The ulamuliro wa Hitler: The Rise, anagwa mfuti, akulowera ndi mphoto

The ulamuliro wa Hitler (Drittes Ulamuliro wa Nazi) - otchedwa mwamwayi German boma kuchokera 1933 mpaka 1945. Ulamuliro wa Nazi ku Germany mawu amatanthauza "m'dzikolo imvera mphamvu yomweyo." Koma ngati ulamuliro, izo likumasuliridwa kuti "mphamvu", "Ufumu", kupatula mu "ufumu." Izi zidalira pa nkhani yonse. Kenako m'nkhani adzakhululukidwa anafotokoza kudza ndi kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Hitler, zomwe mfundo ya mu ufumu ena ndi zoweta.

zambiri

Mu historiography ya ulamuliro wa Hitler ndi mabuku amatchedwa lopondereza kapena Nazi Germany. Dzina loyamba kawirikawiri ntchito mabuku Soviet. Koma ntchito imeneyi akuti penapake pachithunzichi monga m'maulamuliro lopondereza wa Mussolini mu Italy ndi Hitler anali nazo zosiyana kwambiri. kusiyana anasonyeza M'zikhulupiriro ndi chipangizo ndale. Pa nthawi imeneyo Germany anali m'dziko limene anakhazikitsidwa ndi opondereza boma. Boma chipani chimodzi chokha ndi lalikulu mfundo - National Socialism. pa boma chimafikira mwamtheradi m'madera onse a ntchito. The ulamuliro wa Hitler kuthandiza boma la a German National Socialist Antchito 'Party. Mtsogoleri wa mapangidwe uyu anali Adolf Hitler. Analinso mutu nzika za dziko mpaka imfa yake (1945). Hitler udindo - "Fuehrer ndi Ulamuliro wa Nazi Chancellor." Kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Hitler unali pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Atatsala pang'ono kuti, mu 1944, chiwembu analephera ndi kuphedwa kwa Hitler ( "Mwandichitira chiwembu akazembe") zinachitikadi. Chipani cha Nazi ambiri. Zofunika makamaka anali ikuimira Fascism - ndi swastika. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kulikonse, ngakhale chikalata ndalama ya ulamuliro wa Hitler.

mfundo yachilendo

Kuyambira 1938 m'dera zimenezi, anati kuchita zinazake zoti awonjezere ndale ndi malo. Akulowera ya ulamuliro wa Hitler anapita ku zigawo zosiyana. Mu March, pamwamba, anapangidwa Anschluss (analanda dziko ndi mphamvu), Austria, m'nyengo kuchokera TH September 38 mpaka March 39 TH anali Ufumuyo ku German boma Klaipėda dera ndi Czech Republic. Ndiye dziko unakhala kwambiri. Mu 39 iwo anali Ufumuyo ena dera Polish ndi Dantzig, ndi 41st zinachitika analanda dziko (analanda dziko) Luxembourg.

World

Tikumbukenso bwino kochuruka kwa German Ufumu wa zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo. Akulowera ya ulamuliro wa Hitler anadutsa ambiri a ku Ulaya. M'madera ambiri, kupatulapo Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal ndi Spain anagwidwa. M'madera ena anali wotanganidwa, ena de A facto yozungulira mabungwe boma. Yotsirizira Mwachitsanzo, monga Croatia. Pankhaniyi, pali ena amene anavomereza - ndi Finland ndi Bulgaria. Iwo anali anzawo a Germany ndipo anachita chimodzimodzi palokha mfundo zonse. Koma ndi 1943 pakhala kusintha maudani. Kudalirika anali kumbali ya odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. Ndi January 45 limasonyeza nkhondoyo ukanakulimbikitsani chisanadze nkhondo gawo German. Kugwa kwa ulamuliro wa Hitler, chinachitika pambuyo pa kuvunda kwa boma Flensburg kutsogoleredwa ndi Karl Doenitz. Izo zinachitika mu 1945, patsamba 23 May.

Chitsitsimutso cha chuma

Pa zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Hitler, Germany wakhoza osati mfundo yachilendo. Tiyenera kunena pano kuti Mtsogoleri ndi zina zomwe zachititsa kuti chitsitsimutso chuma cha boma. Zotsatira za ntchito yake ayesedwa angapo akatswiri ena ndi mabwalo ndale monga chozizwitsa. Chinayambira ku unawonongedwa Germany mpaka 1932, ulova anagwa kuchokera mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi chosakwanira kuti 1936 Mu. Mu nthawi yomweyo panali ponso mafakitale (mpaka 102%), kawiri ndalama. Imathandizira pa mayendedwe a ulimi. M'chaka choyamba cha boma Nazi yosamalira chuma makamaka anatsimikiza mtima Yalmarom Shahtom (Hitler yekha pafupifupi sanali kusokoneza ntchito yake). Pankhaniyi, ndondomeko mkati anali umalimbana, Choyamba, ntchito lova chifukwa kuwonjezeka lakuthwa ntchito anthu, ndi kulimbikitsa gawo ogwira ntchito payekha. Boma ngongole ulesi anapereka kwa mu mawonekedwe a ngongole wapadera. Mlingo msonkho makampani kukuza ndalama likulu ndi kupereka azilandira kuwonjezeka ntchito kwambiri utachepa.

Athandiza Hjalmar Schacht

Izo ziyenera kuti chuma dziko kuyambira 1934, asilikali zinayamba maphunzirowo. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, chitsitsimutso woona wa Germany zochokera rearmament. Kuti zimachititsa kuti ntchito ndi bizinesi kalasi anatumizidwa pamodzi ndi ntchito ya usilikali. The nkhondo chuma unapangidwa bungwe m'njira monga kugwira ntchito yamtendere ndi pa nkhondoyo, koma lolunjika pa nkhondo lonse. Mphamvu zanga kuchita zokhudza chuma akhala imatsogoleredwa kulipira zinthu kukonzekera, mwa kukonzanso makamaka. Imodzi mwa njira zake zachinyengo anali kusindikiza banknotes. Schacht akanatha kutembenukira machenjerero zosiyanasiyana za ndalama ndithu handily. chuma okhonda ngakhale masamu kuti pa nthawi imene chilemba German pena 237 maphunziro. Schacht inachita kopindulitsa wotuluka tsintho ndi maiko ena anasonyeza anadabwa kuti akatswiri, ziyenera kuti apamwamba ntchito linayikidwa anthu onse mungathe kukuza malonda. Nakhalanso kotero chuma Schacht kuchokera 1935 mpaka 1938 lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito okha ndalama rearmament. Anapeza pa zizindikiro biliyoni 12.

Control Germana Geringa

chiwerengerochi wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito za Zanga ndipo anakhala "wolamulira" wa chuma German mu 1936. Ngakhale kuti iye anali Goering, monga, ndithudi, Hitler, ndi ignoramus mu dera zachuma, dziko kwapita dongosolo lankhondo la malamulo okwana zoweta. dongosolo zaka zinayi anayamba kupanga, cholinga chimene chinali kusandutsa Germany mu boma kuti akhoza mosadalira kupereka okha ndi zonse zofunikira pa nkhani ya nkhondo ndipo anatseka misewu. Chifukwa, inatha wakhala kusanduka osachepera zotheka, ndinayamba kulamulira mitengo ndi lolimba malipiro, benefiti akhala zochepa 6% pa annum. Tinayamba massively kumanga Megastructures Chachitatu Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Iwo anali zomera yaikulu yopanga nsalu, mphira kupanga, mafuta ndi zinthu zina kuchokera ku zipangizo zake yaiwisi. Komanso anayamba kampani yopanga zitsulo. Makamaka, ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler anali anamangidwira Megastructures - chachikulu mafakitale Goering, imene kupanga ntchito miyala yekha m'deralo. Chifukwa cha chuma German wakhala asonkhanitsidwa kwathunthu kwa khama nkhondo. Mu nkhani iyi, industrialists, amene ndalama amaimirira zikuchepa, zitsulo asilikali a "makina nkhondo." Pamodzi ndi ntchito wanga wakhala womangidwa ndi zofooka yaikulu ndi malipoti.

Economy nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

M'malo mwa Anga WALTHER Funk anabwera mu 1937. Iye anatumikira woyamba monga Mtumiki wa Economy, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, mu 1939, anakhala pulezidenti wa Reichsbank. Malinga ndi akatswiri, Germany pamwamba pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, ambiri, ndithudi, "odukaduka" chuma. Koma kunapezeka kuti khalidwe yaitali kumenyana ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler sanali wokonzeka. zipangizo, zipangizo, zipangizo wakhala okha, ndi buku la kupanga zoweta anali kochepa. Monga izo zinali zopanikiza kwambiri, onse mawu Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe m'zaka nkhondo vuto chuma ntchito. Komabe, ngakhale onse, chifukwa ulamuliro okwana zida boma ndi bungwe German wa chuma akadali anaima pa njanji ankafuna. Ndipo ngakhale nkhondo inachitika, kupanga mu dziko anakula bwinobwino. Kuchuluka ndi kupita kwa nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa makampani usilikali. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1940 izo anakwana 15% kupanga aakulu, ndi 1944 TH - kale 50%.

Development wa sayansi ndi luso m'munsi

Mu Germany, panali dongosolo chachikulu cha gawo mayunivesite sayansi. Iye anali wa mabungwe apamwamba luso ndi yunivesite. Ndi gawo lina ili monga SRI "Society Kaiser Wilhelm". M'gulu mabungwe onse subordinated ku Unduna wa Maphunziro, Education ndi Science. Mu dongosolo ili, imene inali zikwi asayansi, izo zinkayenera Council yake Research, amene mamembala anali oimira amalanga osiyana (mankhwala, foundry ndi migodi, umagwirira, sayansi, etc). Aliyense wasayansi amenewa anali wamng'ono kwa gulu osiyana Akatswiri a mbiri wina. Aliyense bungwe anali kutsogolera sayansi ndi kafukufuku ntchito ndi mapulani a gulu lawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali mafakitale gawo palokha kafukufuku wa sayansi bungwe. losafunika zinadziwika pokhapokha mu 1945 ogwirizana German kuti n'kukagwiritsa zotsatira za ntchito zake yokha. Ndi gawo la mafakitale gulu ankachitira nkhawa zasayansi lalikulu "Siemens", "Zeiss", "Mitundu", "Telefunken", "Osram". Awa ndi makampani ena ndi njira yopambana, zipangizo, akwaniritsa zofunikira luso nthawi, ndi ogwira ntchito kwambiri oyenerera. izi zikhoza ntchito ndi kuposa Mwachitsanzo, ntchito anayambitsa zasayansi.

utumiki Speer

Kuwonjezera kafukufuku ndi magulu mafakitale ndi Laboratories zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku ku mayunivesite si gulu lalikulu la Institute ya zachitetezo Research. Koma, mobwerezanso, gawo ili sanali bwinobwino, ndipo linagawanika mu magawo angapo, momwazikanamwazikana mitundu munthu wa asilikali. Zofunika makamaka anapeza pankhondo utumiki Speer. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mu nthawi iyi kwambiri yafupika kuthekera yobereka Laboratories, komanso mabungwe a zipangizo, zipangizo ndiponso anthu, makampani mu dziko nkomwe kupirira buku lalikulu la malangizo a m'manja mwa asilikali. Speer Utumiki analandira mphamvu kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, kodi kafukufuku ayenera kusiyidwa ngati zosafunika ena kupitiriza, monga n'lofunika ifeyo amene kafukufuku n'kofunika, masewero mwachangu.

nkhondo

Zida za ulamuliro wa Hitler anapangidwa ndi kukhazikitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, makamaka analenga luso. Kumene, ngati anasankha zochita za chuma ndi zina sakanakhoza kukhala. Germany sanali kokha kupereka okha ndi tanthauzo mafakitale komanso kukhala okonzeka asilikali. Kuwonjezera alipidwa, anayamba kupanga ndi "ozizira zitsulo" wa ulamuliro wa Hitler. Komabe, ntchito zonse atapanga isanafike kugonjetsedwa kwa Fascism. The zotsatira za ntchito zambiri kafukufuku atumikira monga poyambira ntchito kafukufuku wa State odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano.

Mphotho ya ulamuliro wa Hitler

Pamaso pa Nazi atayamba kulamulira, panali dongosolo ena, malinga ndi zimene ulaliki wa kanali mwambo anagwira olamulira a dziko, ndiye, anali wa khalidwe malo. Mkubwela kwa Hitler kusintha yokulirapo anapangidwa ndondomekoyi. Choncho, pamaso pa Wachiwiri World Fuehrer kusankhidwa ndi kupereka mphoto ya Ulamuliro wa Nazi a mtundu uliwonse Chachitatu. Kenako bwino analandira magulu a lamulo la asilikali. Koma panali ena amene akusiyana kuti, kuwonjezera pa Hitler, sakanakhoza limodzi (mwachitsanzo, Knight a Cross).