Kodi lobaya maselo? Ntchito lobaya maselo

mbali chidwi ndi khalidwe gulu la nyama multicellular, amene ali a mtundu wa Cnidarians, kapena Cnidaria. Cnidarians ndi dongosolo losavuta koma adzalandira zimakhala awa, matumbo patsekeke. Mmodzi wa mayina gulu mwamwayi - coelenterates. yofunika kwambiri mu thupi kuchita maselo lobaya (knidotsity, nematotsity). Iwo amatumikira kuukira nyama ndi kuteteza adani.

Kodi zikakhala ndi knidotsitami?

Cnidarians - m'madzi komanso nyama madzi amoyo pafupifupi M'madera a zitunda zonse. Radially symmetrical cnidarians thupi limodzi awiri mitundu ya thupi - polypoid kapena Medusoid. Oimira mtundu woyamba zimasiyana mu maonekedwe, ena ngati zomera. Mu tentacles modabwitsa ndipo m'kamwa M'mimbamo downwards. Monga ulamuliro, coelenterates izi tiwolokere momasuka, koma mitundu iwiri ya thupi taphunzira mu mibadwo yosiyana. maselo lobaya ndi pafupifupi onse cnidarians, iwo ili tentacles lapansi. Madzi oyera cnidarian zosakwana nyanja. Pali mwa zamoyo zimenezi payekha ndipo atsamunda.

Cnidarians mtundu zikuphatikizapo magulu awa a nyama

• hydroid (Hydrozoa);
• scyphoids (Scyphozoa);
• ngale (Anthozoa);
• modabwitsa (Cubozoa);
• Polypodium Hydriforme (Polypodiozoa).

Kodi lobaya maselo?

Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu achigiriki «cnidos» limatanthauza "nettle", omwe amagwirizana ndi kukhalapo mu chivundikiro lakunja kwa makapisozi nyama wodzazidwa ndi chinsinsi chakupha. Childs, maselo lobaya mu tentacles wa cnidarians sukulu okonzeka ndi cilium tcheru. Mkati knidotsita ndi thumba la wamng'ono ndi adagulung'undisa ting'onoting'ono chubu - lobaya ulusi. Ikukhala ngati kasupe youmba ndi harpoon a. yofunika kwambiri kutsegula maselo uli kuyatsa ayoni calcium, kusintha ndende ndi kuthamanga madzimadzi mkati kapisozi a. Tikumbukenso kuti cnidarians osati kulabadira zimene zikuchitika onse akunja, kuti kuwononga lobaya maselo. Pa thupi nyama ali molekezera mitsempha kapena maselo othandiza kuona kusintha chilengedwe.

ndi ntchito ya maselo lobaya chiyani?

Small kukhudzana ndi mdani kapena kupanga kusintha kuthamanga madzi chinthu chokwawa kungachititse kuti kukondoweza kwa tsitsi tcheru. Knidotsity komweko akhoza kuchita zinthu mapuloteni. Ndicho chimene chimachitika atadziŵa maselo lobaya:

1. Open kapu pamwamba, akukumana chilengedwe.
2. Lobaya ulusi ndi anaweramuka ndi spikes lakuthwa pansi ndi munakhala mu thupi la munthu wovulalayo.
3. Cnidocyte amazipotokola kapena glued kuti kupanga.
4. Tochoka njoka amachititsa ziwalo kapena kuwotcha.
5. Akuchita ntchito yake, knidotsity anaphedwa ndipo m'malo pambuyo maola 48 osauka atsopano.

Chifukwa ndende mkulu ndi yolongosoka kanthu knidotsitov pa tentacles ndi, coelenterates nyama kukantha chilombo kapena nyama angathe. Poizoni amene amawononga minyewa mkati makapisozi lobaya maselo kutilepheretsa nyama ndi chifukwa amayaka yaing'ono kuchokera ku zamoyo lalikulu.

Cnidarians ankasakidwa nyama?

Pa zatsopano anakhazikitsa kuti ejects cnidocyte "harpoon" ululu ndipo mkati 3 milliseconds pambuyo kukhudzana ndi nyama zina. Mphezi selo ayankhe alibe analogues kuthengo. liwiro lake ndi mphamvu zimene ulusi adzamasulidwa lobaya zokwanira kudutsa chipolopolo mwakhama ena nkhanu! Major oimira coelenterates kuukira nsomba ndi kudzipatula nkhanu. Koma cnidarians kwambiri chakudya chodalirika ndi zamoyo zing'onozing'ono monga zomera ndi benthos. Tikumbukenso kuti coelenterates ambiri osandimva kwa adani, ngakhale lobaya maselo. Woterowo chida yoopsa mu tentacles, iwo akadali kukhala chinthu kusaka nyama zina.

Kodi kudya "maluwa" a dziko nyama?

Ngale kupanga madera m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. Anemones kapena anemones nyanja kukhala mbeta, kukonde- adzakonze miyala, zipolopolo, miyala ndi miyala. Tentacles ndi pakamwa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, amene ali a kalasi Anthozoa, kawirikawiri opezeka pa pamwamba, mbali pansi ndi Ufumuyo gawo lapansi ndi. anemone pakamwa atazungulira tentacles, amene knidotsity. Ntchito lobaya maselo a anemone nyanja ndi kuukira pa migodi podziteteza kwa adani. Anemones akhoza kusokoneza ndi entangle moto nyama zing'onozing'ono ulusi. Ena cnidarians anatambasula tentacles chimene chili chofunika kwa moyo wongokhala.

Vuto la chakudya komanso zochimwazo kumathetsa kanthu mofulumira a poizoni amene amawononga minyewa lobaya maselo. Pa kukhudzana, iwo akhoza kugwetsa nyama ndi kubweza kuukira kwa adani.

Kodi moyo nyama hydroid?

Hydrozoa oimira kalasi zimapezeka madzi, madzi a Antarctica, chakuya nyanja mabeseni. A gulu hydra limnomedusae, siphonophores, subclasses ena ndi magulu. Ambiri a iwo - ogwirira kuti kusakasaka ntchito knidotsitov. Cnidarian lobaya maselo za thupi hydroids ndi kusiyana kwambiri kukula ndi mphamvu ya ululu. Pali kulekana ntchito pakati pa magulu a zamoyo mu chambiri tizilombo ting'onoting'ono: anadyetsa imodzi, ena kuteteza, ena amagwiritsa ntchito kuswana. Ena modabwitsa kupeza chakudya, n'kulowera ku madzi ndi feelers mapulani zimene zimawononga zomera, pamene ena kusambira mwakhama pofunafuna chakudya. coelenterates kumeneko kuti amatha makamaka kusaka nyama, zomwe chiyerekezo chizindikiro zolandilira padziko thupi.

Kodi knidotsity stsifo- ndi modabwitsa ali oopsa?

Makulidwe nyama a kalasi Scyphozoa osiyanasiyana kuchokera mamilimita 12 kwa 2.4 mamita awiri. Ngakhale m'njira lalikulu palibe mafupa, mutu, ziwalo kupuma. A nthumwi ankaikira gulu - translucent Aurelia opindika m'makona - zochepa poizoni kuposa modabwitsa ena. Akuluakulu kudya zomera kutsatira tentacles lapansi. Stsifomeduzy ndi knidotsitov ambiri ndi maselo ozungulira m'kamwa ndi tentacles. cholinga chawo chachikulu - kudziwa ndi kutilepheretsa nyama.

Woopsa nyama zazing'ono lobaya maselo chimphona cyano (Cyanea arctica). Ndipo pamene anakumana ndi anthu knidotsity chifukwa amayaka wa kusinthasintha mwamphamvu. Nthawi zambiri pali zotupa ndi redness mwangozi poizoni kuti alowe khungu. Modabwitsa - okhala madzi ofunda mwa nyanja ndipo nyanja - amatha kanthu mwamsanga. Ena mwa iwo ndi owopsa kwa anthu: amayaka analandira chifukwa cha ichi "kulankhulana", kungachititse kuti imfa.

Coelenterates ndi anthu

Vuto la ubwenzi wa anthu ndi nyama zomwe a mtundu wa Cnidarians, ndi yosiyanasiyana. osiyanasiyana ambiri ndi mafani gombe tchuthi mwa nyanja bwino lobaya coelenterates katundu. maselo lobaya khalidwe la modabwitsa akuyandama mu ndime madzi. Ngakhale pang'ono kukhudzana ndi ambiri a iwo kungachititse m'maboma matenda, zilonda zamoto, khungu likuyabwa. Kusangalala pamadzi kapena kukasambira pansi pamadzi, inu angofunika kutsatira lamulo limene limati motere: ". Kuyang'ana koma musakhudze" Mankhwala abwino kwa amayaka tentacles wa modabwitsa akuti ndi otentha madzi, ndiye ozizira compress ndi phwando mankhwala a antihistamine. Vuto lina zovuta mogwirizana kwa anthu ndi m'zigawo coelenterates matanthwe kupanga zodzikongoletsera, alendo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, asayansi modetsa nkhawa imfa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono - omanga olemera ndi zovuta nyumba m'madzi. Iwo kulenga malo kwa iwowo komanso invertebrates zina ndi nsomba. moti matanthwe ku nyanja ofunda ndi nyanja padziko lonse akukumana zotsatira kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, amenewa ndi zina madzi.

Colony tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kukula pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka ndi millimeters ochepa pa chaka. Popanda nyumba matanthwe ndi zovuta kuganizira dziko m'madzi amene kotero amakopeka ndi kukongola wapadera ndi chithumwa.