Ziwiri sitiroko injini. Mfundo ntchito

Masiku ano, pali pang'ono anadabwa aliyense mu Kutulukira ichi monga injini kuyaka mkati. Mamiliyoni a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ntchito kwa chamoyo awo. Chosavuta atayamba mtundu uwu mu zaka za m'ma 19, koma chifukwa cha kufunika kwa kulenga ano ndi kothandiza limagwirira, amene kuyendetsa chipangizo luso. Poyamba, anali zolakwa ambiri ndi dzuwa linali otsika kwambiri. Kenako, lasintha zosiyanasiyana, akhala bwino ndipo tsopano tili ndi mwayi kugwiritsa ntchito chidali chifuniro cha ichi. Mu makamaka ntchito yomanga njinga yamoto.

Ziwiri sitiroko injini, komanso ndi injini ina - ndi mtima wa sayansi. Kaya mtundu, ntchito yake yaikulu - awonetsetse njira kayendedwe chikugwirizana thereto. Pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa chimene chimaoneka ndi kumene kulowa, koma ntchito, sindikumvetsa zonse. Tsopano kuyesetsa kumvetsa funso limeneli.

The makina njinga zamoto zamakono zili ndi chiwerengero kusiyana ndi akuluakulu ndi:

• njira ya mkombero opaleshoni

Pali yachinai ndi ziwiri sitiroko injini. Yotsirizira yodziwika ndi pafupifupi kawiri mphamvu ndi yofanana ndi mnzake zinayi yamphamvu. Koma ntchito imeneyi akuti ndi umasinthasintha kwambiri. Choyamba, iwo ndi dzuwa wotsika. Choncho, ntchito mapangidwe kumene kulemera kuwala, kukula ndi mtengo-mogwira funso sikuthandiza mu mafuta. Izi zimapangitsa ngati aggregates abwino ntchito njinga zamoto, maboti kuwala galimoto, trimmers, macheka unyolo, etc.

• njira kuzirala

injini mwina mpweya kapena madzi utakhazikika. Polingalira za kukula yaing'ono ya injini awiri sitiroko ndi ankathandiza ndi mpweya utakhazikika. Mu chipangizo onse umalimbana kuchepetsa kulemera kwake.

• voliyumu

buku Large amapereka zambiri mphamvu.

Motors anayi ali otchuka, ndalama, zipatso, koma moto ndi zambiri ntchito ndi injini awiri sitiroko. Zimenezi ndi chifukwa makamaka galimoto kapangidwe kuphweka, otsika ake kulemera, otsika mafuta. Mfundo zoipa chikukhudzana chakuti kudzazidwa osakwanira wa osakaniza kuyaka. nuance Izi amagwirizana ndi osauka kuyeretsa yamphamvu kuchokera osakaniza utsi mpweya.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya injini awiri sitiroko zochokera yochepa mkombero opaleshoni, lomwe limapezeka pa kasinthasintha umodzi wa crankshaft lapansi.

Pa gulu m'mwamba kuchokera pansi akufa malo (BDC) pamwamba pakati akufa (TDC), ndi pisitoni amalenga zingalowe, amene amaonetsetsa mwa kundipatsako kwa crankcase wa osakaniza mafuta mpweya. Pa mfundo imeneyi mafuta combustor amaperekedwa ndi compressing (osakaniza). Lotsatira, pamwamba pakati akufa ndi magetsi ntchito osakaniza zambiri ndi pisitoni amasuntha kunsi ku BDC.

Modern awiri sitiroko injini si wosiyana kwambiri kuchokera akalambula ake, mogwirizana ndi izi okwanira dera atsopano mafuta Kusakaniza ndi linanena bungwe migodi amapezeka pafupifupi mofanana mu mayunitsi deta.

Tsopano tiyeni tione njira ina - valavu injini ndi "mbale" mtundu.

Pa gulu la pisitoni pansi mu crankcase ukuwonjezeka kuthamanga, lomwe limathandiza kuti kutseka valavu poppet. Pa nthawi iyi, pisitoni amapereka kutsegula kwa madoko utsi, ndi zinathera ntchito osakaniza mawonekedwe mpweya utsi amalowa wolandila lapansi. Sitepe yotsatira kwa pisitoni cha BDC ndi Kupezeka kwa madoko scavenging, amene adza mtengo watsopano wa osakaniza kuyaka. Ziwiri sitiroko injini akupitiriza ntchito yake. The mkombero akubwerezedwa kupereka njinga yamoto magalimoto.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito kwa injini awiri sitiroko zipangitsa yaitali yokumba njinga yamoto, pamene dongosolo yosavuta lilibe zinthu zambiri. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi zifukwa zambiri (kaya osauka khalidwe mafuta kapena mafuta), ndi mphamvu zokwanira kulimbana ndi maudindo ake.