Dreyk Frensis - English wofufuza ndi privateer: yonena, chidwi mfundo

Frensis Dreyk - kuyenda panyanja, anatulukira ndipo ankakonda Buccaneer Mfumukazi ya England. zochuluka wake ndi maulendo anapanga ambiri kumfunafuna mu expanses zedi nyanja. Komabe ochepa anakwanitsa afike mlingo wa chuma ndi kutchuka, amene ziwanda Frensis Dreyk.

yonena

Wofufuzayo tsogolo anabadwira ku Middle England, mwana wa mlimi olemera. Dreyk Frensis anali mwana woyamba m'banja lalikulu. Monga mwana wamkulu, iye ankapita malonda atate wake, koma mtima wa achinyamata Francis a nyanja. Kale pa zaka 12 anakhala kanyumba mnyamata pa yonyamula katundu mmodzi wa abale ake ambiri. Mwakhama ndi kudya kuphunzira m'madzi sayansi anathandiza kwa anzake. Mwini anasangalala kwambiri achinyamata Dreyk Frensis kuti, akufa, iye anasiya kale Junge chombo tinatengera. zaka Choncho 18 Drake akukhala mkulu wa ngalawa wake.

buthulo ulendo

Poyamba, monga akuluakulu onse a zombo wamalonda Dreyk Frensis lankhosa katundu zosiyanasiyana zamitundu yosiyanasiyana mu ufumu British. Mu 1560, Amalume Drake, Dzhon Hokins, anafotokoza kuchepa analibe ntchito pa m'minda ya New World. Ganizo kubweretsa Native American ntchito yokakamiza sanali bwino - Amwenye sanafune ntchito, Musawope ndi kuphedwa, ndi achibale awo ndi chonyansa chizolowezi kubwezera anthu woyera anabedwa ndi kuzunzidwa ndi Redskins.

Chinthu china - akapolo. Iwo akhoza kubweretsa ndi kontinenti Black, kugula zokongoletsera kuti, kugulitsa kapena malonda. Pakuti ife m'nthawi ya 21, mawu awa kuwomba amwano. Koma munthu wa ku England zaka za m'ma 16 iyo inali chabe malonda - mofanana zina.

Malonda ogulitsa anthu

Malamulo a Dziko Latsopano analoledwa kugulitsa okhawo akapolo amene ankapereka Kusinthanitsa House Seville. Koma kufunika kwa akapolo kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya gulu malonda, ndi atsamunda anataya katundu wolemera. Eni tiyi m'minda ya khofi, thonje ndi fodya anali okonzeka kulipira ndalama ntchito wotchipa.

Hawkins anaganiza pachiswe izo. Iye anagawana mapulani ake ndi makampani akuluakulu malonda, ndi iwo anamupatsa iye ndalama kuti tiyambepo. Kale buthulo ulendo ku Dziko Latsopano ndi anthu zokhalapo adzakhala kulipidwa ndi ndalama padera ku kampaniyo. Ngakhale kuti ankakhulupirira kuti zochita za Hawkins chilichonse cholakwika ndi zaka yapamadzi achisangalalo ku mfuti ndi mfuti, pamene kazembeyo sakugwirizana ndi njira ntchito yake. Msonkho mabizinesi zonse zasintha chuma cha England. Zingapo ndege ku Africa kupita ku Dziko Latsopano anachita Hawkins komanso ogula wake anthu olemera kwambiri.

Ogwira Hawkins, Drake

The ulendo wachitatu Hawkins anatenga mphwake Francis Drake ndipo mwachizolowezi anapita ku gombe la Africa kwa anthu. Pa nthawiyi, Dreyk Frensis anali odziwa mkulu, tidapita ku za Bay a Biscay ndipo anawoloka Atlantic pamodzi ndi yake ANKAZEMBETSA KATUNDU John Lovell. Olowa ulendo momvetsa chisoni - zombo corsair anapeza mkuntho, ndi squadron kuchokera Inde, flagship avutika kwambiri kuposa ena. Dzhon Hokins ankabwera chifukwa kukonza ndi kupita ku doko la San Juan de Ulua, m'dera la Honduras. Kumbuyo kwake ndinapita ndi Frensis Dreyk. Kuti anapeza - izi ndi oipa kwambiri phwando kuti anapatsa tawuni awiri Oyendetsa. Mfuti doko motsimikizira anachenjeza kuti njira ndi choopsa kwambiri, ndipo zokambirana akuluakulu aboma akhala zinalephereka. Panthawi imeneyi anaonekera m'chizimezime matanga wa Spanish m'mphepete mwa nyanja zombo. The ozembetsa anali kulowa nkhondo ndi wosiyana. Sitima Francis Drake "tsekwe" zochepa kuonongeka pa nthawi ya mkuntho, ndi Corsair anathawa ku Aiwo wake, kusiya bwenzi adzawonongedwa.

Atafika gombe English, Drake aliyense kuti amalume ake anaphedwa mu nkhondo ndi wosiyana. Koma patapita masabata angapo kudikira Corsair zosasangalatsa kukumana: monga kunapezeka, Hawkins wakhala anatha kupulumuka, ndipo iye ndi othawa angapo oyendetsa akhoza kuthawa misampha Honduran. Sizikudziwika zimene analankhula amalume ndi mphwake, koma patatha zaka zochepa, iwo anakonza ulendo watsopano ndi analowa kachiwiri mu New World.

Pirate Frensis Dreyk

Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, Drake analumbira kubwezera kulephera kwa Spanish korona Honduran kunkhondo. Iye nthawi zonse anathamangitsa zombo Spanish, kuchititsa kuwonongeka ndithu kuti korona. Mmene ku Spain ankafunitsitsa kuukira zonse Drake, zikuonekera chifukwa chakuti mutu English Wakuba a anaikidwa mphotho ya 20 chikwi. Ducats. kubwezera choipa ulendo wake woyamba Portsmouth doko mu 1572. Pa zombo ziwiri - "tsekwe" ndi "Pasha" - anapita ku Dziko Latsopano ndipo anatha analanda doko Colombia wa Nombre de A Dios. Apa iye anakwanitsa kulanda zombo zingapo Spanish n'kuulanda olemera zofunkha. Ndiye Drake anawoloka kamtunda kopita ku chilumba cha Panama kuona Pacific Ocean. Mwina mtundu wa chosefukira danga Wakuba anauziridwa kulenga kuganizira kuti akhoza kunyamula Patapita zaka zingapo.

Nkhondo ndi Ireland

Pa nthawi imeneyi, dziko la mkulu wolimba, kunabuka nkhondo. Ireland wapanga pofuna wina kuti apeze ufulu wawo. Drake akugwirizana tipezekemo Essex Earl ndi watenga mbali mu nkhondo panyanja motsutsa Irish. Mu squadron wake anali atatu boma frigate amene anaukira midzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja Irish ndipo Tidawamiza zombo mdani. Pakuti utumiki zombo boma la Dreyk Frensis unaperekedwa kwa Mfumukazi monga mwa kupambana kwa atsogoleriwo.

Malangizo - America South

Unknown, kufika mkulu pakukonzedwa wake kwa Mfumukazi Elizabeth kapena zinachitika mu umodzi wa misonkhano lotsatira ngati msonkhano woyamba. Drake anatsindika mfundo yakuti hegemony la Spain ku America ziyenera kuwonongeka, ndi gombe la Africa South America ndi abwino kwa cholinga ichi. Iye adzaononga madera Spanish ili lino ndi n'kutsamira pa mapazi a Elizabeth zofunkha kwambiri. Mfumukazi ya England anapeza maganizo Drake ndi chidwi kwambiri moti zombo asanu boma.

ulendo dziko

Mu December 1577 anayamba zaka zitatu ulendo wa Frensis Dreyk (1577 - 1580). zombo wake walunjika America South. Pambuyo nkhondo pafupi ndi Rio de La Plata, iye anapitiriza kufotokoza kum'mwera ndi zombo ziwiri atazungulira Patagonia. Pambuyo skirmishes zingapo ndi mbadwa iye anali kukwaniritsa Khwalala of Magellan, amene chinamasulidwa mu 1520. Pa nthawi ya mkuntho, iye anaiwala chombo ake lachiwiri, limene pamapeto, ku gombe British wekha. A flagship za "Golden kunsana" anapitiriza ulendo wake padziko lonse.

kugombe ena

Pa Pacific gombe la America South Drake bwinobwino agwidwa madoko wachuma wa Peru ndi Chile, nalanda zombo wamalonda ndi olemedwa ndi abe. kupambana lalikulu anali adani a zazikulu Spanish ngalawa "Nuestra Senora de A Concepcion" - zombo zabwino Spanish squadron. Drake analanda chombo kunyamula katundu wolemera wa golide ndi siliva bullion, amene anali pafupifupi mapaundi 150,000 - ndalama lowoneka masiku amenewo. Pozindikira kuti ku Spain anakwiya adzakhala akuyembekezera iye pa maulendo mwachizolowezi, Drake anaganiza zombozi ya Pacific Ocean ndi kubwerera kunyumba ya msewu watsopano. Powonjezera nkhokwe zake 1579, anasamukira ku kumadzulo.

Pa ulendo wa Drake kuvala mapu kwa chilumbachi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja mzere, ndi kugwirizananso ndi mbadwa, potero kuika maziko ntchito ya England ndi ku Asia.

Kukwaniritsa mu England

Pafupifupi zaka zitatu ulendo zinatha. Mu September 1580 Drake anafika ku Plymouth. Iye anabweretsa ku doko osati sitima, komanso analanda sitima Spanish, anadzatchedwa "Kakafuego". Mfumukazi ndi mwansangala kwambiri kuwalandira Drake chifukwa cha kuukira kwake Wakuba kwambiri kubwezeretsanso chuma chake. Koroleva Elizaveta mwakachetechete anakwera m'ngalawa "Golden kunsana" ndi kutulutsa Captain Drake anali knighted. Choncho wapatsidwa udindo wa Wakuba Sir Frensis Dreyk, ndipo ankati m'nthawi yake anapeza chisomo cha Mfumukazi, komanso anali kum'konda kwambiri wake.

ntchito Corsair siinalekezere pambuyo pa chigonjetso. 1585 an'gumana mu Caribbean, kumene adalamulira zombo 25 la Ufumu wake. Iwo analanda mzinda wachuma wa San Domingo ndi kubweretsa pa fodya English gombe ndi mbatata. ntchito Captain Drake itatha mu 1595 pambuyo Pofuna analephera kugwila Las Palmas. Mu nkhondo ya amalume Drake anamwalira - Dzhon Hokins, ndipo kapitawo anadwala malungo, anapita kwawo. Koma, mwatsoka, matenda patsogolo, ndi Pirate wotchuka anafa Portobello. Imfa yake inali ndi tsiku losangalatsa ku Spain, kumene uthenga wa imfa Drake anakumana ndi kulira mabelu.

N'zovuta Musaone zopereka za mbiri ya Sir Frensis Dreyk. Ata-, mungazipeze pa mapu a dziko. Pakati zithunzi zambiri ntchito coastlines ndi zilumba yaing'ono emblazoned khwalala kwambiri pakati pa America South ndi Antarctica. khwalala izi pa mapu onse a dziko lili ndi dzina la Francis Drake - ndi Pirate wotchuka corsair Ufumu wake.