Nkhondo ya Moscow 1941

Wachiwiri World nkhondo amadziwa zipambano zambiri zikuluzikulu ndi zochitika fateful. Koma Nkhondo ya Moscow losaiwalika m'mbiri. Zinali pano, pansi makoma a mwala woyera, asilikali German zowawa lalikulu wosapitirira kugonja. Near Moscow izo pafupifupi m'manda dongosolo "Blitzkrieg" a Hitler, ndi nthano za invincibility wa asilikali a ulamuliro wa Hitler wakhala debunked muyaya.

Ambiri, Nkhondo ya Moscow unalembedwa a akonzedwa zovuta nkhondo ndi ntchito, zomwe zinachitika pa gawo lalikulu ndi kugwa anapitiriza 1941 ndi chisanu cha 1942.

Mu zochitika izi, pa onse mbali yakutsogolo panafika anthu oposa mamiliyoni awiri, zikwi ziwiri akasinja, pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri ndege ndi mfuti kuposa twente-faifi zikwi osiyana nkhondo.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha zochitika ankhondo a Moscow akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri: kumbuyo ndi zokhumudwitsa.

Nkhondo ya Moscow 1941: kumbuyo siteji

Mu kugwa kwa '41, asilikali a Soviet anakakamizika kusiya Kiev, Smolensk, mubwerere ku Leningrad. Kharkiv, Donetsk dera, Crimea anali kuopsezedwa wa adani. asilikali German ponyamula zomvetsa yaikulu asilikali ndi zida za nkhondo, koma, ngakhalebe, komabe anali kanthu nagonjetsa mwaphuma anathamangira kum'mawa.

Mu Likulu Hitler kuyamba ntchito yapadera "Mvula ya mkuntho" kulanda likulu la USSR. Malinga ndi opaleshoni, mzindawo unali mutu m'ndende mu anatseka misewu mtheradi kuti palibe munthu wokhala m'dzikolo anali atasiya kusiya. Pambuyo chiwonongeko chotheratu ndi madzi osefukira wa Moscow. Opulumuka panalibe kukhala. Mabwinja amayenera kudzaza ndi mchenga, ndi kuvala pamwamba pa chipilala polemekeza losagonjetseka asilikali German. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwala chipilala cha anabweretsedwa ku Moscow ndi zida za nkhondo.

Motsogozedwa Moscow panthawiyo anali Soviet amadzibisa atatu: Western, Bryansk ndi Reserve. Against iwo anaima German Army Gulu "Center" a asilikali oposa miliyoni. Zinali zambiri kuposa theka mfuti, akasinja ndi ndege chiweruzo, amene pa nthawiyo wogwidwa asilikali a Hitler.

Asilikali Soviet panthawi imeneyo anali laling'ono kwambiri malo a zida, ndi khalidwe kunali kopitirira muyezo. Choncho, pa siteji kudziteteza asilikali Soviet anayenera kukhala kovuta.

Mozhaisk ndi Volokolamsk malangizo ndi yachidule kwa Moscow. Kumeneko loyamba anayamba nkhondo wankhanza chifukwa ikuyandikira kuti likulu. asilikali Soviet anali kukana moona amunamuna. mphamvu wosiyana ndi kulipidwa ndi ungwazi munthu. Mtengo wa moyo wawo, iwo anayesa kuti muphonye mdani mtima wa Mama.

mkhalidwe wa kuzinga anatsimikizidwa mu Moscow ndi midzi yake. Anthu kukonzekera chitetezo cha mzindawo awo.

Komabe, kumapeto kwa October 41 Commander Zhukov akufuna kusintha chitetezo kauntala-kuukira. Ntchito asilikali Soviet anali kugonjetsa magulu kuponya mdani ndi kuthetsa kuopseza pafupi Moscow.

Nkhondo ya Moscow, yozizira 1942: siteji ya tingalimbanirane

December 6 ndi Red Army anali anachitira woyamba kwambiri potsimikizira-kuukira kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa Moscow. zone amanyansidwa zinachitika makilomita 1,000 - kuchokera Yelets kuti Kalinin. Ndi December 9 smogs mphamvu zathu kulikankhira mdani pafupifupi 40 makilomita. The Germany, ngakhale, ndipo adali ndi zida zabwino, koma sanali okonzeka kunkhondo ku opweteka Russian chisanu ndi wosagonjetseka munthu ungwazi asilikali Soviet. Zingamvekere komanso kusowa mphamvu malo a mdani.

Hitler anakakamizika lowani kuti ndi kusuntha asilikali ake mu mode chitetezo, kukawerenga ku malo pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri akazembe ake ndi kusintha mkulu lamulo kwathunthu. Koma vuto kutsogolo, iye analephera kuswa.

Atsopano 1942 asilikali a ku Germany anali anakankhira mmbuyo ku Moscow kale makilomita mazana awiri, Kalinin ndi Kaluga anamasulidwa ku Nazi. Zichitike kuukira adani a Moscow sanaonekenso.

Mtengo wa Nkhondo ya Moscow

chochitika mosakayikira bwanji njira ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, monga Nkhondo ya Moscow anabweretsa loyamba kugonjetsa chidwi asilikali Soviet. The adani a likulu akanati analumala dziko ndi zotsatira zake zinali zakuti Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga chigonjetso cha Nazi Germany. Ndipo apa iye anachita mbali osati maganizo chigawo. M'dera Moscow, ambiri mafakitale ndi chitetezo maofesi anali anaikira amene ankagwira ntchito yonse ya nkhondo. Amalima 70% la ndegeyo nkhondo, ambiri a zipolopolo lapansi.

Kamodzi mdani anali atathamangitsidwa ku makoma a mutuwo, makhalidwe a asilikali Soviet anakwera kwambiri. kutengeka uku ndi chikhulupiriro chopanda malire chigonjetso anathandiza kenako mu Nkhondo ya Kursk ndi Stalingrad.

Kuyambira mfundo njira maganizo a Nkhondo ya Moscow anathandiza kuti akunde grouping bwino wa asilikali German - oyenda ndi thanki.

asilikali Soviet anali kwambiri kusintha pa nkhondo imeneyi. Osiyana mbali akutali kale kutsimikiziridwa kunkhondo, anali ophatikizidwa mu kugawanika latsopano ndi atsogoleri olimba mtima komanso odziwa.

Kuti Moscow wakhala Rubicon kudzera amene analephera kupereka asilikali a ku Germany mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.