The First World nkhondo: a asilikali. Akazembe, ndi atsogoleri a Dziko Lonse Yoyamba

Nthawi zonse panali nkhondo yaikulu yomwe inatenga zaka zoposa chimodzi. Ndipo nthawi zonse chifukwa cha zomwe zikuyenda bwino kwambiri wa asilikali inafuna kuti asilikali munthu odziwa. Apo ayi, wina adzichita ngati iye akufuna, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti kugonjetsedwa mosalephera. Kuti asilikali n'kumaganiza amene anachita pa utsogoleri wa asilikali. Wina anathamanga asilikali bwino, munthu - ziri zoyipa. Komabe, izi sikungawononge chakuti mayina a asilikali anapita mu mbiri.

Mayina a asilikali lalikulu afunika kudziwa

Ambiri kukumbukira First World nkhondo. Ankhondo mu mbiri ya nthawi iyi, ankaimba wina wa mbali zofunika kwambiri. Kuti nkhabe monga kusankha tsoka la zikwi asilikali nkhondo zambiri. Ndipo iwo, kutsogolera asilikali anapereka kwa tikumenya nkhondo itatha ndi chigonjetso popanda chifukwa. Komabe, anthu ochepa maina awo. Ndipo ngakhale gulu lalikulu pa siteji iyi pang'onopang'ono kuiwalika.

Ngwazi asilikali a nkhondo World ndinapanga kwambiri anamanganso. Ayenera kukumbukira ndi ulemu. Choncho, takambiranazi, anaganiza kuganizira a asilikali wotchuka, amene anatenga gawo mu nkhondo zambiri.

Asilikali mlangizi Alekseev

Mihail Vasilevich Alekseev anabadwa ndi kukulira ku banja la bwana. Pophunzira wake pa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi Michael sasamalira bwino kwambiri. Iye ngakhale sanaphunzire bungwe maphunziro, anaganiza kuchita mongodzipereka mu 2 Rostov Grenadier Regiment. Pambuyo Mikhail analowa Moscow sukulu asilikali ndi maphunziro ulemu. M'tsogolo, wotchuka mkulu njira yake inayamba ndi Chirasha Turkey nkhondo. Mu 1904 iye analandira udindo wa Major General. Iye nawo Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Mu 1917, Alexeev kukhulupirira Nicholas II wosowa abdication. Kwa nthawi yochepa boma anamuika kukhala malo a Mtsogoleri Wamkulu. Komabe, chifukwa lamulo lakukonzanso makhoti asilikali Alekseev inachotsedwa malo okwezeka, natisunthitsa kwa alangizi a asilikali.

The yojambula, amene anapita mu mbiri

ndi asilikali a nkhondo World kumbukirani anatulukira awo amunamuna chiyani? Kuyenera anatsindika Brusilova Alekseya Alekseevicha. Iye anabadwa mu banja la mkulu-General. Makolo mtsogoleri wawo m'tsogolo anataya ali wamng'ono, kotero analeredwa ndi achibale. Alexei mokwanira mapangidwe wabwino chinapezeka. Mu St. Petersburg, iye anafika mu 1867. Mu 1872 iye analandira mu utumiki ndi udindo wa chizindikiro. Kugwira nawo nkhondo Chirasha Turkey iye ali madongosolo atatu nkhondo. Pa kumenyanako zayambitsa chipwirikiti mu itachita wa linga wa Ardahan. Brusilov komanso ankagwira ntchito yotamandika mu adani a Kars.

Chifukwa Alexei ikhale, kunena zimene a asilikali ndi atsogoleri a Dziko Lonse Yoyamba anasonyeza kuti mbali zozizwitsa? Mu 1916 anaikidwa mkulu mmodzi wa amadzibisa kuti anamupatsa iye mwayi kuchita paokha. Ndipo patapita kanthawi kochepa mu chaka chimodzi, anali wakuti mphamvu ochepa, ikuchitika yojambula poteteza mdani (asilikali Austria-German). Mu mbiri ya kanthu izi nkhondowo inali kutchedwa Brusilov zolawula. Opaleshoni imeneyi ndi pakati yaikulu. Zinachititsa mu zomvetsa zikuluzikulu mbali ya mdani. Pambuyo yopuma ndi dziko la Germany tinawasamutsira 17 magulu kum'mawa kwa Front Western.

"Iron" Brigade

Kodi mtundu wa anthu nalemekeza First World nkhondo? Ankhondo, asilikali Russian ndi anthu wamba adzipangira zambiri zochita zozizwitsa. Ndipo mbali yofunika kwambiri kupambana ambiri ankaimba Denikin Anton Ivanovich. Iye anabadwa mu chigawo Warsaw ku banja la yaikulu wopuma pantchito. Nkhondo woyamba nawo zikuchokera 4. "chitsulo" brigade wa 12 Army Corps. Motsogozedwa ndi asilikali General Kaledin, amene anali Anton Ivanovich kumbuyo mipita ya Carpathians. Pa nkhondo izi Denikin inalandiridwa Woyera Order a George mlingo lachitatu. Mu 1915, a brigade anali reorganized kulowa mugawo a. Asilikali mowirikiza anatumiza mmbuyo kumene iwo akanakhoza kukhala anatulukira ndi chilengedwe kuopseza.

Mu September 1915, Denikin mu "Iron Division" nkhondo mzinda wa Lutsk. nkhondoyo inatha bwinobwino mu ukapolo unatengedwa 20 zikwi adani. Pambuyo nkhondo imeneyi amunamuna Denikin analimbikitsidwa ndi msilikali wamba. Kuyankhula za izo, zomwe a asilikali wamkulu wa First World nkhondo anachititsa chipwirikiti, tisaiwale kuti Denikin nawo nkhondo kwa Czartoryski. Sitingathe kunena kuti iye anakhala wopambana wa Lutsk yojambula chamuna kuchita ntchito yake. Pakuti luso la nkhondo ndi mtima kaŵirikaŵiri mphoto chidatengedwa - George Zida umene chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Osati chigonjetso yekha ayende akazembe

Osati kokha Russian asilikali anakumbukira First World nkhondo. ngwazi Warlords akupezeka m'mayiko ena a asilikali. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Fosh Ferdinand. Mu 1911, udindo wawo yotsatira ambiri chinapezeka, kenako anasankhidwa mkulu wa magawano. Mu 1912, anatenga lamulo la 8 Corps ku Bourges. Chaka chotsatira, lamulo lake anasamukira 20 Corps mu Nancy. Patapita nthawi, Army Gulu anaganiza kuti adzathe mawonekedwe mu 9 TH French asilikali amene lamulo anali General Foch. Iwo asilikali anali amunamuna kunkhondo pa mtsinje Marne, zomwe zinachitika mu 1914. Motsogozedwa ndi asilikali Foch a anapirira alimbane la mdani. Pambuyo akuvutika zomvetsa katundu, mkulu komabe anakhoza kugwira mzinda wa Nancy. Komabe, patapita nthawi pambuyo asilikali a Somme anatayika, General Ferdinand Foch anachotsedwa ku malo ake.

Popanda nkhondo wamagazi sanachite vuto lililonse

France zingawonongeka kwambiri First World nkhondo. A asilikali ayesetsa kuteteza malo awo, koma Sizotheka. July 21 Germany walengeza nkhondo pa France. Mkulu wa asilikali French anakhala Joseph Zhak Zhoffr. Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa nkhondo iye ankayenera kuti akonze kugona ndi anagwirizana mayiko England. Chifukwa chakuti ankhondo zikuchitika mu France ndi North Belgium, Yosefe anakhala nkhani yofunika pokonzekera kulimbana Pamalo. mphamvu German anali kwambiri amadzibisa onse, monga General Joffre popanda nkhondo wamagazi sanafooke.

Mkulu, amene anali wolemekezeka ndi njira woipitsitsawu nkhondo

Kodi asilikali a Dziko Lonse Yoyamba anachititsa chipwirikiti ku nkhondo? Kuyenera otchulidwa Lyudendorfa Erika, amene ngakhale anali kuthandiza onse Gindenborga, kudzikonda anatsogolera zochita za asilikali pa East Front. Ndipo mu 1916, anayamba kusamalira magulu onse onyamula zida a Germany. Ludendorff anali wothandiza njira ankhanza a kupondereza ndi zipolowe za anthu. Iye ndi n'chinthu chofunikira njira ambiri osatukuka a zipolowe za nkhondo. Inali pa kuumirira wake, Germany anapezerapo sitima zapamadzi nkhondo unrestricted. Komabe, tiyenera ananena kuti anali strategy wake osadziwika kuti lalembedwa osati kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Union, komanso maiko a Entente, likuvutika ndi wolephera. Ndipo izo ziri zomwe zinachititsa kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali German.

Umunthu wa First World nkhondo

Akazembe kusankha tsoka la anthu ambirimbiri. Ndipo agwiritsidwa kwathunthu kwa mkulu wa East Front Hindenburg. Iye adadziwa pachiyambi cha 1916 anakwanitsa kusokoneza nagonjetsa Soviet pafupi ndi nyanja Naroch. Nalamulira gulu lalikulu, iye anapita counterattack asilikali patsogolo, amene anatha kubooleza chitetezo cha German. Kumapeto kwa 1916, anaikidwa mkulu wa General ndodo ya Field. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa Germany mu nkhondo Hindenburg anakhala mtsogoleri wa asilikali amene anayenera kubisa zochita kunachitika. Ndipo anali uyamiko kwa Iye amene anali wokhoza kusunga lankhondo lamphamvu koyenera kuti chitsitsimutso cha mphamvu.

Pomaliza

zomvetsa ambiri ndi mavuto kunabweretsa Nkhondo Yoyamba ya Dziko. A asilikali, komanso asilikali wamba, akuyesera kutsogolera asilikali anu chigonjetso. Komabe, izi sizingatheke. Ndipo ngakhale bwino kwambiri poyamba Mwachidule kumenyana kenako inasanduka kugonja. Koma ungwazi wa atsogoleri a asilikali, mphamvu zawo kuchita nkhondo asilikali sali pansi kukayika kulikonse. Kutenga njira zina sanali muyezo, anyoza asilikali mdani, kukakamiza iwo kuthawa minda nkhondo. Ndipo mulole izo sizinali pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, ambiri ncthito kupambana mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, mayina a atsogoleri n'kofunika. Iwo anapanga limati mbiri mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa anthu.