Dizilo jenereta: kuyambira chiyambi mpaka ku nthawi ino.

Mbiri ya jenereta dizilo zimachokera ku m'ma XIX, koma lero zipangizozi ali otchuka komanso kufunika zopangira magetsi. Dizilo magudumu ali cholimba ndi yosafuna zambiri, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kuwonjezera, akhoza kuchepetsa katundu mzinda gululi. Ndi yabwino kubwerera mphamvu zoyendetsera zimene zingakhale zothandiza ndi dziko zing'onozing'ono, ndi malo mafakitale. Pankhani kumadera kumene kulibe mphamvu centralized, Akuchita ndipo akulephera popanda amagetsi dizilo.

magudumu Dizilo zinthu zamakono

Dizilo jenereta - mmera umene amapanga magetsi ndi moto mafuta. chipangizo Izi imakhala ndi injini dizilo ndi jenereta ya magetsi, nthawi ya ntchito zida anatsimikiza mafuta okha.

The kwambiri magudumu kufunika dizilo monga gwero mwadzidzidzi mphamvu magetsi kumene pofuna mosadodometsedwa mphamvu okwanira - zingakhale nyumba mafakitale, zipatala, mabanki ndi zina zotero. Ntchito magudumu dizilo ndi pa malo amenewa kumene mukufuna mphamvu zosakhalitsa - pa pomanga, malo kugula, maholo konsati boma ndi zina zotero. Komabe, magudumu dizilo amatha kusintha ndi DC mphamvu n'kofunika kwambiri makamaka zosiyanasiyana Maulendo, pa ma yatchi, kumidzi yakutali.

The magudumu dizilo kukopa ogula masiku ano? Nyota zida ngati kulemera: ndi yaying'ono, moyo wautali, dzuwa, kuchita mu lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana (-60 kwa + 60 ° C), otsika phokoso, zachilengedwe ubwanawe.

zamagetsi malo ano, kusiyana mwakhama kwambiri: kutukuka atsopano m'munda zimenezi zinachititsa kuti jenereta dizilo ndi pafupifupi abwino mphamvu gwero. Today okwerera dizilo monga mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane zamakono, ndi mkati injini kuyaka. Ntchito magudumu ikuchitika basi, pafupifupi popanda alowererepo anthu: Nchito zonse zikuchitika Kukhwimitsa kulamulira ndi mayendetsedwe kachitidwe.

zoyambitsidwa ambiri a m'zaka zapitazi lero si otchuka, otchuka. Koma si magudumu dizilo - anthu sanathe kupeza yotheka njira kuti zida izi. Padakali pano jenereta dizilo ndi kupezera mosadodometsedwa mphamvu okwanira pa mtengo wotsikitsitsa ndi kaya zinthu kunja.

Dizilo magudumu zana zapitazo

Anayambitsa jenereta dizilo ndi Rudolf Dizilo. Komabe, preconditions kwa zikamera pogwiritsa akhoza kunena kuti zaka 25 pamaso kutsegula nduna - mu 1831. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi Maykl Faradey koyamba kwa anthu ndi zinachitika jenereta - ndi koyilo wa waya mkuwa.

Kapangidwe Faraday anaphatikizapo koyilo mkuwa ndi maginito. The maginito imatulutsa magetsi anayamba atembenuza ndi maginito. Patapita kanthawi, anthu anapanga wakhala bwino: maginito kale mu malo n'kupuma, ndi koyilo zinasuntha momuzungulira. Chifukwa kayendedwe rotational nawonekera mosalekeza panopa.

Patapita zaka 70 ndi namatetule osadziwika ophatikizana kupezeka ndi injini dizilo Rudolph Dizilo ndipo analandira chipangizo limodzi, limene ife tsopano kuyitana jenereta dizilo.

Dizilo mkati kuyaka injini, ndi

Ntchito pa mtundu chosintha latsopano injini Rudolf Dizel anapezerapo mu 1890. Ndiye kuti chiphunzitso anali akufuna, imene inali kunena kuti dzuwa injini angathe bwino ngati mafuta ndi jekeseni yamphamvu ndi kale mpweya wothinikizidwa. Mwa njira, injini dzuwa la 12% (Kutulukira Nikolaya Otto) pa nthawi imeneyo ankaonedwa ntchito pachimake. Dizilo analoseranso chilengedwe Chake dzuwa la 70%, amene, ndithudi, anali kupanga kuwaza.

Okhala ndi injini Rudolf Dizilo zinali mu 1892. mu Choyamba amayenera ntchito ngati fumbi mafuta khala Komabe zatsopano asonyeza, izo sizinali njira yabwino. Malasha fumbi linasintha ndi zinthu zochepa, ndipo kokha pang'ono mwayeretsa mafuta anamuzindikira ngati mafuta abwino: Dizilo chakuti kuzindikira dongosolo lake.

Choncho, choyamba dizilo injini, amene matani angapo unakhazikitsidwa mu 1893. Opitirira zaka 3, wolemba wangwiro chilengedwe chake, ndipo mu 1897 injini wayamba. Ngakhale kuti dzuwa la zinali 27 osati 70%, mu masiku amenewo linali chifukwa umboni.

ana awo dzina lake Rudolf Dizilo matenthedwe injini zachuma, koma atamwalira wasayansi ndi anadzatchedwa chipangizo: kwa 1913 kuti anali "dizilo mkati kuyaka engine."

Dizilo mphamvu njira ku ungwiro

Poyamba injini dizilo ntchito njira n'kupuma pa ngalawa. The brainchild cha Dizilo sitinganene kuti chilengedwe, chifukwa zofooka zina, nchifukwa chake dera ntchito zida dizilo anali mwachilungamo yopapatiza. Only za zaka zapitazo, pamene atulukira uwiri - injini dizilo ndi jenereta ya magetsi - tinaikidwa pamodzi, jenereta dizilo wakhala akufunafuna mwakhama bwino.

Kuŵeta magudumu dizilo chinkhoswe mu makampani awiri: Komatsu (America) ndi Perkins. Izi makampani masiku ano padziko lonse kuti atsogoleri m'munda wa kupanga mphamvu dizilo.

Mu 20s Mu zaka zapitazo panali dizilo makhazikitsidwe kufamuwa mu America ndi ku Ulaya, ndiye iwo tcheru ku mafakitare ang'ono kuti magetsi zofunika zonse.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, magudumu angapo dizilo ceded utsogoleri mafakitale grids mphamvu. Komabe, lero iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati malo, ndipo nthawi zina ndiwo magetsi. Komanso, kusintha kwa zipangizo ndi zitsanzo kupitirirabe ndipo panopa zomera dizilo akukhala kwambiri zinchito, wodalirika yaying'ono. Makamaka otchuka ali pakati pa anthu amene amafunika mphamvu mosalekeza zinthu zonse.