Kumasulidwa kwa Europe ku Fascism. kuti amasule Ntchito European

Anabwera 1933 ndi chipani chake mphamvu mu Germany, Adolf Hitler anakana Pangano la Versailles zoletsa, wobwezeretsedwa yolembedwa usilikali, mofulumira kufalitsidwa kuŵeta zida ndiponso analamula yausilikali. Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko walenga wamphamvu kuonetsa dongosolo la zionetsero za yimitsira wa chosakhutitsidwa ndi kufalitsidwa mabodza a chapadera cha mtundu Germany, amapereka apamwamba Aryan mpikisano ndi kufunika subordination a mitundu ina ndi mafuko kodi ana a Siegfried. anthu German umachititsa lingaliro kuti nsinga ndi vuto la zachuma cha madera a ena adzakupatsani zofunika danga amoyo ndi chuma cha chitukuko cha Germany ndi kusintha mofulumira mu moyo wa aliyense German.

Kupanga mfundo ndi maganizo chifukwa chiwawa, Hitler linakhazikitsa dziko latsopano nkhondo, nalanda lonse la Europe, kupatulapo mayiko Kanema wake, ogwirizana ndi maiko ndale (Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, azimvetsa Nazi ku Vatican). Linatengedwa, ndi hafu ya gawo European wa USSR. The Germany anathamangira ku Caucasus, ndi Middle East ndi kupitirira, ndi India.

Koma adani, ndi zopereka zikuluzikulu za USSR ponosshego zomvetsa wamkulu, anatha likatembenuza mafunde a nkhondo ndipo anapambana chigonjetso chachikulu, ndi 70 chikumbutso limene posachedwapa chikondwerero lonse. Kumasulidwa kwa Ulaya ndi pasadakhale anagwirizana kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, ndi thandizo la anthu, nthawi zina m'mayikowa, odana ndi lopondereza mphamvu ndipo linakonzedwanso malo ake kulamulira elites ndi kumasulidwa awo. Komabe, yotsirizira zidatheka mchikakamizo cha nagonjetsa bwino odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. Mwachidule zimene zinachitika kumasulidwa kwa Europe, zalongosoledwa mwachidule m'munsimu.

The nkhondo West pamaso kutsegula kwa Front Chachiwiri

Mu masiku a October 1942, asilikali British wa polimbana Montgomery ku Nkhondo ya El Alamein anagonjetsa Italo-German grouping patsogolo pa Cairo ndi Suez Canal. Pa tsidya lina la Africa North (Algeria ndi Morocco) tidakocheza asilikali a American General Eisenhower, pulezidenti tsogolo la USA. Tikule mbali zonse za asilikali Italy ndi German, adani kuwagwiritsa Tunisia, kumene nyanja mbamuikha asilikali olamulira anakakamizika mudzipereke. chochitika izi zinachitika mu 1943, pa 13 May.

Kupambana kumeneku analola Anglo-American ankhondo mu July 1943 kupanga ankafika ku Sicily. Nayenso Sicily sanaime, ndipo asilikali a odana ndi Hitler Mgwirizano anapitiriza nkhondo ya Italy, anawoloka Gulf wa Messina ndipo tidakocheza mwachindunji pa Apennine chilumba. Zimenezi zinayambitsa vuto la Fascism Italy, ndi onse a mtsogoleri wa Blackshirts kuchepetsa azichepetsa Mussolini ku posts onse, kenako amangidwe. Boma latsopano la Italy kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany, koma kumpoto ndi pakati mbali ya dziko anabwera pansi Germany.

Yokonzekera yoyamba ya kutsogolo latsopano polimbana Germany, chuma thandizo la Great Britain ndi la Soviet Union kuti Mbali yaikulu chimadalira zinthu mu Atlantic. German "nkhandwe paketi" mwa sitima zankhondo, ndege, ndi sitima za padziko oponya-raiders amapereka mwa sitima zazikulu anachita nkhondo nkhanza kusokoneza Atlantic convoys ogwirizana pamodzi njira yothetsera vuto za m'madzi deblokady Germany. Koma mphamvu ya ndege ndi US ndi UK zombo ndi 1943 aloledwa kulankhura za nawonso akubwera. Choncho, mu 1942, a anagwirizana asilikali apanyanja ndipo ndege zawo zikuwonongedwa sitima zankhondo mazana awiri Doenitz asilikali. Germany inaima cholimbana convoys ndi ankasakidwa kuti sitima osakwatira kapena stragglers otbivshimisya enawo.

Chiyambi cha kumasulidwa kwa Europe asilikali Soviet ndi ogwirizana ake pa East Front

Ndi 1944, iwo anasiya nkhondo, yemwe anakhala juncture zovuta njira za anthu athu ndi dziko chipulumutso chachikulu. Mu January masiku a chaka penultimate a nkhondo panayamba njira ntchito mseru zotsatira kumasulidwa lathunthu la German-inkakhala Soviet kupeza malire boma. Poyamba unachitikira mu chimango maganizo asilikali ntchito osiyana lonse kutsogolo zinali pambuyo pa kuwunika, m'magulumagulu nawatsimikizira mu kampeni chonse 1944. Kwenikweni, mu 1944, Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, kumasulidwa kwa Europe Asilikali Soviet kuti ophatikizidwa mu ndondomeko limodzi. Pofuna Mgwirizano ndi comprehensiveness chithunzi cha zochitika chaka chomwecho pa East Front, m'pofunika deta onse tebulo:

Khumi zikwapu 1944

№№ nn	ntchito	nthawi	Makamaka mayanjano	Zotsatira zimatheka
choyamba	Leningrad-Novgorod	14,01 - 1,03	amadzibisa: Leningrad, Volkhov, Baltic, Zombo: The Baltic	Kugonjetsedwa kwa makamu gulu "North", wodzala ndi Leningrad deblokady, kutulutsidwa kwa Region Leningrad
2	Dnieper-Carpathian	24/12/1943 - 17/04/1944	amadzibisa: 1, 2, 3 ndi 4 Chiyukireniya	The anamasulidwa mu-Bank Ukraine
3	Odessa ------------------ Crimea	1944	3 Chiyukireniya Front ------------------ 4 Chiyukireniya Front Black Sea zombo	Kumasulidwa kwa Odessa ndi Crimea asilikali lopondereza anaponyedwa m'nyanja
4.	Vyborg-Petrozavodsk	1944 (Chilimwe)	amadzibisa: Leningrad, Karelian	anamasulidwa Karelia
5	"Opaleshoni Bagration" (Belarus)	23,06 - 28,07	amadzibisa: 1, 2 ndi 3 Belarus, 1 Baltic	Anamasulidwa Belarus, ambiri a Poland ndi mwayi kwa Vistula ndi lathunthu Lithuania, mwayi malire a Germany
Chachiwiri	Lvov-Sandomierz	13,07 - 2,08	amadzibisa: 1st ndi 4 Chiyukireniya	Anamasulidwa Western Ukraine, ulendo wa Vistula, mapangidwe Sandomierz bridgehead
7	Iasi-Kishinev ------------------ Romania	August ------------ 30,08 - 3,10	amadzibisa: 2 ndi 3 Chiyukireniya ----------------- 2 Chiyukireniya	Kumasulidwa kwa Moldova, Mapeto a nkhondo, Romania, Romania kulengeza nkhondo Germany ndi Hungary, ndi kutsegula njira ya Hungary, mapeto a nkhondo, Bulgaria kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany, kukhala bwino kwa chithandizo kwa partisans Yugoslavia
8	Baltic	14,09 - 24,11	amadzibisa: 1, 2 ndi 3 Baltic zombo: Baltic	Kumasulidwa kwa Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia Achire ku nkhondo Finland ndi kulengeza nkhondo yake pa Germany
9	East Carpathian ------------------ Belgrade	8,09 - 28,10 ---------------- 28,09 - 20,10	amadzibisa: 1st ndi 4 Chiyukireniya ---------------- Soviet, Yugoslavia, mbali Slovak ndi pawiri	Anamasulidwa Yugoslavia ndi thandizo kwa Slovak anthu kutsutsana ndi Wehrmacht
10	Petsamo-Kirkenes	7.10 - 29.10 mu October	amadzibisa: Karelian	Sayeneranso German sera kumpoto Finland ndi Norway

ntchito asilikali Europe (Center ndi South-East)

Kuyamba malire a USSR ndi pasadakhale winanso wa asilikali pa malire a maiko ena chifukwa cha mawu a boma la Soviet. Chikalatachi anaona kufunika kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa German lopondereza ankhondo ndi chitsimikizo kuti Soviet Union alibe mapulani kusintha dongosolo la ndale m'mayiko amenewa ndi kuphwanya okhulupirika malo.

Komabe, Soviet Union poyera amapereka mphamvu ake okhulupirika, makamaka, chikominisi ndi anzawo apamtima. M'bwalolo ndale utsogoleri Soviet anafuna maboma a Great Britain ndi United States kuzindikira zofuna zawo mu madera ambiri a ku Ulaya. Kukula kwa kutchuka Soviet Union ndi Stalin, pamaso pa Red Army m'magawo awo amakakamizidwa Churchill ndi Roosevelt kuzindikira Balkans (kupatulapo Greece) dera Soviet pamudzipo. Mu Poland, Soviet Union wapanga chilengedwe cha boma okhulupirika kwa Moscow, monga kuyenera kwa emigre boma Polish mu London.

Europe ndi kumasulidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet zinachitika mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe zigawenga ndi asilikali a mayiko ena. Asilikali Poland, Yugoslavia asilikali motsogozedwa Iosifa Broz Tito, ndi Czechoslovak Corps Ludwig Svoboda, zigawenga Slovak anatenga mbali pomenyera ufulu wadziko a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya.

Mu 1944, 23 August, mu lachifumu la Romania panali chiwembu d'etat ndi maziko a alipo odana lopondereza chiwembu ndi yotakata m'munsi ndale - kuchokera chikominisi kuti monarchists. Chifukwa cha chochitika, Romania anakhalanso wotsutsa-lopondereza, kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany ndi Hungary.

Pa 31 August, Mzinda m'gulu asilikali a Red Army, ndipo zigawo anagwirizana Romania. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mphoto ya Romania Mfumu Mihai Union Order ya Kupambana, pamene Romania ndi nawo mokwiya Nazi ndi Soviet Union. Makamaka, asilikali Romania wotanganidwa Odessa ndi ingloriously nkhondo pa Stalingrad.

Bulgaria, pokhala angakuthandizeni ya Ulamuliro wa Nazi anakana kutumiza asilikali kutsogolo kum'mawa, Mfumu Boris (German dziko) kuti Hitler anayankha kuti Bulgarians sadzakhala nkhondo Russian, owateteza ku goli Ottoman. Bulgaria sichikhala analengeza nkhondo, USSR, anakumana mbali ya malire ace a asilikali kufalitsidwa pa patsogolo Red Army mbendera ndi chikondwerero nyimbo. Pambuyo kulanda boma pa September 9, mphamvu mu dziko anadza kwa boma Communist, analengeza nkhondo pa Germany.

Monga tanenera kale, Finland nayenso achoka nkhondo. Pa tsiku la September 19, 1944 boma lake lalembedwa ndi armistice ndi Soviet Union pa zinthu wolemekezeka kwathunthu.

The Slovak dziko kugalukira zida

Awa ndi amunamuna tsamba ya kulimbana kwa mtundu Slovak ali ndi malo apadera zochitika za kumasulidwa kwa Europe.

Slovakia nkhondo isanayambe, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali pambuyo nkhondoyo inali gawo la Czechoslovakia. Hitler wotanganidwa ufulu Czech Republic, Slovakia yokhala mwapatsidwa zoona, lisanduke Kanema wa. Slovak gawo anatumizidwa kunkhondo kum'mawa, koma chifukwa cha kusadalirika awo (Asilavo ammudzi ndi Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians Slovaks linachititsa Ndikumva chisoni anthu onse Soviet), iwo zambiri ntchito kumbuyo kwa Germany kutetezela mauthenga komanso polimbana zigaŵenga zankhondo lapansi. Koma zimenezi zinachititsa kusintha ambiri Slovaks mu mabungwe mabungwe a partisans Union. Pa gawo la Slovakia kukhala ndi shirilos zigawenga kuyenda.

Kumapeto kwa otentha mu mphamvu weniweni ndi wophiphiritsa wa m'chilimwe cha 1944 kunabuka wotchuka August Slovak odana lopondereza kugalukira. Kuthandiza anthu zigawenga zambiri anasamukira asilikali anaika mbali ya 1st Chiyukireniya Front. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps. pawiri Izi analamula General Ludvik Svoboda, amene anakhala mu 1968 pulezidenti wa Czechoslovakia. October 6, chifukwa kumenyana molimba mu Carpathian mapiri (a Dukla Pass) akumenyana ndi liberators analowa m'dera la Slovakia. Komabe, wamagazi ndi owawa kumenyana kuti chinakhalapo mpaka mapeto a October, sanadutsitse mwachindunji cholinga - analephera asilikali Soviet kugonjetsa Carpathian Mapiri ndi kugwirizana ndi opandukawo. Mbali yaikulu ya anthu wamba ndipo zigaŵenga zankhondo anapita ku mapiri ndipo akupitirizabe nkhondo kugwira kumasulidwa pang'onopang'ono mbali dziko la patsogolo Red Army. Pa mbali ya Soviet Union, iwo anathandiza onse anthu ndi mikono ndi zipolopolo. Choka ndege ikuchitika.

Nkhondo Hungary, Austria ndi gawo loyamba la kumenyana East Prussia

Nzeru za ndondomeko ya ndewu ndipo anatsogolera chakuti akuluakulu okha amene angakuthandizeni Hitler m'dera mu October 1944 anakhalabe Hungary, ngakhale iye anayesetsa kuti mupewe nkhondo. Wolamulira Horthy anagwidwa ndi Germany ndi Hungarians kulimbana mpaka kumapeto. nkhondo oopsa kwa Budapest sanalole asilikali Soviet kuti achitenge icho pa ulendo oyamba. Only pa nthawi wachitatu iko akwaniritsa bwino, ndipo February 13, 1945 likulu Chihangare anagwa. Pa chomwecho mu February inatha kugonjetsedwa wa Budapest grouping la asilikali German.

Mu April, panali nkhondo Balaton, pamene magulu lopondereza linakhazikitsa counterattack aukali ndi Red Army, koma mayunitsi Soviet ndipo anali kuwaletsa ndi kugonjetsa mdani. Kenako mu April, asilikali a Soviet anamasula Vienna, likulu la Austria, ndipo anatenga Konigsberg ku East Prussia.

Sama East Prussia anali kumbuyo zone olimba mwakuya ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri cholimba cha nyumba analimbitsa simenti. Zonena bungwe kumbuyo ziwembu kwa mzinda uliwonse m'gulu pamaso pa njira covert kwa midzi. Kutetezedwa kwa asilikali patsogolo anali ochuluka forts, kunkhondo, pillboxes, bunkers, mabomba ndi waya waminga. Nyumba mumzinda anali ngati mayunitsi Yankhani dongosolo multilayer moto.

Ndipo makamu koma amanyansidwa a ziŵiri Belorussia (2 ndi 3) anayamba pakati pa January watsopano, 1945. Patangotha miyezi itatu a asilikali Soviet milled grouping uwu wa Wehrmacht ndi SS mayunitsi. Pa nthawi yomweyo asilikali Red Army, kuchokera privates akazembe, anataya katundu wolemera. Mmodzi wa iwo anali April 18 imfa ya mpukutu wa mdani chipolopolo Army General I. D. Chernyahovskogo, mkulu wa 3 Belorussia Front.

Mulimonse mmene mwina, adzakhalabe mtima ndi ungwazi, mothandizidwa ndi woyenera anasonkhanidwa zida zankhondo moto (mu kumenyana East Prussia 5 zikwi. Kalavani ya zida zankhondo ntchito, kuphatikizapo howitzers likungosonyeza 203 mm ndi 305 mm mbali ya RGC) ndi ndege chithandizo, zomwe zachititsa kuti agonje kwa bwalo la likulu German, mzinda yotchedwa Konigsberg. Asilikali ake za mfundo zofunika kwambiri njira silikhali Nazi Germany unachitikira 7 9 April 1945. Zikwizikwi asilikali German anaphedwa ndi pafupifupi 100 zikwi. Anagwidwa.

Warsaw kugalukira

Ponena za masamba chidwi ndi oopsa kumasulidwa epic ku Ulaya, komabe chimayambitsa mlandu osiyana kanjedza zandale ndi anthu, asayansi, olemba mbiri ndi kumbali ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo calibers. Kotero, tiona kugalukira zida mu 1944 ku likulu la Polish pansi pa utsogoleri wa London boma emigre.

M'zaka za ulamuliro wa Nazi Poland anataya sikisi miliyoni nzika kuchokera chonse cha anthu a anthu okwana 35 miliyoni. Ntchito ulamuliro waukulu, izi zachititsa kuti zikamera ndi intensification a magulu Polish kukana. Koma iwo anali losanganikirana. Choncho, monga mwa mphamvu mu dziko la misa Home Army subordinated ku London Polish boma mu ukapolo. Pambuyo kulowa m'dziko la Poland, asilikali Soviet analenga boma ovomereza-Communist - komiti ya National Kumasuka. Motsogozedwa wake, magulu zida kumenyana Army la Anthu. Kupemphera Warsaw Red Army mayunitsi wa Army Ludovit kuti n'kogwiritsa komiti imeneyi ndi mphamvu lonse Polish gawo. Pofuna kupewa izi, boma mu ukapolo ku London ndi mayunitsi Home Army anatenga zosankha paokha amasule Warsaw ndi opanda mokwanira yaitali yokonza kukwezedwa pali chiwembu zida. Izo zinachitika August 1. Iwo anali nawo anthu ambiri likulu la Poland. Koma utsogoleri Soviet zoipa natsutsa kanthu, unali juga. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, Soviet Union anakana kuthandiza opandukawo ndi manja ndi zipolopolo, monga ena, Red Army sanathe kupereka thandizo chofunika. mfundo Komabe, pali awiri - September 13, asilikali a Soviet anafika banki ya Vistula mu Warsaw, ndi imfa opandukawo mu gawo lotsiriza la chiwembu anatenga malo Ndipotu patsogolo pawo. Mbali ina - mu masiku otsiriza a anthu kugalukira thandizo la Warsaw ndi asilikali a Soviet, mkulu munthu wa Stalin anali akadali anapereka, ngakhale pa nthawi yomwe mulibe anathana chilichonse.

Pakutayika 18 chikwi. Asilikali ndiponso anthu wamba 200,000 anapha nzika za Warsaw, atsogoleri kugalukira capitulated October 2, 1944. asilikali German chilango anayamba mzinda, ambiri a anthu ake zinakakamizika kuthaŵa.

Complete anamasulidwa Poland

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa 1945, boma la Soviet Union anali ndi yosatheka njira apamwamba kuposa mdani, choposa ichi ndi chiwerengero theka la asilikali, katatu - chiwerengero cha akasinja ndi mfuti kudziletsa injini, kanayi - chiwerengero cha zidutswa zida zankhondo (mfuti mortars), nthawi eyiti - chiwerengero cha ndege. Payokha, ndi Dziwani kuti pa East Front opareshoni mayunitsi asilikali ndi anagwirizana okwana anthu pafupifupi hafu miliyoni. Ndi mpweya ukulu mtheradi, asilikali a Soviet anali kusankha malangizo ndi nthawi ya mantha chachikulu, kutembenuzira offensives munthawi yomweyo pa amadzibisa osiyana ndi malo awo. Iwo akanatha kulimbana, kuwakantha mdani pamene ndi kumene izo zinali yabwino ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri.

Nagonjetsa ambiri otengera kwa 20 January. Ndi asilikali anali nawo gulu lonse yogwira ndi awiri a asilikali.

Koma, monga tanenera m'nkhani ino, pa Western Front, mu December 1944, asilikali a Hitler mu Ardennes mwadzidzidzi anaukira Anglo-American asilikali ndipo anawaponya pa 100 kukafika kumbuyo. America anataya 40 chikwi. Man. Churchill panokha akatulukire kwa Stalin ndi pempho thandizo, pempho analandira yankho positive. The amadzibisa Soviet, ngakhale maphunziro wosamaliza anayamba January 12, 1945 ndipo anali amphamvu kwambiri ndipo ambiri nkhondo lonse. Zinatha masiku 23. Ndi February 3 mbali ya patsogolo Red Army anadza kwa mtsinje wa Oder - iye anali dziko German, pamene dziko anatsika pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Pa January 17, asilikali a Soviet analowa Warsaw.

Vistula-Oder opareshoni, wochitidwa ndi lamulo Soviet, anamaliza kumasulidwa kwa Poland ndi kupulumutsidwa ku chiwonongeko mu Ardennes asilikali a Western adani, analenga zinthu kwa itachita wa Berlin ndi kuthetsa nkhondo Europe.

Kumasulidwa kwa Czechoslovakia

Nkhondo maudindo ankalamulira ankakakamiza kiyi ku Ulaya, dziko anasanduka pakati pa April 1945. Bratislava, likulu la Slovakia, linali litatulutsidwa kale, 4 April. A 30-TH asilikali Soviet anatenga lalikulu mafakitale likulu la Moravská Ostrava.

May 5 okhala Prague anakonzeka zipolowe zida ndi Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo lapansi. A Nazi anafuna adzawonongedwa chiwembu mu magazi, iwo sanasiye ngakhale mwa lamulo German anasaina chida kugonja pa 05/08/1945.

Opandukawo Praguers anatembenuka pa wailesi kwa adani thandizo. Analabadira kuitana uku, lamulo Soviet, kuponya mu March ku Prague magulu awiri ankhondo thanki ya 3 Chiyukireniya Front. Kuchita trohsotkilometrovy ulendo, asilikali masiku atatu, May 9, analowa Prague. Mu kuukira ndipo ena onse amatsatira magulu ankhondo 1, 2 ndi 4. Chiyukireniya amadzibisa, chifukwa mu Czechoslovakia anamasulidwa ku Anazi. Malizitsani kumasulidwa kwa anthu a ku Ulaya kuchokera Fascism.

Kutsogolo yachiwiri

July 6, pambuyo maphunziro waukulu kwambiri West, anayamba nkhondo ya Mphamvu anagwirizana aboma - chachikulu ankafika ntchito "Overlord". asilikali Anglo-American mayunitsi wa Free French, Polish, Czechoslovak mayunitsi okwana 2 miliyoni 876 zikwi. Man ndi thandizo kwambiri wa Navy ndi Air Force anafika kumpoto France, mu Normandy. Choncho potsiriza anatsegula yaitali kutsogolo chachiwiri. Pa kumbuyo, dziko la Germany anachita mayunitsi zigawenga ndi mobisa mphamvu fundo wotanganidwa ku Ulaya. Anakonza kuponya mu mtima wa Germany. Roosevelt ankakhulupirira kuti Berlin ayenera America.

Pa zolawula, anthu anagwirizana asilikali anafika kugalukira mfuti France, Belgium ndi Denmark. The French ndi Belgians anamasulidwa likulu lawo ndi anagwirizana aboma akwaniritsa kumasulidwa kwa mayiko awo. Danes ali ovutika - sanalandire chithandizo, ndi kugalukira anali wosweka ndi adani.

Political ndi njira zochita ogwirizana

Chifukwa, kumenyedwa kuyenera ndi ukulu chidwi ndi kuya nagonjetsa Soviet mu 1944 ndi kumayambiriro kwa 1945 zinali zoonekeratu othamanga nkhondo ndi zikukhalira ya kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa dziko la Germany. Ndi nthawi ogwirizana agwirire mbali zonse za nagonjetsa atsopano ndi Germany ndi kukambirana mavuto a unawonongedwa kuti dziko. Kukula kutchuka wa USSR ndi kuzindikira kuti ogwirizana onse a zopereka zake zikuluzikulu kugonjetsedwa kwa akagwiriridwa amalola kulandira mwa maganizodwe a Soviet Union kusunga Conference Yalta wa atsogoleri a boma la mayiko zitatu nawo odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano.

Mu nyengo pa 4 ndi 11 February I. V. Stalin, F. D. Ruzvelt ndi Winston Churchill anakumana ku msonkhano Yalta, amene wakhala mkulu mfundo za mphamvu mgwirizano kukalankhula naye. atsogoleri Western ankadziwa luso USSR kwa kumaliza chigonjetso ndekha ntchito kumasula Europe. Mwina mfundo ndi kuloledwa kukwaniritsa pangano pa nkhani iliyonse.

Kumbali ya usilikali, wakhala anatsimikiza nkhani kugwirizana ndi malire mabacteria zochita. Chapakati ndale nkhani - tsogolo la Germany - linathera m'njira yakuti dziko adzatsala chosagawanika demokalase demilitarized, si waluso woimira kuopseza tsogolo kwa ena anthu.

Mphamvu pa funso Polish atafika kuuzidwa. Poland anatsegula njira ya ufulu chitukuko wodzilamulira mu malire mbiri chilungamo.

Anaganiza kukhazikitsa United Nations ndi cholinga kukwaniritsa kumvana, mgwirizano ndi kuteteza mokwiya pakati pa maiko awiri mu dziko lonse itatha.

Ndipo potsiriza, pa mapeto oyambirira a nkhondo ndi yimitsira wa mokwiya lankhondo la moto ku Far East wakhala anavomera mgwirizano wa USSR kugwirizana anagwirizana nkhondo Japan.

Nkhondo Berlin ndi nkhondo ya

April 16 chinali chiyambi cha ntchito Berlin. Chifukwa cha masabata awiri a nkhondo wamagazi kunja kwa mzinda wa Berlin (Seelow Heights) ndi mu mzindawu, ndipo msewu uliwonse ndi nyumba iliyonse yaikulu inasanduka malo otetezedwa bwino, asilikali a Red Army anakwanitsa kutenga malo obisalamo Fascism - ndi Reichstag ndi kukazikoloŵeka mbendera wofiira pa izo.

Pomaliza, usiku wa pa 8 ndi 9 May mu Karlshorst mumzinda wa likulu la Germany, maphwando onse anasaina kuchita lopanda mangawa Kudzipereka mphamvu zonse German.

Koma ichi ndi zambiri kumasulidwa kwa Europe ku Fascism sinathe. May 9 kale kutenga Berlin, asilikali ku mayunitsi ndi dongosolo la 1 Chiyukireniya Front, kuthandiza opanduka Prague, ulendo mofulumira anasamukira ku likulu Czechoslovak, ndipo adzaika grouping lopondereza. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pofuna yotere kupulumutsa tsoka lake unenviable, anali kumeneko mbali ya T. N. Army wompereka Vlasov, kapena ROA, anasiya kwa Praguers.

Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri ndemanga. Common pa anthu onse pangozi ndipo limati mu nthawi pambuyo nkhondo pang'onopang'ono anayamba sakukondananso. ambiri ayesetsa kubwereza zotsatira za nkhondo silitiletsa mpaka tsopano. Ngakhale Chigonjetso Tsiku chikondwerero pa masiku osiyana. M'mayiko ambiri kuganizira tsiku chikondwerero pa May 8, ndi ku Soviet Union, tsopano Russia, kukumbukira woopsa wamagazi nkhondo Prague mu 1945, kusangalalira kupambana Tsiku pa May 9. Mwatsoka, pakhala pali njira nkani kugwiritsa ntchito mibadwo atsopano a nkhani za momwe kumasulidwa zinachitika mu Europe ku Fascism.

Pomaliza

Kumasulidwa kwa Europe ku Fascism anapangidwa zikomo zotheka kwa amunamuna wapamwamba Soviet Union-ndi ogwirizana ake, nkhondowo magulu ankhondo fundo m'madera ulamuliro wa Anazi. Wachiwiri World kulibe nkhondo itatha, kutsogolo anali kugonjetsedwa kwa Japan, koma chigonjetso chachikulu anali kale anapambana. Amphamvu German nkhondo makina linathyoka ndipo anagonjetsa.

Koma mgwirizano wa mayiko nkhondo yolimbana Fascism sanathe adzapulumutsidwa mu nthawi unawonongedwa. Monga mtsogolo ndi dziko, Europe lidagawikana m'magulu awiri, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo, capitalist ndi zokomera. yaitali Kodi anagawa Germany yokha. dziko zokomera dongosolo wakhala analenga, tsopano kwambiri mutate, koma akalipo.

Kumasulidwa kwa Ulaya, Chachiwiri World nkhondo wamagazi kwambiri. Anafa Ulaya otsiriza nkhondo dziko ali pafupifupi anthu 40 miliyoni, ndi 2 miliyoni a iwo - nzika za kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi 7 miliyoni - nzika za Germany. Otsala anthu 30 miliyoni ali ovulala anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi USSR.

Komabe, chifukwa chachikulu - kumasula anthu ku ukapolo wa lopondereza. Pakali pano, vuto pachimake anthu kupewa kubwezera bulauni mliri ndi kukumbukira zimene zinachitikira kulumikizanitsa anthuwo ndipo nthawi zina ankatsutsa mphamvu zandale ndi anthu kuopseza kwa uchigawenga ndi chiwonongeko cha chikhalidwe ndi chitukuko. Kumasulidwa kwa Europe mu 1945 adzakhala ndi zinthu nthawi yaitali a kusanthula sayansi, nkhondo, andale, mbiri yakale komanso makhalidwe abwino. Kufunika kwa zinachitikira epic odziwa lero koposa!