Islam: ndi maholide (mndandanda). maholide Major wa Islam ndi miyambo

Asilamu, komanso m'zipembedzo zina, ambiri awo maholide, amene ali mbali ya uzimu ndi chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu. dzina Chiarabu tsiku limeneli - ndi ID, kutanthauza chinachake monga chonchi: ". kubwerera pomafika nthawi ina" Khalidwe la tchuthi lalikulu la Islam ndi mmene kukondwerera otsatira chikale wa chipembedzo wa Mtumiki Muhammad?

mfundo General

Pa iliyonse ya zikondwerero za Muslim kalendala okhulupirira, kumene, kupemphera. Komanso, kumbukirani okondedwa awo ndi kupempherera amene analowa dziko lina. Monga momwe Islam, maholide ayenera idzachitika m'deralo, kuti aliyense akhoza kumva nkhani mu Ummah.

Mosiyana Christianity, kumene kuli khumi ndi zitatu maholide lalikulu, Asilamu ndi awiri okha zochitika zimenezi zofunika: Eid al-Fitr ndi Eid al-Adha. Holide woyamba anapima kuti mapeto a positi, ndi wachiwiri anadzipereka nsembe. Izo chikondwerero pa Hajj, mwachitsanzo wopita ku Mecca. Monga kuyenera Fitr, ndilo lotchedwa Small tchuthi Adha amatchedwa Great kapena Wamkulu.

Onse a masiku awa chikondwerero, komanso ena onse achipembedzo maholide Chisilamu ndi chikondwerero malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi ndi kale anatengera mu Middle East. Likuvutika limafotokozera Chisilamu iyamba pa July 15, 622 BC. e. Pa tsiku limeneli Mneneri Muhammad anasamukira ku Mecca kuti Medina amatchedwa tsiku la Hegira. Muslim chaka chathunthu ali wamfupi kusiyana dzuwa kwa masiku 11. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chakuti maholide Chisilamu ndi Sichikupezeka masiku a kalendala ya Gregory, chimene chaka chilichonse amasuntha zikondwelelo awo a masiku khumi. Agwirizane mungoli izi, chaka chachitatu imatengedwa tumphatumpha chaka.

hegira

Hijra - ndi, mfundo, woyamba wa maholide, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu dera Muslim. Chikondwerero bungwe pa tsiku koyamba anayambika ndi mtsogoleri Omar. Koma kwenikweni ake ndi Chisilamu Chaka Chatsopano, kutsegula mwezi muhharam. Zimakwaniritsidwa holide imeneyi pambuyo patangotsala mwezi.

Chaka Chatsopano lililonse Muslim ophiphiritsa kusinthika kuchokera ku Mecca kuti Medina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kusiya machimo onse ndi zolephera zizolowezi zoipa zakale kuyamba moyo watsopano mogwirizana ndi chifuniro cha Mulungu.

kukumbukira Hussein

Ndi phwando la chikumbutso cha masiku khumi pambuyo Chaka Chatsopano cha Imam Hussein, mdzukulu wakale wa Mtumiki Muhammad. Iye anafa 61 Hijra mu nkhondo ndi asilikali a mtsogoleri Yazid. Iwo makamaka Shi'ite tsiku, si m'gulu maholide zikuluzikulu za Islam, mndandanda wa zomwe zili chomwechi magulu onse vnutriislamskih ndi zipembedzo. Pa tsiku lino, Shiites maliro, bungwe chionetsero wapadera osonyeza zochitika za Husayn T. D.

Eid al-Fitr

Fitr ndi yankho ku funso la chimene maholide Islam, wokondedwa kwambiri. Ndi kutha kwa wamkulu Chisilamu mwezi kusala a Ramadani. Miyambo wowerengeka, limatchedwanso holide maswiti. Monga tanena lero ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa zikondwerero ndi deuce, amene ali Islam. maholide amenewa amachedwa ang'ono ndi lalikulu limene Fitr - Small. Njirayi imatchedwa choncho chifukwa nthawi yake ndi masiku atatu, pamene yokondwerera lalikulu la Adha - masiku anayi.

Ndi Fitr zikondwerero ndi mosamalitsa. Pachikhalidwe pa nthawi ino kupita kukacheza. Chifukwa banja Chisilamu anakonza ambiri amachitira ndi kukongoletsa nyumba zawo. Monga Akristu pa Isitala, otsatira a Islam kupereka mphatso zina lililonse ndi makadi moni.

Other kuvomerezedwa mbali ya holide imeneyi - ndi chikondi. Ndi kuvomerezedwa Mabanja osauka ndi amene amapeza ndalama zochepa kusonkhanitsa zopereka holide sanali kuwapitirira ndi.

Pamene nthawi ifika kuswa kudya wokhulupirika amatchedwa pemphero. Mu maikowa, kumenya ng'oma, kumalengeza pa wailesi ndi televizioni, kuomba mfuti zawo mu mlengalenga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo akuyamba zosangalatsa. Chinthu choyamba chakudya modzichepetsa masiku, mkaka kapena madzi kusala linasokonekera. Anamaliza pemphero chakudya mwambo wotchedwa Maghreb. Zonse izi masiku atatu, palibe ntchito, osaphunzira. Aliyense kusangalala, kupereka mphatso, kulipira kudzacheza kukaona anzathu ndi achibale. Main chomwecho zosangalatsa iyamba pa tsiku loyamba masana ndi chakudya celebratory. Pambuyo monga zopita ku manda ndi kupemphera kwa akufa, kenako onse chimwemwe chonse ndiponso chikondwerero kumatenga masiku atatu.

Eid al-Adha

Adha - chikondwerero chachikulu, mtundu wa kuyitana khadi, chomwe chimayimira Islam. maholide Muslim makamaka sachoka kukumbukira anthu kapena zochitika zina za mbiri wopatulika. Ndipo Eid al-Adha m'pamene osati mapeto a Hajj, komanso zikondwerero losaiwalika zoyenera nsembe Isake mneneri Abrahamu. Lingaliro la nsembe yofunika chochitika, kotero Asilamu azipha nyama ya nsembe chikumbukiro iye. Iwo akhoza kukhala mbuzi, ng'ombe ndi ngamila ngakhale. Koma nthawi zambiri udindo uwu ankaimba ndi nkhosa.

Tsiku la kubadwa Mohammed ndi

maholide lalikulu la Islam, ndithudi, simungakhoze kuchita popanda chikondwerero cha kubadwa kwa tate, amene amatchedwa Arabic Milad An-Nabi. Pachikhalidwe lero imatengedwa 12 wa Arabic mwezi umodzi Rabia chikole. Anabadwa pa kalendala ya dzuwa (August 20) si n'komwe. Mark, iye sanatero yomweyo, koma pa Abbasid ulamuliro. Sacramental tanthauzo la tsiku ili ndi kukumbukira ndi kulemekeza chikumbukiro mneneri, kulankhula za chikondi chawo, kudzipereka ndipo phunzirani kwa mbiri ya maphunziro moyo wake.

kukwera usiku

Malinga ndi mwambo Muslim, Mneneri Muhammad usiku wina mphamvu lachinsinsi la Mulungu anamva zowawa mu Yerusalemu. Adamperekeza iye Jabr angelo (Gabriel) anamuonetsa monga kumwamba ndi gehena, ndiyeno anaonekera pamaso pa mneneri ndi Mulungu wa kudzulu chiwiri. The chifukwa cha vumbulutso ili anali kukhazikitsidwa kwa pemphero - mwambo pemphero zomwe ense mu Muslim wopembedza ayenera kuchita kasanu patsiku. Iwo akukondwerera 27 wa Rajab. Mosiyana ndi zina zambiri masiku chikondwerero chimene chiri Islam, maholide, akubadwa, ndi kukwera usiku Musapereke zosangalatsa wapadera. M'masiku mavesi ambiri anawerenga Koran ndi mapemphero anati. Dzina Arabic a holide - Laylat al-Mi'raj.

usiku wa mphamvu

Laylat al-Qadr - yosangalala usiku umene iye anakumbukira vumbulutso loyamba kwambiri wa Mtumiki Muhammad. Iwo akunena ndi woyera mwezi wa Ramadani manambala 27. Koma zoona tsiku lino pokhapo titachitapo chifukwa zoona zokhudza pamene chochitika zinachitika, sanakhale ndi moyo. Choncho, vuto la kusowa, izo zikhoza taonera aliyense wa usiku wa masiku khumi omaliza a Ramadani. Monga ulamuliro, chikondwerero akubwera kuyendera mzikiti ndi kupemphera usiku wonse.

wodala usiku

Izi usiku wina wapadera, limene limalimbikitsa chikondwerero Islam. Maholide ndi miyambo zomwe ndi zochokera kulemekeza chikumbukiro cha nkhani ya moyo Mtumiki, monga usiku ngati nthawi yapadera popempherera akufa. Iye anati mwezi isanayambe Ramadani, mu madzulo a 15 Sha'ban. Maziko mbiri ya holide imeneyi ndi nthawi kuti Mtumiki Muhamadi anakhala mu pemphero, kukonzekera positi kuti chaka chilichonse mu seclusion. Otsatira Islam ndikukhulupirira kuti usiku uno, lotchedwa mu Arabic Laylat al-Baraat, Mulungu amapereka malangizo kwa anthu onse amoyo: amene adzafa, ndi amene - moyo, amene machimo akhululukidwa, ndipo amene adzaphedwa temberero, ndi mu iyi. usiku kukonza wapadera mwambo chakudya ndi makandulo anayatsa.

maholide ena

Tatchulawa maholide - zofunikira dziko la chisilamu. Iwo amati pafupifupi aliyense amakhulupirira nthawi yomweyo. Koma pali zochitika kuti banja lililonse zikuchititsa payokha. masiku awa ali makamaka kubadwa, dzina kupereka, ndi zina zotero. D. Mwachidule kukhudza amenewa.

phwando losangalatsa

Pamene mwana wabadwa, n'zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa banja lonse. Mu dziko Muslim, mwambo umenewu ali ndi yowala mitundu achipembedzo. Choyamba, mwana ankaona kuti mphatso ya Mulungu, ndipo kachiwiri, nthawi yomweyo anayambitsa mu chipembedzo cha Chisilamu motere: choyamba pomwe khutu mwana kunong'ona wotchedwa adhan, kuti ndi kuitana pemphero, kuyambira ndi chilinganizo cha "Allah Akbar" ndiyeno kumanzere khutu kunong'onezana ICAM, kuti akumulamula kuimirira kwa pemphero. Choncho, mwana wakhanda mawu oyamba mu moyo wanu ali mawu akuti "Mulungu", umene uli wofunika kwambiri. Izi ndi chinamwali choyamba mu chikhulupiriro. M'tsogolo, komabe ndi mndandanda wa zinamwali.

Nsembe ndi maholide ena

Atabadwa mwana chofunika kubweretsa mphatso kwa Allah nyama yoperekedwa nsembe - wina asungwana ndi awiri anyamata. nyama ndi anagawira osowa ndi osauka.

Islam - chipembedzo, zomwe polemekeza maholide novrozhdennymi ambiri. mfundo zina ndi Dziwani Tahnik - odzozera mkamwa mwa makanda madzi ndi cholakalaka wa thanzi labwino; Akiko - mwambo bulashi wa mwana pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri atabadwa; anangotchula; Hitan - mdulidwe wa khanda mwamuna; Bismillah - kungotchula mwana wapadera kuziwerenga-chilinganizo ku Koran.

Pali maholide ena, masiku achipembedzo, utoto banja payekha. Koma sikelo yawo si choncho lalikulu kuti akhale pa iwo m'nkhani ino.