The zigawo za mlengalenga

Nthawi zina za mumlengalenga, nkhungu wosanjikiza ozungulira dziko lathuli, wotchedwa nyanja wachisanu. Nzosadabwitsa mutu wachiwiri ndege - ndege. m'mlengalenga ndi mipweya osiyana omwe chogwidwa ndi asafe ndi oxygen. Ndi chifukwa cha yamasika pa dziko zotheka moyo m'njira imene ife anazolowera. Kupatula izi, pali 1% ya m'nyanjazi ena. inert izi (kulowa mogwirizana mankhwala) mipweya, woipa sulfure, mpweya. Komanso mu nyanja wachisanu muli zosafunika makina :. Fumbi, phulusa, etc. zigawo zonse za m'mlengalenga mu okwana kuwonjezera pafupifupi 480 Km from pamwamba (deta zosiyana mfundo pamfundoyi idzafotokoza). Izi makulidwe chidwi ndipamene chosiyana kwambiri moti chishango kuteteza dziko ku cheza sichikupindulitsani dziko ndi chinthu chachikulu.

Pali zigawo zotsatirazi za m'mlengalenga: ndi troposphere, kenako stratosphere, mesosphere ndi mtsogolo, potsiriza, thermosphere. Ndondomeko pamwamba akuyamba pa padziko lapansili. Reentry ukufanizidwa ndi awiri. Iwo osasankhidwa mbali yaikulu ya zowononga cheza dziko.

Wosanjikiza pansi pa mlengalenga - ndi troposphere, chimafikira 12 Km okwera (18km mu kotentha). Pali anaikira 90% nthunzi Koma mitambo anapanga m'menemo. Ambiri mpweya nazonso anaikira pano. Onse wotsatira yozizira mpweya, kuyambira moyandikana padziko amalola dzuwa anasonyeza kuti kutenthetsa mpweya.

The stratosphere chimafikira pafupifupi 50 kuchokera ku pamwamba. balloons kwambiri nyengo "kusambira" mu wosanjikiza izi. Komanso apa kuwuluka mitundu ina ya ndege. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kulamulira kutentha ndi: mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 25 mpaka 40 kukafika akuyamba nyamuka kutentha. -60 digiri Celsius izo limatuluka pafupifupi 1. Ndiye pali kuchepa pang'ono kuti ziro, lomwe lili ndi kutalika kwa 55 Km. Chapamwamba malire - ndi wotchuka ozoni.

Komanso, pafupifupi 90 kuchokera mesosphere chimafikira. kutentha pano akutsikira zikuchepa. Pakuti yense mamita 100 chitunda pali kuchepa ndi madigiri 0,3. Nthawi zina amatchedwa gawo ozizira a m'mlengalenga. Mpweya kachulukidwe ndi otsika, koma ndi okwanira kulenga kukana kuti kugwa chammwamba.

Mpweya m'lingaliro ochiritsira kutsirizitsa pamalo okwera za 118 Km. Apa auroras wotchuka anapanga. Ayamba pamwamba dera thermosphere lapansi. Chifukwa X-ray ndi ultraviolet kunyezimira ali ionized mamolekyulu anthu ochepa mpweya ali m'deralo. pasukuluyi kulenga otchedwa ionosphere (nthawi zambiri m'gulu thermosphere choncho saona payokha).

Chirichonse pamwamba 700 Km, wotchedwa exosphere. Anthu ambiri mamolekyulu mpweya ndi wochepa kwambiri, kotero iwo kusuntha momasuka popanda akukumana kukana chifukwa mwansanga. Zimenezi zimathandiza anthu munthu kudziunjikira mphamvu lolingana madigiri 160 Celsius, pamene yozungulira kutentha ndi otsika. mamolekyulu mpweya amafalitsidwa pa exosphere buku malinga ndi misa yake, kotero aakulu awa lingapezeke mu wosanjikiza pansi. Kucheperachepera kutalika kukopa kwa dziko ndi sanathenso kugwira mamolekyulu, kotero dziko particles mkulu-mphamvu ndi cheza lipoti mamolekyulu mpweya patsogolo okwanira kusiya m'mlengalenga. Kudera limeneli limodzi, Alevi: akukhulupirira m'mlengalenga kwathunthu lidzasinthidwa zingalowe m'malo mwa malo pa okwera pamwamba 2,000 Km (nthawi zina ngakhale chiwerengero 10000 aonekera). Amapanga makina a dziko makina wina mu thermosphere lapansi.

manambala zonsezi zoyerekeza, kuyambira malekezero a zigawo mumlengalenga amadalira zifukwa zingapo Mwachitsanzo, ntchito dzuwa.