Theka-Pulezidenti dongosolo - mfundo ndi makhalidwe

State monga limagwirira malamulo angapo a makhalidwe, mwa womwenso mu mawonekedwe a board. gulu limeneli ndi kukhalapo kwa zigawo ziwiri zazikulu - ndi monarchies komanso mayiko.

Category "Republic" Nayenso lagawidwa aphungu, Pulezidenti ndi kusakaniza. Theka-Pulezidenti dongosolo - ndi maganizo boma, kuphunzira amene amafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Ndipo pofuna kumvetsa chimene icho chiri, m'pofunika kuganizira makhalidwe ake zikuluzikulu ndi mitundu.

Kodi theka-Pulezidenti dongosolo?

Republic monga mawonekedwe a boma anatsimikiza ndi mosadziwika mphamvu ya anthu a dziko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matupi apamwamba onse a ulamuliro boma (malamulo ndi mtsogoleli wadziko) adzasankhidwa ndi mzika za dziko. Komabe, malingana amene ndipamene boma, ndipo zimadalira mtundu wa Republic. Pakati pawo ndi dongosolo theka-Pulezidenti.

gulu Izi ambiri limati ya kusintha kwa ndale, koma angayambe m'mayiko ndi miyambo khola demokalase.

Mbali kwambiri khalidwe ndi wosanganiza Republic:

1. Kusankhidwa ndi mwachindunji otchuka voti, ndi Pulezidenti ndi aphungu anyumba yamalamulo.
2. Aphungu ndi mutu wa boma amanenedwa ndi mphamvu pafupifupi zofanana lolamulira dziko.
3. Boma amapereka lipoti yamalamulo, koma ali ndi udindo zonse zochita zake kwa Pulezidenti, chimene chiri mochitika mutu wa thupi wamkulu.
4. Udindo wa Nduna ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a Purezidenti wa Management.
5. limagwirira A la "macheke ndi sikelo", imene Nyumba yamalamulo ili yoyenera kulekeza boma nawonso, osankhidwa mutu wa boma - poyankha kufotokoza palibe wofunika voti ndi kupasuka aphungu. Komanso boma tachokamo yekha ndi Nduna, koma osati ndi pulezidenti.
6. Arbitrator, Constitutional Court amachita mu mgwirizano pakati pa matupi awiri wapamwamba wa mphamvu ya boma.

Malinga ndi mmene inu anagawira mphamvu pulezidenti ndi nyumba yamalamulo mitundu iwiri ya dongosolo theka-Pulezidenti - ndi theka-theka.

Theka theka-Pulezidenti dongosolo, zitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga za chamoyo amene ali France ndi Poland, potengera udindo kumatheka ya Pulezidenti m'boma. Malinga ndi ena olemba, mtundu ndi zina kwambiri m'mayiko kwambiri udindo wa Pulezidenti monga mtsogoleri wa fuko ndi zimene otchuka njira kusintha kwa lipabliki aphungu kwa tingachipeze powerenga mutsogoleli wadziko. Tikumbukenso kuti mawonekedwe a boma chibadidwe maiko CIS, mwachitsanzo, Russian Federation, ndi Republic of Belarus, Ukraine.

Theka-aphungu theka-Pulezidenti dongosolo ndi ambiri m'mayiko imene njira ndi "Kukwezeleza ndi yamalamulo amphamvu" ndi mapangidwe lipabliki aphungu. Pankhaniyi, aphungu anapatsidwa ndi mtundu wina wa voti wopanda chikhulupiriro: pa nomination wa voti osiyana ndi nduna (Uruguay) kapena Nduna yayikulu, kusonyeza m'malo kotheka (Germany).

Choncho, dongosolo theka-Pulezidenti ndi wapadera Transitional boma yodziwika ndi lolimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono wa yamalamulo kapena mutsogoleli wadziko. Nthawi zina mawonekedwe boma molakwika amati ndi mitundu wosanganiza (kapena atypical) a Boma.

Obwerawa boma.

Monga tanenera kale, mtundu wa boma lili ndi mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri - boma lachifumu ndipo Republic. Komabe, kusiyana kwa mabungwe a boma ndi mbiri anakhazikitsa njira ya kasamalidwe kuonetsetsa wapadera - mitundu wosakaniza ndi boma. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu mafumu ndi mabwalo a Republican ndi monarchical ndi zizindikiro.

Mafumu ndi zinthu Republican mitundu zotsatirazi:

1. Kusankidwa ufumu - Pankhaniyi kazembe amasankhidwa pa maziko onsewo. Chitsanzo ndi United Arab Emirates ndi Malaysia.
2. A ufumu oyendetsera dziko limene mfumu analandira mphamvu ndipo ndicho nthumwi ya boma ndi boma akuluakulu kusankhidwa ndi anthu - Mwachitsanzo ndi United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden. Komabe, kusankha mtundu uwu mu mawonekedwe a boma wosanganiza ndi zofunika kukambirana.

Republic ndi zinthu monarchist kuperekedwa mu mndandanda:

1. Superpresidential - mutu wa boma ali de A facto mphamvu mu boma lachifumu mtheradi. Chitsanzo chimodzi Korea North
2. The Republic Chisilamu la - zinthu mafumu zopezeka kusamvera chifuniro cha mutu wa mphamvu yauzimu. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi Iran

Theka-Pulezidenti dongosolo, zitsanzo ndi makhalidwe omwe anapereka pamwamba, ndi mtundu wa boma, amene amalola popanda chisokonezo wapadera yapachiweniweni kusuntha kwa mtundu wina wa boma lina. Pankhaniyi, makonzedwe malamulo a dziko lino dziko, kupereka umayenda ndi kumbali ya kusintha.