Fuko la Aaziteki. Aztec chitukuko: chikhalidwe, nthano

Ainka, Aaziteki ndi Mayans - mafuko chachinsinsi mbisoweka ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi. Kufikira tsopano, kafukufuku ikuchitika zafukulidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya maphunziro kufufuza miyoyo yawo ndi kutha kwa zifukwa. M'nkhaniyi tiona angakuuzeni za munthu chidwi fuko. Aaziteki anakhalako zaka za m'ma XIV m'gawo zomwe tsopano ziri Mexico.

Kodi iwo

chiwerengero cha anthu Indian ndi za 1.3 miliyoni anthu. Malo nthano Aztec, chisumbucho chinali Aztlán (mu "dziko la yomasulira herons '). Poyamba, a fuko anali alenje, koma, m'mene anakakhala pansi, anayamba kugwira ntchito zaulimi ndi luso, ngakhale kuti ndithu fuko pankhondo. Aaziteki, kuti poyamba kukhala moyo wongokhala, kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali kufunafuna malo oyenera. Iwo anachita osati mwachisawawa, koma malinga ndi umboni wa mulungu wawo Huitzilopochtli. Malinga ndi iye, kwa anthu achi anali kuona mphungu pansi pa nkhadze kudya dziko.

izo zinachitika

Ngakhale strangeness chizindikiro zaka 165 za akungoyendayenda m'dziko la Aaziteki Mexico kuti akuikwanitsa izi mbalame zachinsinsi ndi khalidwe zachilendo. Kumalo kumene izo zinachitika, ndipo inayamba kulinganiza fuko. Aaziteki otchedwa tawuni yawo woyamba wa mumzinda wa Tenochtitlán (yomasulira - "chipatso cha mtengo kukula m'miyala"). dzina lina dziko lino - Mexico City. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chitukuko Aztec analengedwa ndi mafuko angapo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti panafika zosachepera zisanu ndi ziwiri mafuko kulankhula zinenero nkhaniyi, ambiri amene anali Chinawato. Ndani, ndipo akufanana nawo m'zilembo chimalankhulidwa ndi anthu oposa 1 miliyoni.

The wamba ndi makalasi chapamwamba

Kodi chitukuko Aztec kutumikira monga chitsanzo cha bungwe yamakono ya anthu? Omenyana kwa kufanana ndithu sindimakonda Aztec magawano ndi olemekezeka ndi plebeians. Ndipo anthu mkulu anthu ndi zabwino zonse. Iwo ankakhala m'nyumba yapamwamba, ankavala zovala zokongola, kudya chakudya chabwino, anali kwambiri maudindo unachitika apamwamba. The plebeians ankagwira pansi, nagula nazo malonda, yosakidwa, ndaweza ndi moyo olemera pa okuzungulilani yeniyeni. Koma atafa onse analandira mwayi wofanana kutenga kumidima, malo a mulungu wa imfa, Mictlan, kapena kupita ku dziko labwino. Popeza asilikali a dziko la Aaziteki ntchito ulemu wapadera akufa kunkhondo akhoza limodzi ndi dzuwa, kuyambira m'mawa mpaka pachimake, komanso ngati anthu amene anapereka nsembe. Ulemu limodzi dzuwa pachimake mpaka madzulo kulandira akazi amene anamwalira akubereka. "Mwayi Inu" tinganene kuti ndi amene anaphedwa ndi mphezi kapena kufa mwemo. Iwo kugwera mu malo wakumwamba, kumene anakhala mulungu wa mvula Tlalokan.

Abambo ndi ana

Fuko mu funso m'nkhani ino, kumvetsera kwambiri maphunziro a ana. Mpaka 1 chaka iwo kunyumba, ndiyeno nawo sukulu yapadera. Komanso, anyamata ndi atsikana, ngakhale yotsirizira zambiri m'banja, anakhalabe pakhomo ndipo anaonerera ng'ombe ndi ana. Wamba anaphunzitsidwa luso Chotsimikizika, zochita nkhondo. Ankaikonda anaphunzira mbiri, sayansi ya chikhalidwe maphunziro, miyambo, kasamalidwe. Ana a mamembala mkulu anthu sanali cit. Iwo ankagwira ntchito pagulu, chinatha mu mipingo, nawo miyambo ya. Nkhalamba anadikira ulemu, kulemekeza, ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana.

Aztec Culture

Palibe zodabwitsa anataya chitukuko anthu amakopeka ngakhale lero. Aaziteki anali ambuye lalikulu la luso lawo, kotero zinyumba, ziboliboli, mwala ndi dongo, nsalu, zibangili chapamwamba. Makamaka wolemekezeka luso Aztec kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera nthenga yowala mbalame otentha. Kotchuka Zithunzi Aztec ndi zodzikongoletsera. Ankaikonda chidwi mabuku. Ambiri a iwo akanakhoza kugona pansi ndakatulo kapena kulemba ntchito m'kamwa. Kuti anapulumuka nthano, nkhani, ndakatulo, mafotokozedwe a miyambo ya anthu. mabuku Paper anapangidwa kuchokera makungwa. Chidwi ndi kalendala amene analenga dziko lino. Aaziteki ntchito dzuwa ndi kalendala mwambo. Malinga ndi kalendala ya dzuwa ankachiritsa ntchito za ulimi ndi ntchito chipembedzo. Mpheroyi masiku 365. Kalendala chachiwiri zikuphatikizapo masiku 260, ankagwiritsa ntchito maulosi. Za tsogolo la munthu adzaweruzidwa ndi mmene tsiku adabadwa. Kufikira tsopano, ambiri chuma alenje ndimalota za kupeza golide wa Aaziteki. Ndipo anakhala nthawi yawo wolemera kwambiri. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi nkhani za agonjetsi Spanish. Iwo amanena kuti olemera Aaziteki, makamaka likulu, Tenochtitlan, anadya ndi kugona golide. milungu yawo anapereka wachifumu golide, pa mapazi a amene anali golide bullion.

chipembedzo Aztec

Anthu ku fuko uyu ankakhulupirira kuti pali milungu angapo omwe amalamulira mphamvu za chilengedwe ndi malo anthu. Iwo anali milungu ya madzi, chimanga, mvula, dzuwa, nkhondo, ndi ena ambiri. Aaziteki anamanga yaikulu, molemera chokongoletsedwa akachisi. Yaikulu zoyenera umulungu waukulu Tenochtitlán ndipo anali mamita 46 mkulu. Akachisi inkachitikira miyambo ndi nsembe. Izo zinkakhalira Aaziteki ndi lingaliro la moyo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti kukhala malo ake mwamuna ndi ziwiya mtima ndi magazi. Ife kutenga zimachitika mawonetseredwe ake. Malinga Aaziteki, moyo kuyika mu thupi milungu pa nthawi imene iye m'mimba. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti munthu adzatenga zinthu ndi nyama. Aaziteki ankaganiza kuti pakati pawo panali kugwirizana wapadera kuti amalola kuti kucheza pa mlingo wosawonekawo. Komanso, Aaziteki ankaganiza kuti munthu aliyense ali ndi matsenga awiri. imfa yake zinachititsa kuti imfa ya munthu. Nkhanza za Aaziteki Trays mafano awo magazi mwini. Kuti tichite zimenezi, tiyenera kuchita magazi m'mitsempha mwambo. Nthawi zambiri, Aaziteki Ankapereka nsembe anthu lalikulu zedi. Choona chodziwika kuti pa kuyatsa kwa Great Temple a anthu 2,000 nsembe. Aaziteki ndi kuganizira za mapeto a dziko, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti wambirimbiri magazi akhoza kusangalatsa milungu ndi kusunga bwino dziko.

chitukuko Aztec anatayika chifukwa cha dyera la Spain. Izo zinachitika pa chiyambi cha m'ma XVI, koma amanditenga ndingaliro ya mbiri ya moyo fuko, mbisoweka ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi. Kodi chimwemwe golide Aztec kumabweretsa, aliyense aganiza okha.