Oyeretsa ake physico-mankhwala ndi ntchito katundu

Bleach ali amatchedwanso kashiamu hypochlorite kapena oyeretsa ufa. Ngakhale yotsirizira akuti si bwino, chifukwa thunthu ndi osakaniza zovuta chimaperekedwa osati hypochlorite yekha (Ca (ClO) 2), komanso oxychloride (CaClO), mankhwala enaake (CaCl2), calcium hydroxide (Ca (o) 2). Komanso akhoza kukhala pano monga zonyansa za mankhwala enaake chitsulo (III), amene wakuchitirani kulocha chikasu. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, pawiri uyu ali olimba boma akaphatikiza, fungo lamphamvu la chlorine ndipo nthawi zambiri woyera coloration. madzi amasungunula kokha kashiamu hypochlorite, ndi chlorine anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga, ndi bwino apanga osakaniza anapanga precipitate wandiweyani - slurry.

Pamene mwachindunji dzuwa perchloric laimu zimatulutsa mpweya, ndi pa Kutentha izo linawola ndi zamoyo wa kutentha, ndipo tingayambe kuphulika ndi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mankhwala ayenera kusungidwa mu mdima, ozizira (unheated) ndi mpweya wokwanira zipinda. Pamene akugwira oyeretsa ufa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza khungu, dongosolo kupuma, makamaka kupanga ndi mayendedwe maofesi ake.

Kwa zasayansi, oyeretsa wothandizira amene chilinganizo zalembedwa CaCl (OCl), akufotokoza kuti wosanganiza (awiri) salt, i.e., Lili anions awiri. Komanso, pawiri ichi ndi oxidant amphamvu waluso mu njira zamchere kutembenuza MnO (manganese okusayidi (II)) → MnO2 (manganese okusayidi (IV)); mwa kuchita ndi zinthu organic kupangitsa kuyaka awo. Ndi kulabadira ndi sulfuric kapena zidulo hydrochloric amapezeka chlorine kusankha: Ca (ClO) CL + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

nkhaniyi linakonzedwa ndi chlorination kupanga hydroxide calcium. Mu ndondomeko chotero izo analandira oyeretsa sukulu atatu - 26, 32 ndi 35% wa chlorine yogwira (kuchuluka kwa chlorine koyera anamasulidwa ndi kanthu pa osakaniza izi HCl kapena H2SO4 acid). sangathe mmodzi wa nkhaniyi ndi kuti ali wobwezera yogwira pa yosungirako chloro, 5-10% pa chaka. Yesani kulimbana ichi ndi kumasuka mtendere kumatheka mankhwala ndi kudutsa chlorine mpweya kudzera kuyimitsidwa wa Ca (o) 2. Yogwira chlorine mu pawiri Choncho analandira ndi 45-70%. drawback wina wa nkhaniyi n'chakuti izo zimayambitsa dzimbiri wa umachititsa chitsulo, ndi nsalu thonje. Choncho khalani mu chidebe matabwa, makontena a pulasitiki kapena mapepala apulasitiki ndi phukusi.

Bleach akusonyeza bactericidal ndi sporicidal katundu ofunitsitsa ndi kukhalapo kwa asidi hypochlorous ndi mpweya njira. Chifukwa ichi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa madzi zinyalala ku zimbudzi mabungwe osiyanasiyana mankhwala monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo (kukonzedwa pamwamba, malo onse). Ntchito ngati oyeretsa mu kupanga minofu zamkati ndi pepala.

Choncho, oyeretsa - ndi osakaniza zovuta kuti ndi mankhwala wokangalika mankhwala ndi akusonyeza wamphamvu katundu oxidant. Mu hydrolyses amadzimadzi njira kupanga asidi hypochlorous (NS1O). Ndi kukula kutentha (Kutentha) ndi pansi zochita za dzuwa linawola, mpweya ndi chlorine.