Lamulo pa Land 1917. kusintha Land mu 1917

Lamulo pa nthaka mu 1917 anavomerezedwa tsiku pambuyo Wamkulu October Socialist utasintha (November zatchulidwazi chaka chitatu). Malinga oyamba wake, anathetsa landlords chuma pa dziko popanda malipiro.

Prerequisites kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikalata ichi anaonekera kwa nthawi yaitali pa tsiku la zotsatira. Mfundo yakuti pulogalamu Bolshevik ankatsutsa ndi mapulogalamu ena alipo pa nthawi magulu amene angafune asintha tsankho popanda kusintha dongosolo lonse capitalist wonse, kuphatikizapo popanda kusintha ufulu dziko.

April mfundozo akulamula maziko a tsogolo

Lamulo pa Land mu 1917 anachokera kwa Lenin wa April mfundozo, amene analengezeratu tsiku lachinayi la April. M'mawu ake, Lenin anati panthawiyo kuti m'pofunika kulanda zonse tidakocheza zigawo ndi kusamutsa iwo kuti kukhazikitsa Council ya ulimi antchitowo 'ndipo Alimi' ziwanga, zomwe pazikhalanso oimira mabanja osauka kwambiri. Aliyense lalikulu tidakocheza wotchuka, amene mukhoza kukhala 100 300 wamba homesteads, amayenera akonze chitsanzo munda kuyang'aniridwa ndi ulimi antchitowo 'akuluakulu. Izo ziyenera kuti thandizo la maganizo omvera woyamba mfundozo Lenin sanapeze, ndi zina (AA Bogdanov - wasayansi, mtsogoleri tsogolo la Institute woyamba wa magazi mu dziko) apeza ravings awo wamisala wina. Komabe, iwo akhala ovomerezedwa ndi chimodzi Congress wa Bolshevik Party, umene unachitikira 8-16 pa August 1917 chaka.

Maganizo mtsogoleri wa zisinthe - kuti misa!

Mu wake April mfundozo VI Iye ananena kuti Bolsheviks ali mu Soviet cha akuluakulu ogwira ntchito mu ochepa wamng'ono, kotero muyenera kufalitsa lingaliro la chipani mwakhama misa, ndi zimene zidachitidwa, ndipo ndithu bwinobwino. Pali milandu mu September ndi October 1917, pamene anthu wamba rioted mu m'dera makamaka pamodzi ndi pogroms, anachita kuwotcha dala zigawo ndi lamulo landlords "aphe iwo zikugwera" atamuopseza moyo. Choncho, Watsimikiza pa Land (1917), gawo amodzi kufika njira zakale za nthawi.

Nkhani dziko wakhala akamayamba kwa nthawi yaitali

Wamba vuto dziko wakhala zogwirizana kumene, osati mu 1917, koma kale kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chakuti anthu akumidzi ndi katundu yogwira mbewu yomweyo anatsogolera kuli zochepa m'madera ambiri a tsarist Russia, kugulitsa yabwino opangidwa ndi kudya poipa, kupweteka ndi kufa. Anasunga Zemstvo ziwerengero (mu Rybinsk ndi Yaroslavl Province), chimene kale mu 1902, 35% ya m'mafamu a m'deralo analibe kavalo, ndi pa 7.3% - m'dziko mwini.

An kusiyana waukulu kwambiri misonkho kwa utasintha

Alimi amene nsangala anatenga Watsimikiza pa Land mu 1917, isanatuluke ake kwa zaka zambiri anatenga magawo ndi mahatchi lendi, kupereka eni monga njira yopanga (hafu ya mbewu) ndi boma (msonkho). Yotsirizira anali oposa zikuluzikulu chakhumi m'dziko chofunika kubweretsa ku chuma cha 1 ruble. 97 wapolisi., Ndipo zokolola za chachikhumi yemweyo (pansi nyengo yabwino) anali pafupifupi 4 rubles. M'pofunika kuganizira mfundo yakuti ndi minda wolemekezeka anali umene msonkho wa masenti awiri (!) Pakuti chakhumi yomweyo, ngakhale chuma anali ofanana kukula 200-300 wamba wambiri.

Lamulo pa Land mu 1917 anapereka alimi mwayi kugwira osati mwininyumba komanso zenizeni, mpingo ndi obisika m'mayiko anthu onse mkati katundu wawo. ziwembu anali ndi ndalama kumbuyo anthu amene anachoka m'dziko mzinda. Mwachitsanzo, kuchigawo Yaroslavl za 202 000 zidutswa za zitupa anali inakhazikitsa mu 1902. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti amuna ambiri (makamaka) adatuluka minda yawo. Lapansi Cossacks yosavuta wamba sanali nkhani kulanda.

Letters alimi - ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri

Akukhulupirira kuti lamulo pansi mu 1917, anali wasenza pamaziko a za 240 "ikugwirira m'mphawi" nyuzipepala "Izvestia Russian Soviet wa Alimi 'akuluakulu. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti chikalata ichi ayenera kukhala malangizo pa ntchito ndi pansi mpaka Assembly Constituent.

Ban umwini patokha dziko

Kodi zotsatira kukonza dziko la 1917? Watsimikiza pansi ikusonyeza malingaliro a alimi kuti adzakhala dongosolo kwambiri chilungamo imene dziko sangakhoze eniake. Zimakhala katundu anthu ndipo amapita ku ntchito pa anthu izo. Pa nthawi yomweyo analamula kuti anthu amene anakhudzidwa ndi "chuma zisinthe" ali ndi ufulu thandizo zosakhalitsa anthu kuti azolowere zinthu yatsopano ya moyo.

Mu ndime wake wachiwiri wa Watsimikiza pa Land (1917) ananena kuti subsoil ndi madzi lalikulu matupi athu onse, pamene mitsinje ang'onoang'ono ndi nyanja ndi kunditumiza ku madera amene ali ndi maboma a m'mayikowo. Chikalatachi ananenanso kuti "otukuka mwapamwamba munda" mwachitsanzo, minda, greenhouses, kupita ku Boma kapena madera (malingana ndi kukula) ndi minda kunyumba ndi minda ya zipatso ndi amuna awo, koma kukula kwa malo ndi mlingo wa misonkho pa iwo anakhazikitsa lamulo.

Mafunso zosagwirizana ndi dziko

Lamulo pa Land mu 1917 anakhudzidwa osati mavuto dziko. Anatchula kuti minda kavalo, kuswana nkhuku ndi ziweto nazonso kukhala chuma dziko ndi pochitika boma, kuti athandize anthu kapena sangathe kuwomboledwa (funso anakhalabe pa Assembly Constituent mlandu).

zida banja ochokera m'mayiko inalandidwa ankadutsa eni popanda malipiro, koma chiphunzitso anali sakuyenera kusiya popanda alimi ang'ono-ang'ono.

Pamene linkakhulupirira pa nthaka, anali ankaganiza kuti gawo la dziko mulole onse amene angathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito pa, awo banja kapena zibwenzi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito aganyo. Pankhani ya ntchito konzanso kudwala munthu anthu akumidzi anathandiza kusamalira dziko lake, koma osati kuposa zaka ziwiri. Ndipo pamene mlimi anali okalamba ndipo sanathe gwiritse ntchito pa dzikolo, iye wotaya ufulu ntchito pousinthanitsa ndi penshioni ndi boma.

Aliyense malinga ndi zosowa zake

Dziwani zinthu monga kufalitsa dziko malinga ndi zosowa zawo, malingana ndi nyengo, mapangidwe thumba m'dzikolo imayendetsedwa ndi anthu ammudzi mmunda ndi pa Likulu (pa munda). Fund Land akhoza adagawanso ngati zinasintha anthu kapena zokolola gawo. Ngati wosuta masamba pansi, wasefukira mmbuyo mu thumba ndipo imakhoza winayo, makamaka abale a membala anapuma ammudzi. Mu kusintha lofunika (amelioration, feteleza ndi zina zotero.) Anali kulipidwa.

Ngati thumba dziko sikunali kokwanira kudyetsa anthu okhala mmenemo wamba, likuvutika dziko iwo anali kuchita zinthu mwadongosolo resettlement wa anthu mwa kundipatsako kwa katundu. madera atsopano wamba anafunika motere: zofuna, ndiye kuti "Oyipayo" mamembala a mmadera, etc. - deserters, ndi zina - ndi zambiri kapena ndi mgwirizano ndi wina ndi mzake.

Zochokera kumwamba, tinganene kuti Watsimikiza pa Land anatengedwa ndi a II Onse-Russia Congress la Soviet Union, ntchito kupezeka pa nthawi ya vuto chuma ndi ndale. Iye mwina chabe pamalo zomwe zachitika anthu ndipo anali mosalephera.