Bastille

Chaka chilichonse pa July 14 French chikondwerero Bastille Tsiku. Phwando la achirendo kwambiri ndipo m'malo osayembekezereka. Ndipo kuthana ndi chomwe chikugwirizana, muyenera mbiri pang'ono.

A linga wamphamvu ndi makoma aatali ndi nsanja eyiti, Bastille inamangidwa zaka zoposa 10, 1370-1381 gg. Ndipo pafupifupi kuyambira chiyambi cha linga anatumikira monga ndende. Choyamba, munali zigawenga zoopsa kwambiri, pa nthawi anakhala m'ndende ndale. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma XVIII chomwecho akaidi ake anapita ndi anthu ambiri otchuka, kuphatikizapo ochuluka monga awiri zina anali anamaliza Voltaire, nzeru zapamwamba zazikulu za nthawi, komanso Chiwerengero cha Cagliostro, Madame de A Lamotte, ndi Marquis de A Sade, Nikolya Fuke, etc. mndandanda akupitiriza, koma cholinga cha nkhani si mu izi.

Anatsekeredwa m'ndende dongosolo lenileni la mfumu, popanda mlandu, titero. Ndipo madongosolo a Bastille anali okhwima kwambiri kuposa ndende zina. N'kwachibadwa kuti linga ili linali kuimira Paris, ndipo pa mbali ya despotism French ndale ndi wankhanza. Ndipo ichi, pamodzi ndi chakuti mu chapansi pa linga anali kusungidwa zipolopolo, anapanga kutenga za Bastille pafupifupi mosalephera.

Mzimu chosintha anthu mu 1789, unakula mofulumira. Mwa mwezi wa July chaka ang'onoang'ono minda States-General, msonkhano mu May chaka chomwecho, zokha lidzasinthidwa bungwe sanali malo, amene anapereka wokha ngati wonyamula chifuniro cha anthu ndiponso kuti maziko amati ukulu. Chotsatirapo cha Assembly izi National, maguluwo analenga "lachitatu kalasi", analengeza chokha National Constituent Assembly.

Pofuna kubisa ulimi akuyamba Paris kutulutsidwa ndi gulu mercenaries zakunja kuchuluka kwa kuposa 20 000. Kenako anachotsedwa mmodzi wa atumiki otchuka kwambiri mu dziko, ndicho Jacques Neckar. Iye m'malo mwa Baron Breteuil. Uthenga umenewu mantha okhala Paris, amene ankaopa kugonjetsedwa kwa National Assembly, chifukwa zikumangidwa ziyembekezo zimenezi. Aliyense wa zinthu zimenezi pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka mkwiyo anthu ndipo motero ukufanana kumka kwa Bastille.

Boma anayamba kufuulira anthu kuukira, anthu otchuka kwambiri agitators anali Kamil Demulen. Chifukwa, mu Paris pa July 13 nkuyamba zipolowe, makamaka unadzatengedwa Abbey wa Saint-Lazare. Kukhala enieni, zimakhala zazikulu wake. Paris Master Zhak De Flessell anafunafuna kuletsa zachiwawa ndi analenga mzinda ankhondo, imene inali pafupi anthu zikwi 48. Koma sanali mudzikonzere apolisi.

Ndiyeno panali kumka kwa Bastille. July 14 zida gulu la Paris, analipo pafupifupi 50 000 anthu, anagonjetsa armories pa Invalides (mawu awa France, ndiye amatchedwa anamenyela amene anapuma). Choncho, manja a anthu opandukawo anali za 40 000 mfuti. Chinthu chotsatira pa ulendo wawo anali Bastille, chifukwa mu kosungira ake, monga tanenera kale, kusungidwa onga komanso zipolopolo.

Ndi Marquis de A Launay opandukawo nthumwi wasonyeza kuti apereke zipolopolo akonzekeretse oyang'anira tauni apolisi. De Launay analandira nthumwi za kwambiri wochezeka, koma anakana kuti tizipereka zipolopolo. Akutiakuti, gululo adzasiyidwa kanthu.

Pakali pano, anthu onse kukhala m'deralo. Mu nkhani iyi, Bastille asilikali inkakhala anthu 114 okha, amene 32 anali Alonda Swiss ndi 82 otsala - olumala. Komanso, mfuti 13 wakhala anaika pa makoma a mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Pakati pa tsiku, ndiko kuti, hafu pasiti imodzi mifuti izi moto pa khamu pamalowo linga linatsegulidwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi imfa ya anthu 89 ndi 73 anavulala. Kenako, Marquis anatumiza nthumwi angapo, kenako lankhosa kwa drawbridge anagwidwa mu Nyumba ya mfuti olumala.

Powona chionetsero chimenechi cha mphamvu ndi zolinga, de Launay si kuyembekezera reinforcements ku Versailles choncho anaganiza kuti aphulitsa linga. Kuti tichite zimenezi, adatsikira ku chapansi, tinasunga onga ndi chingwe linawala. Komabe, kuzindikira chikonzero chake sanapatsidwe. Kaboma ka Bastille msonkhano bungwe la nkhondo, zimene pafupifupi anagwirizana anakuvoterani mokomera kusintha.

Pousinthanitsa ndi lonjezo kupulumutsa miyoyo ya zokometsera la linga, ndi Bastille anthu wodutsapo maola 17. Choncho anathetsa itachita wa Bastille. Pafupifupi zokometsera la linga, komanso monga Mwini de A Flessell anaphedwa ndi wanthuwo. Zimene zinachitikazi chigonjetso woyamba wa ulimi otchuka. Ngakhale kuti kumka kwa Bastille sanali ndi chigonjetso chachikulu, iwo koma anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya France. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mwambo umenewu wakhala chizindikiro cha chigonjetso mosalephera pa despotism.

Kuyambira ndi 1880 Bastille Tsiku chikondwerero ngati holide dziko.