Kodi dzina la Samara patsogolo? History of Samara

Pa funso la chimene kuitana Samara kale, ambiri adzayankha "Kuibyshev" ndipo iwo adzakhala. Komabe, ili ndi dzina la tauni ya nthawi imene anthu ambiri a midzi dziko anali anadzatchedwa polemekeza abale ena Party ndi boma, koma kwenikweni mbiri yake inayamba kale kwambiri. Ndimo dzina zimene anachitira pamaso ndi zimene zinathandiza kwambiri moyo wa Russia, kupita nkhani nkhani.

Kutchula koyamba wa Samara Mtsinje ndi mzinda eponymous

dzina la mzindawo n'zogwirizana ndi dzina la Samara Mtsinje, ndi tributary wa Volga. Kutchula koyamba za izo opezeka m'mabuku a Mlembi wa ofesi ya kazembe wa Arab Ibn chonde, yemwe anapita uko mu May, kudutsa zaka 922. Iye akumutcha mtsinje Samur, kunena za dzina chinapatsidwa mwa wongosamukasamuka m'deralo. Komabe, palibe midzi Arab nthumwi silitchula.

Kuphunzira mmene Samara ankatchedwa kale, mwachitsanzo musanapatsidwe mwalamulo anakhazikitsa lokha pa mapu a Russia ofufuza pali kungoganizira ena, malinga ndi dzina wake wakale anali consonant ndi pano. Izi zikuonekera, makamaka watsikira kwa ife mapu Venetian, pachibwenzi 1367 Chaka, amene m'dera la Middle Volga dera anasankha m'deralo, wotchedwa Samar.

Dzina chomwecho ndi kuthetsa ntchito mapu wina wasenza mu 1459 anadutsa Volga Catholic mmonke Fra Mauro. Komabe, pali okaikira, kukayikira zoti kuti opotoka Samar akale ndi mzinda zimene zinachitika pa magombe a Volga mu 1586.

The linga anamangidwa ndi chifuniro cha mfumu

Izo zinali mu chaka limayamba nkhani ya Samara, zochokera m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa chomwecho, pafupi confluence ake ndi Volga. Times anali yovuta kwambiri, ndi kuteteza m'mphepete mwa kuukira zonse wongosamukasamuka, komanso kuwateteza ku waterway ku Kazan kuti Astrakhan, mfumu Fyodor Ivanovich analamula kalonga G. O. Zasekinu kumanga linga.

Funso la mmene kupanga Samara, kuonedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya mbiri yakale Russian. Anapeza kuti chifuniro cha mfumu anaonekera poyamba linga yaing'ono, wodzaza pa nthawi ndipo inasanduka malo otetezedwa bwino, zomwe wafunsira ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu Volga. maziko ake, ndipo zochitika zina zomanga kuwonetsedwa zikalata zomwe zilipo. Iwo anapatsidwa dzina la mzindawo, amene kumatha ankakayikira mmene Samara ankatchedwa patsogolo.

Anthu oyamba mumzinda wa Samara

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, osati zilipo Samara linga unali mbali ya tawuni fakitale kupanga mavavu ndi lero. Ngakhale pa nthawi ya ntchito yomanga mantha ndipo ndinalibe lingaliro, koma lamulo la mfumu anakwaniritsa mwamsanga ndi mpanda wolimba anamanga pa n'zosadabwitsa msanga - miyezi itatu yokha.

Ife kukhazikika mu latsopano, komabe kununkhiza a utomoni atsopano Samara nzinda (choncho anaganiza kuzitcha izo mu masiku akale) anthu servicemen - oponya mivi gunners inde "makolala" mwachitsanzo, amene anali kusamala kuti makomo a anthu onse mgugu. Izi lamulo yomweyo mfumu anatchula kutumikira lawo ndi Ankhondo.

Mbiri ya XVII m'ma Samara ndi amafotokoza za ntchito anapitiriza kulimbitsa ake ndi kukula. Chifukwa, ndi 1700, tawuni munali mizere asanu kumbuyo, zimene zinaphatikizapo boma la Russia, ndi akaidi awiri mzere ndi mizere monga ambiri mwa mavuto thanki, posakhalitsa anawonongedwa ndi kuvunda. Komabe, kunja wamphamvu ameneyu wooneka panali drawback yofunika kwambiri - nyumba zake zonse zinali za matabwa, ndipo kuti anakhudzidwa kwambiri zikuwononga pa moto kuti chinapululutsa mzinda 1700 ndi 1703, motero.

Ku linga kuti chimphona mafakitale

Kuphunzitsidwa ndi ululu, Samartsev anamangidwira pa malo phulusa wakale wa watsopano, nthawi iyi linga zadothi. Pa zofukulidwa m'mabwinja ikuchitika 2013-2014., The zotsalira za nyumba iyi anapezeka m'dera mapira lalikulu.

Mu 1851 m'chigawo Samara, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo mumzinda linakhazikitsidwa, omwe anakhala likulu lake, analandira kutsogolera wamphamvu chitukuko zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Pa mapeto a XIX m'ma Samara unatchedwanso "Russian Chicago" chifukwa mofulumira proliferating mmenemo, mafakitale ndi malonda. City, amene anawerengedwa mu zaka anthu zikwi khumi ndi zisanu, linadzaza ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana, malo ndi mphero nthunzi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti n'kumene woyamba Russian sitima m'malo ndi sitima, adawamasulira ku mzinda zofikira mu 1915. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya nthawi, izo kwathunthu anasonkhana ku mbali zoweta ndi zipangizo. Samara ndi malo kotero wokondedwa tonsefe "Zhigulevsk" mowa, kupanga yomwe inayamba mu 1881 ku fakitale wokwatibwa ndi Austria bizinesi Alfred Von Vakano. Mwa njira, pachiyambi icho chinali kutchedwa "Vienna", koma kenako dzina kukonda dziko.

renaming Samara

Mu zaka loyamba pamene Samara kwa nthawi yaitali kukhalabe ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera Bolsheviks, ndi mphamvu mwa iwo a anthu otchedwa Komiti ya Assembly Constituent. Komabe, kalekale anali osatekeseka, kenako iye anakhala mmodzi wa mizinda ina Soviet. Mu 1935, "pa pempho antchito" (monga nthawi wake ankatchedwa malangizo osiyana a CPSU), mzinda unatchedwa wotchuka chosintha ndi chipani mtsogoleri V. V. Kuybysheva.

Likulu wachiwiri wa dziko

Yofunika mu moyo wa dziko mzinda unachita m'nthawi ya Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Iye Ndipotu, anali likulu lachiwiri la Soviet Union. Pano, pa mtsinje wa Volga, tinasamukira boma ndi chiwerengero cha utumwi yachilendo zamtendere.

Vuto la mwadzidzidzi mzindawo unali wofunitsitsa kupanga ndalama Mtsogoleri Wamkulu I. V. Stalina. Mwapadera zogona inamangidwa iye, wokonzeka mobisa bunker. Lero ndi mbali ya m'nyumbayi mzinda ndi lotseguka kwa alendo.

City m'zaka nkhondo

Kuwonjezera mabungwe mzinda komanso munali mabizinezi ambiri anasamutsidwa kuchoka m'madera kumadzulo kwa dziko, chifukwa mu mlingo wa mafakitale kumeneko pa nkhondo chawonjezeka kasanu. Kuti kutsogolo kwa nkhondowo ndege mu mphamvu ndege zovuta unakhazikitsidwa kukhazikitsa ulimi wa magalimoto ngati wotchuka ngati Il-2 ndi MiG-3.

Komanso anaika ndipo anapitiriza ntchito ya Moscow Bolshoi Theatre. Chochitika chofunika kwambiri pa zachikhalidwe cha nkhondo Kuibyshev anali ntchito mu holo wake chiwiri wa Leningrad Symphony, anamaliza pano mu gulu la D. D. Shostakovichem. A chipilala cha nkhondo anakhala promenade kuti akalowa umene ntchito lubwe, kuchotsedwa pa nthawi ya anagonjetsa Germany.

Samara Flag, amene wakhala chizindikiro cha nyengo yatsopano

M'nthawi ya ulamuliro wachikomyunizimu, mpaka chiyambi cha perestroika, chipani ideologues ayesetsa kuwononga kukumbukira anthu pa momwe Samara ankatchedwa patsogolo. Masiku omwewo unkachitika mizinda ina ya dziko anadzatchedwa.

Komabe, kale mu 1990, pa chiyambi cha kusintha ankatha demokalase mzinda anabwerera ku dzina lake mbiri ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu chigamulo cha Council City kwavomelezedwa ndi mbendera ya Samara. Si kukokomeza kunena kuti nzika sikudakhala kokha chizindikiro chapadera boma, koma mawonetseredwe owoneka a kusintha popanda kupulumutsa kukonzanso moyo wa nzika iliyonse Russia.