Maganizo uphungu. Njira chilango maganizo. Center kuti tikonzedwe maganizo

Choyamba, tiyeni chimatanthauza mfundo za kuwerenga maganizo. Kwenikweni - sayansi ya moyo. Psychology ngati chilango palokha anakhazikitsa okha atumwi wotsiriza, atalandira ndi m'munsi experimental ndi zachilengedwe maziko thupi.

Kodi kuwerenga maganizo mu moyo ano?

Ndi sayansi akhoza anakumana osati monga mwambo wa sayansi komanso kukumana naye mu mapulogalamu magazini mafashoni, wailesi ndi televizioni mu mawonekedwe a mayesero maganizo, ayamikira wotchuka zamaganizo mabanja, amalonda ndi zina zotero. N.

Mu chimango cha makono moyo anthu zamaganizo ali ndi matanthauzo angapo. Ali:

1. Othandiza ntchito - kuthandiza kuthetsa mavuto enieni poyerekezera ndi ntchito mafakitale, zovuta za moyo, kusankha olondola a ntchito, kuti azolowere timu, banja; kuphunzira njira ufulu Ngopambana, anzawo, atumiki, achibale.
2. Kukhala ndi udindo - kugwiritsa ntchito akudziŵa maganizo kwa iye kudzera kudziletsa kuonerera, akatswiri maganizo zida (mwachitsanzo, mayeso).
3. General chikhalidwe ntchito - ndi katswiri a zikhalidwe zosiyana kudutsa kupeza chidziwitso maganizo (ntchito za asayansi otchuka zoweta ndi achilendo).
4. Ongolankhula gawo - kuphunzira mavuto ofunika.

zamaganizo Social anthu chi

M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, anthu a anasamuka ku mkhalidwe euphoria, Poyembekezera kugwirizana ndi ziyembekezo yabwino ponena za sayansi ndi luso patsogolo (STP), boma la kukhumudwa otchedwa (masomphenya weniweni wa kukumana ndi mavuto amene amadza chifukwa cha patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso).

Woyamba zotsatira - zikusiyana a chidziwitso umunthu ndi luso. Izi makamaka noticeable mu ntchito ya akatswiri luso. Iwo anali akukonzekera zinthu mwadongosolo luso ndi kupanga. Nzeru imeneyi katswiri, komanso luso lake, luso, kuzindikira za mdziko ndi kuwerenga maganizo, lolunjika yekha kuthetsa mavuto luso. Technicism akuwonetseredwa mu ntchito mtheradi aliyense ano akatswiri lolingana chidziwitso chofunika ndi njira. A chifukwa cha ichi kusamutsidwa wa Munthu ayenera wamba kwa anthu onse. A yosonyezera ndondomeko pamwamba ndi chitukuko yoopsya ya zinthu zachilengedwe ndi asilikali Masiku ano.

Mwa sayansi zosiyanasiyana inkachitika munthu, zofunika kwambiri amamangiriridwa ku sociological ndi zaumunthu, mu kuwerenga maganizo makamaka chikhalidwe. Izo idzathandiza kuti neutralization wa tatchulawa njira luso ndi za nkhani dziko. chidziwitso Social zidzatithandiza kuona mozama ndi zovuta za Chiyanjano chenicheni anthu.

Professional ntchito Mwachitsanzo, katswiri (Wasintho kafukufuku, chidziwitso ndi ena.) - si mwachindunji chokha pokhudzana ndi chinthu kuti kusanthula (makina, zipangizo zamakono, kapangidwe), komanso moyo kulankhulana anthu (kupatula cholinga, posankha zochita, palinso mgwirizano zoimira gulu ndi zolinga, luso kuthetsa kusamvana kwapakati pa-mtima chofanana). Zonsezi kumasonyeza inayake kulankhulana lotha, napempha zomangamanga wapadera wa umoyo maganizo nzeru ndi chikhalidwe, umene ayenera kukhala pa maphunziro.

Moyo Psychology (ngati sayansi ya moyo) ayenera kuthandiza anthu masiku ano, pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi umisiri kusintha mu mbali umoyo maganizo ndi anthu.

Chikhazikitso cha Psychology Human

Munthu - anthu ena ndi zinthu chibadidwe wapadera (mtundu wa anthu).

Aliyense akudziwa mawu akuti: "Munthu wobadwa ndi munthu amakhala." Mwachitsanzo, khanda - ndi munthu, koma osati chizindikiro cha wina. Ngati zinthu zabwino adzakhala analenga padziko icho, icho kukula ndi izo. Koma pali sizim'chitikira: ana oleredwa kunja kwa anthu (wosadziwa chilankhulo ndi ambiri amavomereza Zamakhalidwe), nthawi zambiri musalekane pa gulu la munthu. Kapena anafotokozedwa monga anthu munthu kukhala ndi moyo vegetative; osati interoperable (chifukwa nthenda ya kumtundu kapena mtundu wina wa choipa). Nkhawa sanali munthu ndi wakupha siriyo, maniacs ndi zina sociopaths psycho- ndi.

Khalidwe - ndi maphunziro moyo (dongosolo) asayansi akamanena chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa anthu dziko leni leni monga Converter yogwira ndi kudziwa cholinga ya nkhaniyo.

Khalidwe - umunthu mu m'maganizo ake onse (osakaniza katundu munthu ndi munthu chimene chimasiyanitsa munthu wina kwa mzake). Izo zikhoza kuonekera limatchula za maganizo, kapena maganizo, kapena chifuniro, kapena zonse mwakamodzi.

profpsihologiya ndi chiyani?

Izi nthambi yatsopano ya zamaganizo ntchito, zomwe adaphunzira dongosolo la mapangidwe adzadziwire mu chimango cha malangizo oyamba, ndi phenomenology wa professionalization, akatswiri kukhalanso wa kulunjika ndi ndalama maganizo a ndondomeko imeneyi.

Pafupifupi moyo aliyense ntchito akatswiri malo ofunika. Ndi kubadwa kwa makolo mwana wake kale kuyamba kuganizira za tsogolo lake pamene kuona zizoloŵezi ndi zinthu.

Pamaso akamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, monga ulamuliro, pali vuto ponena za kusankha ntchito m'tsogolo. Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri sukulu osankhidwa mosintha. Pa chiphaso cha Achinyamata ambiri pamwamba vuto si anatsimikiza definitively. Ambiri adzakhumudwa posankha kale pa 1 chaka cha kuphunzira, ena - chiyambi cha ntchito, ndi wachitatu - patapita zaka zingapo ntchito pa ndani. Professional Psychology - makampani amene akhala akuphunzira regularities mu mapangidwe zolinga, kusankha ntchito, achidziwe icho.

chabe - mogwirizana ndi munthu wa ntchito. Research Center - profrazvitie umunthu, akatswiri kukhalanso.

njira yeniyeni kusanthula zochokera mapangidwe profpsihologii:

• akatswiri psychobiography;
• zochitika yovuta;
• proforientirovannoy graphology;
• Chilema Luso;
• retrospection akatswiri mavuto;
• chinyezimiro akatswiri mapindikidwe ndi ena.

Kutanthauzira kwa lingaliro la "uthenga maganizo"

Iwo imatsogoleredwa ndi zina maganizo mpheto nyumba, ikuchitika pofuna kutukula zonse za munthu, komanso ntchito zake zonse-kunachitika.

Mawu amenewa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito 70s ndi (panthawi imene zamaganizo anayamba mwakhama nachita misala, monga ulamuliro, gulu). Ngakhale nthawi zonse kutsegula kukambirana pa nkhaniyi ndi nkhani n'zotheka kuchita zamaganizo zachipatala (misala) zochita umene Ndipotu zinakonzedwa chifukwa mapangidwe woyambirira wa maganizo komanso zotheka. Ndi nthawi zonse chifukwa kutsimikiziridwa. Komabe, misala - makamaka mankhwala ntchito. Iye akhoza kuthana yekha ndi anthu ndi maphunziro apamwamba mankhwala. - maganizo kudzudzulidwa dokotala amakhala misala ndi zamaganizo: Mogwirizana ndi izi kusiyana tacit polima. mafunso onse yemweyo, amene ikukhudzana bwanji ndi misala ndi chilangizo (maganizo), ndi lotseguka pa mphindi.

Analandira kupereka mfundo ziwiri maganizo pa mfundo iyi:

1. Full adzadziwire taonazi limaphunzitsa. Koma zimenezi si n'komwe kuti kukonzedwa (maganizo) ngati mpheto lotsogozedwa ndi anazindikira osati yochizira matenda (zitatu ntchito m'madera chachikulu: misala, kukhazikitsa ndi psycho-prophylaxis), komanso m'mbali zina, mwachitsanzo mu pedagogy. Ngakhale tsiku ndi tsiku unkagwiritsidwa kumatikumbutsabe ake.

2. Malangizo (maganizo) cholinga mavuto psychoprophylaxis (pamisinkhu zonse), ndipo makamaka pa ndi wotsatira kupewa sekondale. Koma izi chiletso okhwima a kuchuluka kwa ndondomeko mu funso ukufanizidwa, titero, yokumba: ndi neuroses bwino chimatanthauza mawu monga kukonzedwa maganizo, chithandizo, kapewedwe, mankhwala sizingatheke chifukwa gwero lachisokonezo - matenda, kunachitika mphamvu (Sizotheka younikira siteji ya chisanadze matenda matenda ndi ndondomeko chithandizo makamaka tichipeza kupewa sekondale).

Komanso, tsiku, mwa dongosolo la konzanso zochizira matenda ambiri Integrated njira imeneyi amaganizira kukhalapo mu etiopathogenesis zinthu chikhalidwe, kwachilengedwenso ndi maganizo, onse omwe amafunika chithandizo kukonza kapena mpheto, zoyenerera ndi chilengedwe chake. M'njira imeneyi chinthu maganizo pa matenda ena ankamuona ngati etiologic kudzudzula wake akatswiri kwakukulukulu chikugwirizana ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zimenezo ndondomeko chithandizo, ngati misala.

Kukhazikitsa dongosolo ndi ponena za ubwenzi taonazi mfundo nosology Sutha. Ntchito ya mavuto amaganizo mu chimango cha etiopathogenesis matenda amachititsa ena njira lathu psychotherapeutic kwa kuthetsa ntchito, kuti amatilola kuzindikira njira ya kukonzedwa maganizo ndi misala.

Kuyerekezera chilango maganizo ndi phukusi maganizo

Zotsatira - kufanana zoonekeratu. Kulungamitsa cholakwa (maganizo), komanso alowererepo maganizo, ankamuona ngati cholinga maganizo amadza anazindikira muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zochita za anthu ndi ikuchitika kudzera m'maganizo.

Onse amachita ntchito yofanana. Mu mabuku yachilendo kwambiri wamba chiphunzitso cha "alowererepo maganizo", ndi zoweta - ". Kudzudzulidwa maganizo"

Njira chilango maganizo

Iwo osiyanasiyana, iwo akhoza wachinsinsi salembedwa, zochokera njira zawo zenizeni zofunika:

1. khalidwe (zolakwika ndi kutengedwa monga mfundo za behaviorism: misala ndi maganizo kudzudzulidwa imakhudzana ndi kufunika kulenga mulingo woyenera luso mtima makhalidwe; osiyanasiyana matenda maganizo ofunitsitsa khalidwe maladaptive).

Apa amagwiritsa ntchito, sipangakhalenso ziri zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• kontrobuslovlivaniya (kusiyana zoipa kulimbitsa kugwirizana pakati pa mayankho ndipo zikuchitika, ndipo (kapena) m'malo ake ndi wina watsopano (kuchita ntchito zamaganizo njira monga kuphatikiza mmene ndi zosangalatsa zinthu zosasangalatsa wodwala kapena mosinthanitsa);
• njira operant (ntchito dongosolo mphoto zofunika, monga kanthu madokotala a);
• njira zochokera maganizo sotsiobihevioristov (ulaliki wa dokotala chitsanzo zoyenerera khalidwe).

2. Ntchito (kudzudzulidwa wapadera ndi kukonza njira yophunzirira, umene - kasamalidwe ndi ulamuliro wa kunja ndi yofunika ntchito).

3. cognitivist (maziko - chiphunzitso zomwe chizindikiro cha gululo ngati nyumba zenizeni chidziwitso, ntchito "constructors munthu, kulola kuyika malingaliro patsogolo okhudza dziko).

4. PSYCHOANALYTIC (chithandizo kudziwa mtima chikomokere zimayambitsa zokumana nazo kwambiri zizindikiro chowawa kuphunzira ndi).

5. existential-a anthu (zochokera nzeru za existentialism).

6. Gestalt mankhwala (kubwezeretsa kupitiriza kwa maganizo a anthu).

7. Psychodrama (mawerengeredwe mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zisudzo zisudzo gulu, akufuna wodwala, ndi yochokera ku zochitika zenizeni za moyo wake kapena nkhani loto lake).

8. Thupi zochokera (zochokera "Vegetoterapiya" dongosolo W. Ulamuliro wa Nazi, "ukufalikira minofu zida" imene kenako amathandiza munthu kumasula mphamvu ndipo limatanthauza kuti magawowa mavuto ake).

9. Psychosynthesis (boma-umunthu mbali yofunika - umunthu osiyana mwa munthu aliyense, amene m'kupita kwa mankhwala wodwala akukumana ndi amaphunzira iwo ku yeniyeni "Ine").

10. Transpersonal (kuthandiza wodwala kukumana ndi mwini atakomoka ndi zogwirizana zinamuchitikira moyo kupyola mu ntchito "holotropic kupuma" njira).

njira psychodiagnostics

Iwo ali motere:

1. Malo (kupereka phunziro ndi mndandanda wa mafunso ndi maweruzo).
2. njira mafunso matenda amaganizo (kupempha phunziro la mafunso m'kamwa).
3. Kwabasi (ntchito kwaiye dongosolo mayeso kapena kutanthauzira kwa mafano awo idzatha).
4. Kulengedwa (potsatira njira pamwamba).
5. njira mwachikulu mpheto matenda amaganizo (chifaniziro mu mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zenizeni anathana ntchito mayeso).

Zolinga psychocorrection mwana

Monga mbali ya kuwerenga maganizo dziko, iwo anapereka malamulo a kumvetsa maganizo a zamoyo wa mwanayo mwakhama kukulitsa ntchito ndondomeko, amene akuyendera mgwirizano ndi munthu wamkulu.

zolinga maganizo kusintha anapanga pamaziko a:

• kukhathamiritsa wa zinthu zokhudza chitukuko anati;
• mapangidwe zaka maganizo dongosolo latsopano;
• chitukuko zosiyanasiyana zochita za mwanayo.

Pali malamulo amene ayenera kutsatira mfundo pansi zolinga kuganizira kudzudzulidwa, akuti:

1. Iwo ayenera kukonza m'njira zabwino.
2. maganizo mankhwala zolinga ayenera musayembekezere zokwanira.
3. Iwo kwenikweni monga Zoneneratu chitukuko panopa ndi tsogolo la mwanayo kwa younikanso mwadongosolo mapulogalamu ndende.
4. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ana a maganizo kusintha amapereka zotsatira kwambiri okha patapita nthawi yaitali (ku njira ya mankhwala, mpaka kumapeto, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo).

Ntchito akatswiri lathu ndende ndi osauka wa aphunzitsiwo zamaganizo bungwe odzipereka likukhudza subgroup, gulu ndi mitundu munthu ntchito. Psychological kudzudzulidwa ndi chitukuko cha mwana ndi mtundu wina anatsimikiza malingana makhalidwe ake (azikhala mavuto maganizo, zaka, ndi mlingo wa zinthu kuzindikira Al.).

Pulogalamu ya kukonzedwa maganizo a achinyamata ndi retardation maganizo

Education umoyo-yoyenera khalidwe - chofunika kwambiri pedagogy ndende. Pulogalamu ya kukonzedwa maganizo a khalidwe la ana ndi retardation maganizo kovuta chifukwa chakuti pakalipano zokha wofooka, chitukuko chofunika, makamaka psychophysiological khalidwe njira m'munsi (affective-volitional umunthu).

Chifukwa disharmony wa homeostasis maganizo - ndi pachimake oziziritsa kulephera, retardation chitukuko ya ubongo. Choncho, kudzudzula khalidwe - kachitidwe ofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi achinyamata ndi retardation maganizo. Kuyenera umalimbana kuchepetsa aukali ana ndi kuphunzitsa iwo chokwanira umoyo amauyanja. khalidwe.

Iye ankachita nawo mabungwe apadera Mwachitsanzo, pakati pa kusintha maganizo "malo kulankhula za bungwe banja." Mfundo zofunika kwambiri za ntchito yake - mlandu digirii ndi mitundu ya chitukuko maganizo a mwanayo.