Chiphunzitso cha ufulu chilungamo ndi chikhalidwe

Lingaliro la chilungamo nthawi zonse zatenganso kwambiri pa anthu onse anthu, wokhala m'modzi siyana wofunikila abwino. Ndithudi, magulu osiyanasiyana chikhalidwe akuthandizira osiyana moyo zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo kumathandiza osiyana, koma wina osachepera chuma chuma ayenera amayenda onse popanda yekha. A Chiphunzitsochi Chilungamo Cholinga musanachite izi lingaliro m'malo ovuta kuti, pa dzanja limodzi, zofuna za Kugwirizana, ndi pa zina - ofanana.

kusatsatira imeneyi tanthauzo la chilungamo chikhalidwe chikwiyire kutsutsa kwa chuma bwino-mwaufulu ideologues. Iwo ankaona yabwino chikhalidwe yosemphana ndi mfundo msika, ndi ananenanso kuti zimatsutsana ndi mpikisano ndi ufulu. A Chiphunzitsochi Chilungamo, anabadwa mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo, kunali kufuna kuphatikiza moyenera awa mfundo mwakuwoneka kwakukulu. Anakhala maziko a chinthu choterocho mu nzeru pa ndale ndi chikhalidwe, monga lamanzere liberalism.

The Gawo ndi chilungamo kukhulupirika, anamvetsa monga disinterested ndi chilungamo Ndondomeko Kupeleka katundu zofunika pa maziko a Baibulo a masiku ano ndi abwino akale chiphunzitso cha mgwirizano chikhalidwe, ndi otchedwa "chophimba cha kusadziwa". Yotsirizira mawu otanthauza kuti chisankho opanga za kufalitsidwa chilungamo, ayenera choyamba Ayesetse kuteteza anthu pachiopsezo, chifukwa ayenera atsanulidwe vuto kuti iwo sankadziwa chimene udindo adzatenga m'njira yotani mudzamulandira. Mlembi wa lingaliro ili linali Dzhon Rolz. "A Chiphunzitsochi Chilungamo" - udindo wa mmodzi wa mabuku yaikulu kwambiri ya woganiza izi. "Kukonda kufanana si imayenera, ndi nzeru zachibadwa kwambiri zachilengedwe wa munthu wololera, - nzeru zapamwamba - lochitira atha kupirira pokha pokha kumene izo facilitates mavuto a anthu osauka."

Dzhona Rolza buku wafunsira mtsutso osati asayansi, komanso chitukuko cha ziphunzitso zatsopano m'munda ufulu wa anthu. Makamaka, zokometsera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi kumvetsera kwambiri kuti ufulu chikhalidwe ndi chitetezo. A Chiphunzitsochi Chilungamo, alinkuyanjanitsa malingaliro a ufulu ndi kufanana chikhalidwe, kwachititsa tanthauzo bwino ufulu wotero. "Ufulu" anabwera bwino osati monga ufulu wosankha boma, zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo kapena agwirizane ena magulu, komanso ali ndi ufulu chuma. Ndipo lingaliro la "ufulu kwa" zikuphatikizapo zigawo osati monga kumasulidwa ku ukapolo ndi kuzunza, komanso njala.

Lopita chiphunzitso ndi sankalimbana nafe kwambiri akafunsa kuti, ngati ufulu payekha okha zabwino anthu, ndipo akuyankha izo moyipa. Dzhon Rolz amakhulupirira kuti munthuyo anati ngakhale Immanuel Kant, sangakhale njira, koma cholinga yekha, ndi chifukwa cha ufulu wake ndi ufulu sangathe kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe bwino ndi mtendere. Komano, mndandanda wa ufulu payekha kuphatikizapo ufulu ndi chokwanira muyezo wa moyo, amene ayenera kupatsidwa ndi boma.

Ndi zolakwa zonse ndi chimadalira mfundo sikolala Harvard, mfundo yake yaikulu anali atatengedwa ndi olemekezeka jurists mayiko ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe. Ufulu wa munthu ndi indivisible, iwo amati, chifukwa anthu okhala mu kuopa wopondereza ndi anthu akukhala opanda chitetezo, anthu omwewo ndiwo amene akuvutika chifukwa cha kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Awo yaitali zinachitikira akutsimikizira bwanji pomwe Rawls. Lopita chiphunzitso akhala ofufuza apeza mchitidwe - kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu nthawi zonse kupanga vuto la umphawi ndi umphawi kumabweretsa kuphwanya wina ndi chiwawa. Aliyense wa ife ayenera mlingo chomwecho mwayi ndi khalidwe womwewo wa moyo.