Chenjezo. Features tcheru. Makhalidwe onse chidwi

Zingakhale n'zosatheka kukhala moyo waphindu ndi cholinga cha ndondomeko maganizo popanda kuganizira kwambiri chinthu anazindikira kapena chodabwitsa. Munthu akhoza kuyang'ana pa chinthu kuti ali pafupi, ndipo sanadziwe kapena kudzitengera zoipa. Kumbukirani, pamene ndinu otanganidwa ndi maganizo awo kwambiri kumizidwa kudzipenda, sindikumvetsa akamanena za zokambirana imachitika pafupi, ngakhale mawu kumveka ukufika kumva thandizo lanu chowunikira.

Pali nthawi zina kuti munthu sangathe kumva ululu, ngati chidwi chili pa chinachakenso. Makhalidwe chidwi mu kuwerenga maganizo zatenga malo kwambiri kufufuza, chifukwa kuyamika ndondomeko izi chidziwitso amapereka ntchito lokhalamo anthu ena onse. ndicho chodabwitsa maganizo otani?

tanthawuzo

Asayansi, zamaganizo chimatanthauza chidwi monga ndondomeko maganizo, yodziwika ndi malangizo ndi ndende ya kutsitsimuka anthu pa chodabwitsa chilichonse, chinthu kapena ntchito. Kodi zikutanthauzanji njira? Izi kusankha mutu, mwa zinthu zina zambiri. Focus amatanthauza kuthekera kwa munthu kuti asasokonezeke ku chinthu asankhidwa pa ena, kugwirizana nazo. Kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri.

Kaperekedwe chidwi munthu kuthandiza bwinobwino kuyenda mu chilengedwe ndi kupereka kokwanira kwambiri ndi zolondola chinyezimiro chake kwenikweni zamatsenga. nkhani imene anatsogolera maganizo a anthu ali pakati penipeni mu chikumbumtima, ndipo winayo onse amaona zingaoneke ndi ofooka. Koma makhalidwe waukulu chidwi amasonyeza kuti munthu akhoza anazimitsa ndi malo chapakati mu chikumbumtima cha Babulo adzakhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Chenjezo - izi si kudziletsa chidziwitso ndondomeko, chifukwa sitingathe samalani zina zochitika maganizo. Munthu sangathe ndi chidwi kapena kumvetsera, ndikuganiza, chiyani, onani. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chidwi - ichi ndi chuma za thupi njira zina chidziwitso.

ndondomeko zokhudza thupi angabweretse

Tcheru kuonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kwa malo ubongo imene PALI njira chidziwitso zomwe ayende tcheru. Apadera likulu udindo kukhazikitsa ndondomeko imeneyi, palibe, koma maonekedwe a masomphenya, chogwirika, ndi zomverera zina amapereka ntchito za mbali zina za kotekisi ubongo.

Kuphunzira ntchito apamwamba mantha, asayansi apeza kuti nyumba mitsempha yomwe ili m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo alibe mlingo wofanana wa kukondoweza kapena chopinga. njira chidziwitso zimachitika kotekisi, ndipo chimaoneka mu ntchito zina za kusinthasintha kwambiri.

The mulingo woyenera excitability wa I. P. Pavlovu

makhalidwe maganizo chidwi anapangidwa monga zamaganizo maphunziro ndi asayansi-physiologists. I. P. Pavlov ankanena kuti ngati ife kuona chigaza anthu ndiponso malo mulingo woyenera excitability wa kuwala ubongo, tinaona ntchito bwanji mofulumira ndi kusuntha mfundo za kuwala pa hemispheres oziziritsa, kupanga akalumikidzidwa Choncho osiyana polygonal.

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa pansi chidwi cha kumvetsa ntchito mantha a m'madera ena ubongo, amene panopa ali ndi excitability mulingo woyenera, pamene zina ndi excitability m'munsi.

Makhalidwe onse chidwi, malinga I. P. Pavlova, ndi m'munda wa mulingo woyenera excitability zosavuta kukhazikitsa kugwirizana latsopano ndi watsopano wabwino reflex zosiyanasiyana anapanga bwinobwino. Sharpness kumva njira chidziwitso singalifotokoze monga mbali.

Makungwa m'madera mulingo woyenera akuwonetseredwa irritability, amasanduka malo kulenga mu ubongo. malo awa zikusintha chifukwa kayendedwe ka mulingo woyenera excitability chifukwa zikuchitika zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana zopezera njira yachibadwa ya malonda. Komanso, pali kusintha ndi kayendetsedwe ka zonse madera ndi mlingo wochepa wa excitability.

Places wa kotekisi oziziritsa, amene mkulu ndi otsika excitability, ndi kulumikiza mu mawonekedwe a lamulo la kupatsidwa ulemu zoipa, khalidwe la ndondomeko m'kati, monga tcheru. Features tcheru chifukwa cha zochita za chilamulo ichi thupi kuti izi: kukondoweza amphamvu a madera ena a ku kotekisi oziziritsa chifukwa kupatsidwa ulemu amachititsa njira braking, akamaliza njira konse mantha, m'madera ena pali mulingo woyenera excitability, ndi ena - ulesi.

Mfundo lalikulu A. A. Uhtomskogo

Kuwonjezera maphunziro I. P. Pavlova, kufotokoza zimagwirira thupi nawo chidwi A. A. Uhtomsky. wasayansi Izi anena mfundo lalikulu. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chimenechi, panthawi ina kotekisi lakuti gawo lomwe amakhala ndi mkulu mlingo wa excitability, limene limalamulira pa mbali zina, inhibiting ntchito yawo. Mwinanso chimakweza excitability chifukwa ati nyemba ayi.

Phokoso rhythmic ofooka kungachititse orienting reflex mu bwinobwino zinthu, koma mwambo lalikulu kugwirizana ndi kuwerenga buku, phokoso kuwonjezeka tcheru, kapena m'malo ndende zake. Koma ngati jitters ili pakati lalikulu, ufikira mlingo wake pazipita, ndi nyemba mwinamwake sikumachititsa kuti ndende chidwi, ndi parabiotic braking.

Katundu chidwi ndi makhalidwe awo

Zimenezi maganizo ndi zinthu zina kuti ndi mawu osiyana ndi anthu osiyana. Choncho, zinthu zofunika ndi cholinga katundu zotsatirazi:

• Kuganizira kapena ndende. chikumbumtima anthu adzakhala kusankha chinthu ndi akuletsa kwa izo.
• Kukhazikika. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza munthu kupewa kusokonezedwa, kotero yaitali munthu amatha kuyang'ana pa chinthu kapena kanthu makamaka. Zinthu mosiyana yodziwika ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu zimene munthu angachite mu limodzi, ndi nthawi yomweyo.
• Kufalitsa. Mundawu ndi udindo mphamvu kuti aziona zinthu angapo kapena kuchita zochita angapo mu madera osiyana pa nthawi yomweyo.
• Kusinthitsa - maganizo khalidwe chidwi, akamanena za ndiko kusuntha cholinga ku chinthu chimodzi kupita ku china, wina watsopano.
• Kusokonezedwa ndi chidwi. Mbali yoyamba ya kutsitsimuka anthu kuchitidwa kwa chinthu chilichonse, ndipo ankakhala moyo wotayirira. A chisamaliro M'malo mwake.

Makhalidwe chidwi ndi onse katundu pamwamba. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mbali ziwiri zapitazi. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

Kodi zinthu zina?

Chododometsa - uwu si khalidwe ambiri chidwi, koma konkire. Asayansi kudziwa mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya chuma ichi. Woyamba n'lakuti ngati mankhwala a maganizo ndondomeko Kusakhazikika. Mkhalidwe umenewu chidwi ndi kukumbukira khalidwe la ana a zaka kusukulu ya pulayimale, komanso angayambe akulu. Chifukwa zodabwitsazi angakhale kufooka wamanjenje dongosolo, kutopa mkulu komanso kusowa tulo. Ngati munthu alibe chizolowezi kuganizira awo pa ntchito, mtundu woyamba wa chododometsa angayambe mu nkhani iyi.

khalidwe lina ali mtundu wachiwiri wa chodabwitsa cha "tcheru zina". Makhalidwe chidwi mu nkhani iyi zinali ndende lalikulu nezamechaniem chinachake wina ndi zinthu zina ozungulira. chododometsa Izi yachilendo, mokhudza anthu - asayansi, olemba, mafani wa malonda.

kusamalira Kaperekedwe

Awiri makhalidwe ena chidwi mu kuwerenga maganizo - chisamaliro ndi inattention. Mfundo amene anganene kuti izi ndi zinthu ziwiri za katundu yemweyo. Kuyambira ndili mwana, mwana amuphunzitse kuchita zonse bwinobwino ndipo pa nthawi, chidwi chimakhala mbali yosatha ya anthu - tcheru. Ndi Mbali imeneyi, anthu zikuchitika mmadera yekha kumbali positive. khalidwe imeneyi limodzi ndi kuonerera, ndi bwino kutha kuzindikira chilengedwe. Kulingalira munthu ali zimachitika mofulumira kuti zochitika ndi zinachitikira wakuya, luso zabwino kuphunzira.

Mindfulness ali kugwirizana ndi kukula ndondomeko lapansi, monga tcheru. Kaperekedwe tcheru (kutanthauza, voliyumu, ndende, bata, kugawa) qualitatively chingatithandize kukhala ndi katundu pamwamba. Munthu alibe mavuto ndi sosredotachivaniem kapena tcheru musanaganizire.

Zamaganizo kuti ntchito kapena sukulu amasewera yofunika chidwi. Pakuti munthu mosamala kwambiri mosavuta kusonkhanitsa ngati kumva mlanduwo akusowa. Darwin, Pavlov, Tolstoy, Chekhov ndi Gorky ankasiyana anafotokoza katundu.

Tcheru ndi mitundu yake

Asayansi, zamaganizo apanga classifications angapo ndondomeko m'kati. Muyeso ndi ntchito wotchuka kwambiri wa munthu mu bungwe chidwi. Malinga ndi fomu iyi ndi akutali 3: musanaganizire, umasinthasintha ndi posleproizvolnoe.

tcheru musanaganizire

Makhalidwe chidwi musanaganizire n'chakuti unfocused ndondomeko ya ndende ya kutsitsimuka zikuchitika ena. Izi mawonekedwe yaikulu osauka ontogenesis nthawi ya m'badwo sukulu. Zimachitika popanda nawo lamulo volitional.

tcheru musanaganizire amakhala ndi pakalibe kulimbana ndi zolinga, zofuna, wa chibadidwe mu lachabechabe, kumene anthu akhoza kugwetsera popanda kupikisana zikhumbo ndi madera osiyana ndipo kuti angathe kukopa ndi kusunga kuzunza munthu.

tcheru zaufulu

Makhalidwe chidwi zaufulu limasonyeza kuti ndi ozindikira ndipo ankalamulira ndondomeko ya ndende ya kutsitsimuka pa phunziro, limene likukwaniritsa zofunikira za malonda. mtundu limayamba chitukuko kwa zaka kusukulu ya pulayimale, pamene mwana amayamba kuphunzira.

munthu ikufotokozanso osati pa zinthu maganizo zosangalatsa, komanso mfundo yakuti mbali ya ntchito yake, wosatenga zosangalatsa kwambiri. Patatha mphindi 20 za mantha njira tayala - adzadziwire akuyamba zina. Mfundo imeneyi tiyenela kuiganizila Kuphunzira ndi ntchito.

Man akusankha amazindikira mokomera chidwi kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi akuletsa ake onse pa chinthu umodzi, pamene nyemba atsala kuletsedwa.

tcheru posleproizvolnoe

mtundu uwu chidwi imatengedwa kuti ndi asonyeza monga munthu lidakali tcheru kufuna kwawo, koma maganizo salinso kofunika kutero. Izi zimachitika pamene ntchito chilakolako.

Malinga ndi makhalidwe a maganizo ankaimira chikondi ofanana musanaganizire. Koma chachikulu ndi posleproizvolnoe nkhani chidwi chifukwa si bwino nkhaniyi, ndi lathu la munthu. Ntchito amakhala kufunikira, ndipo mankhwala ake ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa munthuyo. Kutalika kwa mtundu uwu chidwi si.

mitundu ina chidwi

Kuwonjezera awa, palinso mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Natural tcheru. Man kusankha Yankho zikuchitika kuyambira kunja ndi mkati chilengedwe, zomwe timanyamula mauthenga zachilendo. Limagwirira zofunika mu nkhani iyi akukhala orienting reflex.
• tcheru Social aumbike chifukwa cha maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Pano tili ndi amphamvu-akadafuna lamulo ndi kusankha amazindikira ayankhe.
• Cholinga msanga mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chinthu panopa.
• Nkhoswe tcheru zimadalira njira yeniyeni ndi zida (a manja, mawu chizindikiro cha index, ndi zina zotero. D.).
• tcheru kwenikweni chikugwirizana ndi dera maganizo ndi kusankha moganizira ziwalo imalandira.
• tcheru aluntha chifukwa ntchito maganizo a anthu.

Pomaliza

Mu pepala panopa ankaona chinthu maganizo monga tcheru. Si munthu chidziwitso ndondomeko, koma silipita ndipo akutumikira kukumbukira ntchito, kuganiza, m'maganizo, ndi ena.