito zomvetsera chizindikiro kutembenuka, etc. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Cu amachita anasamutsidwa angapo a midadada zambiri pakati pa zipangizo zonse m'gulu kompyuta.

Waukulu "likulu" ndi kompyuta ALU - yoimba onse masamu ndi mfundo ntchito. Panopa ALU amachita ntchito chipangizo wotchedwa purosesa kapena microprocessor, umene ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chipangizo kukula kwa angapo matchboxes, chili ndi zosaneneka nambala ya ntchito. Pang'onopang'ono anawonjezera kuti microprocessor kulamulira ntchito zipangizo kunja - oyang'anira, osindikiza, etc. zochitika zaposachedwapa m'dera alola kulenga microprocessors lokhala mayunitsi zinchito makompyuta, kotero iwo anaonekera makompyuta osakwatiwa-Chip ndi m'thumba kukula zimaonetsa kompyuta zonse. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti maziko zomveka kompyuta cholinga kamodzi kwa chipangizo choyamba kompyuta, sizinasinthe mpaka lero.