Prominences - ndi ... protuberances woopsa kwambiri?

Nkhaniyi imafotokoza zimene wotchuka dzuwa kuposa n'koopsa anthu ndi wachinsinsi monga muyezo zimene.

dzuwa

Moyo padziko lathuli wakhalapo kwa zaka pafupifupi 4 biliyoni zaka, ndi zifukwa chifukwa chomwe chinayambira komanso apitiriza kukhala, nambala yaikulu. kutenthaku, mafuta zikuchokera m'mlengalenga, nthawi zingapo za dziko padziko nguli, mphamvu yokoka wake, ndipo ndithudi, mtunda ndi dzuwa. dziko ili mu otchedwa zone Choyala, kuti ali pa moyandikirana kwambiri dzuwa, amene akukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino mitundu yambiri. Ndipo chikuchitika ndi mapulaneti ali pafupi kwambiri nyenyezi yaikulu ya dongosolo, n'zotheka kuyang'ana pa chitsanzo cha Mercury - iye kwathunthu yopsereza kunja ndi kanthu.

Monga tikuonera, mfundo zonsezi zimapanga dongosolo chovuta kwambiri ndi ramified, zinthu zonse zimene ziyenera tikhalebe olimba ake wosakhwima, mbiri ya zamoyo padziko lathuli kupitiriza.

prominences

Komabe, pali zambiri zoonekeratu ndi zobisika zoopsa ungasoŵetse dongosolo zofunika muyezo. Ndipo dzuwa zambiri pali njira kuti kungakhale kovuta zoopsa zonse moyo ndi osati. Mwachitsanzo, otchedwa dzuwa kapena maginito mafunde. Kawirikawiri amadwala anthu meteosensitive ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Namondwe wosiyana ndi prominences dzuwa kusiya ndi kuthamangira mapulaneti yapafupi. Mwamwayi, ambiri a iwo sali kwakukulu kwambiri monga kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu. The prominences ndi oopsa, ndi ndichiyani? Izi ndi zimene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

tanthauzo

Prominences otchedwa wandiweyani condensation ozizira poyerekeza ndi ena chikhazikitso dzuwa. Zikafika kuchita amaukitsidwa pamwamba nyenyezi, namgwira iye apo ndi maginito ilipodi. Mwachidule, prominences - ndi akasupe chimphona zakuthupi otentha dzuwa, imene ikuchitikira ndi kukopa nyenyezi. Koma nthawi zina, makamaka pa nthawi ya amphamvu dzuwa plasma mitsinje ejected ku photosphere dzuwa ndi kuyenda mbali zonse, kuphatikizapo kwa lathuli. zodabwitsazi zimakambidwa ngati maginito kapena mphepo dzuwa.

mafotokozedwe

Munthu woyamba kutchulidwa sayansi prominences kugwirizana ndi kadamsana, komwe kunachitika mu 1185. Koma chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro kwa chida ndi chitukuko ofooka a maphunziro a sayansi astrophysics kutchuka idayamba cha m'ma XIX. Mu 1868, Per Zhansen, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano kumvera zodabwitsazi popanda kadamsana, anazindikira kuti alipo mu mkhalidwe gaseous.

Ndi chikhalidwe chawo, prominences - chinachake chimene tikhoza kuphunzira kokha ntchito zomwe a sayansi ndi luso patsogolo nthawi-sanaonetse ndi yokumba kuonerera Earth makina.

Iwo ali kuoneka bwino pa kadamsana dzuwa, wodzaza khalidwe. Pakuti zochitika amenewa unkachitika mwa zipangizo zapadera: Wochotsedwa telesikopu Zosefera coronagraph, telesikopu chromospheric ndi zina. Ngati tikulingalira ziyerekezo kwa prominences pa Dzuŵa litayamba, iwo amaoneka ngati mdima, ulusi elongated a osiyanasiyana makulidwe. Choncho prominences - chodabwitsa kuti ndi makinawa ochiritsira lokha pa okwana kadamsana zingaoneke.

Kuti zimenezi prominences dzuwa, ndipotu kumvetsa, tsopano kulingalira maganizo awo.

mitundu

Ngati ife kulankhula za maonekedwe a prominences - ndi nyumba wispy ofanana ndi ulusi kapena kuundana kwa madzi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komanso, iwo wangayo ndi kusintha mawonekedwe. Gawo lawo imagwiridwa ndi mbali zazikulu kapena morphological. Taonani gulu lawo ndi mtundu wa maonekedwe, zimaonetsa za lamulo la nkhani ndi liwiro:

• Bata. Iwo kanthu chimachititsanso pang'onopang'ono. mawonekedwe azisinthidwanso pang'onopang'ono. Ngati ife kulankhula za nthawi ya miyoyo yawo, ranges kuchokera masabata angapo miyezi ingapo. Pali M'madera a zitunda zonse heliographic. Nthawi zambiri iwo zingaoneke pafupi sunspots siteji mochedwa chitukuko. Kutentha ndi pafupifupi 15 000 madigiri Celsius.
• Yogwira. Chotero kutchuka chithunzi chimene Tingaone pansipa, yodziwika ndi kuti plasma umayenda kuchokera pansi kwa geyser photosphere ndi protuberance imodzi kusuntha kwina pa lalitali kwambiri liwiro. kutentha awo ndi 25,000 madigiri Celsius. Ndipo mwa njira, prominences zachangu anapanga kuchokera wosatekeseka, koma mu nkhani iyi, nthawi ya moyo wawo kwa mphindi zingapo kuti masiku.

• Eruptive. Ngati ife kulankhula za maonekedwe a protuberances kwambiri ngati amafanana yaikulu kasupe msinkhu wa makilomita oposa theka miliyoni pamwamba nyenyezi wathu. Mathamangidwe wa madzi ukufika makilomita zana pa ora, ndi mawonekedwe awo amasintha mofulumira. Pali sakhalitsa, ndi kuwonjezeka mu msinkhu pang'onopang'ono dissipate kwathunthu.
• Looping prominences m kuonekera mu mawonekedwe a mitambo yaing'ono pamwamba chromosphere lapansi. Childs, iwo m'kupita kuphatikiza mu mtambo waukulu, kenako limatulutsa kwa chromosphere otentha ndege mpweya. Pali zochitika amenewa kawirikawiri maola ochepa.

Kotero tsopano ife tikudziwa kuti ndi kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga dzuwa lili prominences ndi zomwe maganizo awo kumeneko.

Chiphunzitso cha maonekedwe

Ngakhale kuti ntchito dzuwa amaphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali, wogwirizana ndi wathunthu chiphunzitso, zomwe kufotokoza mfundo za kwa mawu prominences ndi zinthu zina zochitika onse ogwirizana, sichinafike. Mbali zonse izi zalongosoledwa ndi kanthu anzake a mphamvu za magetsi ndi maginito ndi mphamvu yokoka ya dzuwa.

Mipweya kutchuka bwino limafanana ndi wosanjikiza imene inakhalapo. Koma ndi zikuchokera mankhwala ndi yolimba ndi matenda a kuli chodabwitsa lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, sipekitiramu wa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi wa hydrogen prominences chete munzere ionized calcium. Mu omwe akugwirizana ndi sunspots, olemba bwino kwambiri mizere zitsulo zosiyana siyana.

Mfundo za kukhalapo yaitali mitundu ina zikusonyeza kuti mankhwala ali ndi mphamvu maginito nyenyezi. kopanda iri linatsimikizidwa popereka angapo kuzipenya spectroscopic.

kuopsa

Monga tanena kale, kukambirana kutchuka - mchitidwe yogwira wa chromosphere dzuwa ndi zina thupi. Makamaka ngozi ndi amene kusiya pamwamba ndi nkhosa nyenyezi mu mlengalenga interstellar. Modalira mphamvu, iwo akhoza kuletsa nthambi mu Earth mozungulira, ndipo ngakhale kupha ISS adalira. Wakwiya ndi magnetosphere a dziko lathuli, prominences komanso kupanga amphamvu mikuntho maginito zimene zimakhudza bwino kukhala anthu nyengo yovuta kwambiri, kusokoneza machitidwe kulankhulana wailesi ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana amagetsi. Mwamwayi, prominences, okhoza kusiya pamwamba Dzuwa ndi mavuto oterowo, n'zochepa kwambiri.

Koma tikawonetsetsa ndi kulingalira mozama njira Kalanga kwambiri pamene kutchuka adzakhala ndi chachikulu, iwo akhoza kuwononga mpweya wa dziko lathuli, kapena kuwononga moyo zonse konse.