Vasily Tatishchev ndipo anathandiza sayansi. Sitimayo "Vasiliy Tatishchev"

Vasily Tatishchev - dzina, osalephera, pa kumva mu munthu wophunzira. Koma apa ndi zomveka zimene chikugwirizana ndi kuti chizindikiro, si aliyense angathere. Komabe lerolino Scout ngalawa "Vasily Tatishchev," Russian bulu crisscrossing nyanja ndipo zambiri limalowera mu atolankhani. Koma pali chifukwa chake okonza anasankha dzina laulemerero. Ndipo palibe ngozi! Ndipo munthu, anali katswiri, ndi kwa okonda mbiri - khalidwe lenileni. Ndipo sitima ya Baltic zombo, "Vasily Tatishchev" alibe zochepa zachilendo.

Kodi tikudziwa bwanji chombo?

Ntchito yomanga chombo sanapangidwire kale mu zaka 80 zaka mazana makumi awiri. Ndipo lero si zaka makumi atatu, chifukwa madzi unayambitsidwa mu November 1987. 27 kwa doko la zombo zapanyanja mu Gdańsk anapezerapo galimoto Communication "CER - 231". Pafupifupi chaka ngalawa kuti ndi dongosolo la Commander ya Baltic zombo kawiri anamuukitsa mbendera ya USSR. Ichi chinali "Vasily Tatishchev" posachedwa m'tsogolo. Ngalawa ndi kugwa kwa dziko lawo kopita sanasinthe, koma mu 1998 lamulo la nzeru avareji chombo anapangana ndi kasamalidwe kake JSC "Kuibyshevazot" mu Tolyatti pa ubale zothandizira mipingo yawo. Ndipo kunali kusankha moyo kusintha. Popeza patapita zaka ziwiri anadzatchedwa m'chombo ku CER "Vasily Tatishchev," Achi- kupirira kwa meya Togliatti, amene ankaona anayambitsa uyu wotchuka. Woterowo lalifupi mbiri, Scout sitima ya Baltic zombo, "Vasily Tatishchev" akadali anakwanitsa kufika yokopa 22 kuchokera ku America, ku Baltic ndi North ndi Mediterranean nyanja. Malinga ndi kafukufuku anthu chake, "athamangadi" ndi 340 zikwi kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi miles. Koma moyo panjira - okwana zaka zitatu zokha, kuyambira kusamutsidwa kwa chombo - matani 3.4, popanda kufunika kuyendetsa izo sizidzatero. Kodi wina angathe kudabwa "Vasily Tatishchev"? ngalawa ndi imodzi mwa ngalawa eyiti, 864 "Meridian" anamanga pansi polojekiti Soviet Union. Koma lero ndi korona wa korablestroitelstva asilikali anafuna kuti mudziwe aliyense mwa intercepting transmissions wailesi.

"Vasily Tatishchev" - sitima ndi mbiri yaulemerero

M'dziko la kupitirizabe pa nkhondo pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asilikali ndi kusokonekera kwa mitundu ya chikoka. Nthawi zonse kazitape mu masewerawa amapereka thandizo amphamvu kwambiri, ndi zina achite ntchito mwachangu. Mu makompyuta wathu, azondi pakompyuta m'malo anthu, ndi zipangizo nzeru machitidwe - m'malo ophatikizidwa alonda nzeru. machitidwe oterewa ndi osiyana - kuchokera mitundu ting'onoting'ono zida ndege ndi sitima. Ndi dongosolo la msonkhano nzeru ndipo ali Scout sitima ya Baltic zombo, "Vasily Tatishchev." M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ambiri momveka bwino sitimayo anasonyeza lokha thandizo la ndege ndi magulu ena nzeru ku Russia mu Syria. Iye anabwera kuchokera ku Nyanja Baltic, malo ake okhazikika okhala, ndipo malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, atolankhani anatumizidwa ku gombe la Syria mu Mediterranean kum'mawa. Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu oyendetsa anali kuyan'anila zinthu mu mlengalenga, osati Syria, komanso maiko wapafupi oyandikana. madzi Kupititsa ndi zone free, zikuoneka, yotero. Scout ngalawa "Vasiliy Tatishchev" si koyamba masamba Baltic. Pali umboni kuti nkhondo Yugoslavia analinso kuyang'aniridwa ndi kukazonda. Choncho, munthu sangathe kukhulupirira kuti woteroyo chombo zabwino zazikulu anasamukira ku Nyanja Baltic mu wautali kuyenda, kapena kungoti zolinga ambiri chidziwitso chabe. chombo akhoza kukwaniritsa pakalibe kapena imfa ya zapansi dziko, ngati n'koyenera, ndi ntchito mwakhama. Nthawi zonse padzakhala nyumba chidwi ngati zomangamanga, ngalawayo "Vasiliy Tatishchev." Photos anapereka m'munsimu sasiyana exclusivity. Koma inu muziwona izo si mu M'madera a zitunda za Baltic, dziko likhoza asungika.

Tiyeni tibwerere ku wotchuka

Bright chiyambi cha Sciences mu Tsarist Russia, monga ku Ulaya, chifukwa ochepa maina. Koma anthu awa ophatikizidwa inde woona chidwi madera osiyana ndipo anasiya kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa chuma kwambiri kuti lero ngati buku ukanakhala kaduka, ngati si lonse Institute, Dipatimenti motsimikiza. Mu mpweya chomwecho ndi onse dzina lodziwika bwino kwa MV Lomonosov ofunika ndi abwino a Basil Nikitich Tatishchev. Iye ankanena kuti ntchito za mkulu boma pansi Peter I. Mwa maphunziro - injiniya. Koma ndi khalidwe la masewera - yakale, zachuma, malo,, mphunzitsi, nkhoswe kusindikiza ndi maphunziro ambiri a anthu. Chotero kumvetsa bwino kwambiri komwe komanso tsogolo la dziko kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII wakhala lolunjika pa zinthu zofunika, limene, mwatsoka, sanabadwe atayamba kuzithetsa posachedwa. Inde, ambiri anapereka Vasily Tatishchev. Koma iwo sakanakhoza kuunikira m'nthawi yake, sanathe chifukwa zochita zake ndi kupanga chidzudzulo, sanathe kuzindikira mphamvu ndi ntchito ngati zotsogola ndi m'tsogolo malingaliro nthawi. Ngakhale akuyamba amakhalidwe oterewa mu mbiri ya patsogolo.

mizere A angapo a mbiri

Tatischev Vasiliy Nikitich, amene chopereka kwa mbiri kwambiri, anabadwa April 19, 1686. Ophunzira mu Moscow, maphunziro ndi zida zankhondo ndi Engineering School. Ntchito pansi Peter ndinayamba msilikali, kutenga mbali mu Great kumpoto nkhondo m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Kale pa mapeto a nkhondo iyamba kukhala Tatischev mapu moyo chidwi pa nthawi yofanana ndi mbiri ndi madera. Kupitiriza ntchito yake ntchito ya boma, Tatishchev analandira malangizo kwa Urals wolamulira wa mafakitale ndi boma akumeneko. Kenako anali kupita kwa kanthawi timbewu ofesi. Komanso, anali mutu wa Kalmykia ndi Orenburg komishoni. Okwana mtumiki wothandiza anthu Vasily Tatishchev anakhala zaka 42, anamaliza ntchito yake mu 1745, zaka zisanu asanamwalire. Popeza ankatembenukira ku mtengo wa Astrakhan kazembe, Vasily Nikitich anali ku ukapolo ku dela la mzinda, kuti chuma cha Boldino. Apa, mu abata, iye appends wake "History wa Russian" zipangizo zimene anasonkhanitsa moyo wake wonse. Koma tiyeni tonse mu dongosolo, ndi mwatsatanetsatane.

Vasily Tatishchev. anapeza

Amene sakanakhala ndi wanzeru, ndi chirichonse chimene iye anali kuchita, luntha lake ndi zilandiridwenso nthawizonse kupeza mawu mu ntchito ndi zochita. Choncho, kawiri akutsogolera zomera Ural katswiri mwa kuphunzitsa nthawi zonse anayesa kukonzanso gawo migodi, ndipo atumiza ntchito zikuluzikulu. Kuti Moscow zinali kutali, koma m'pofunika kuthetsa nkhani ndi izo. Mail yobereka pa nthawi anali kutenga miyezi kuti sikukanatheka kukhutitsa mtsogoleri amphamvu ndi aakulu-apamwamba. Tatishchev zachitika ndi kuyamba kugwiritsa ngakhale mu moyo wa mtundu watsopano wa mail, kwathunthu mlendo ku Russia. chopereka A Vasiliya Tatischeva yoyambirira ya masukulu ndi gulu la maphunziro a kugulu sitingapeze kukambapo. Iye akhoza chinkhoswe mu dongosolo la fairs ndi almshouses. Mogwirizana ndi utakhala wake, mkulu wa zomera sakanakhoza zimakhudza chilengedwe cha malamulo migodi. Iye ndi amene anayambitsa chitukuko cha zamanja latsopano. Monga manijala okalamba, Vasily Tatishchev anachita maudindo mwachindunji osati zimatengera pa ntchito ya akulu, oweruza ndi ngakhale kazembe. Kodi mukudziwa amene anali tate wa Stavropol (tsopano Togliatti), Yekaterinburg ndi Perm? Ndi zimenezo - Vasiliy Nikitich Tatischev.

Urals nthawi ya Peter ndinayamba mwakhama kwambiri otukuka. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa anali osatukuka a zipolowe, mbuli, ankhanza, kuti pa zaka 50 m'banja mu Urals amangoyang'ana analibe mtengo umodzi. Ndipo kubwezeretsa nkhalango opanda chisamaliro munthu ndi nthawi yochepa ngati sangathe. Anawona nkhawa chilengedwe akhala nthawi litsata pambuyo mwamuna ndi patsogolo. Mwina chifukwa cha ana zonse ayenera kukhala opanda chidwi ndi munthu wokonda tcheru ndipo monga Vasiliy Nikitich Tatischev wotsegulira maso akuluakulu ndi maulamuliro pa mavuto a zachilengedwe kale m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, ndipo anayamba migodi kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti. Ntchito ya mkulu kuika chinthu kufunika kusamalira nkhalango. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa lamulo koletsedwa ndipo kuphedwa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa pafupi ndi mzinda kumene anayambika - Ekaterinburg. Mu mzinda uwu ndi chipilala wapadera, pamene Petro Ine, ndi autocrat ndi yamabingu Russian mbiri, monyadira limatuluka pamodzi ndi mnzake wamng'ono - Vasiliem Tatischevym.

Masewera, kukhala sayansi

Za zokonda zake mbiri ndi madera Vasily Tatishchev anaiwala ndipo anatumizidwa chitukuko mwayi onse anapereka moyo wake ndi kuyenda nduna dziko. mbiri iliyonse magwero olembedwa, komanso woyamba mapu Russian a Ural ndipo Siberia mbiri kwambiri ndi mapu amatenga. Ndipo mmene angathere kuti magazini a zomangira, ndipo amawachitira m'njira zothandiza. Makadi izo akutumiza oyeza amakoka makadi latsopano. Bungwe kufanana mchere kufufuza, kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo miyala mu munthu, kuchititsa, mwa zina, kufotokoza ndi kutulutsa zojambula madipoziti okha. Natolko lonse otaya mudziwe analola Tatischev kusonkhanitsa lalikulu ndi osiyanasiyana deta sayansi. Kulinganiza ntchito anatha zimalimbikitsa ndi kusunga mfundo ambiri madera Siberia ndi zakale zokumba pansi, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndi pa mbiri, ethnography, ndipo ngakhale zilankhulo. Aliyense malonda ulendo wasayansi pamodzi ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi, nthawi zina Maulendo sayansi. Iye anaphunzira chinenerocho, moyo ndi miyambo ya anthu a m'deralo zachilengedwe ndi malo ndi kusonkhanitsa deta lonse mchere ndi zomera. Iye mosamala Kungur phanga ndi chidwi mu akasupe mchere. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi luso gulu ochepa chingayerekezedwe.

Forward kuganiza Tatishcheva

Aliyense akudziwa kuti anthu amene amasamala za m'tsogolo, mbatinyerezera bwino ndi bwinobwino. anthu oterowo nthawi zonse nkhawa poti ndi nkhani ya chakudya, ndi lofunika kwambiri, ndipo mavuto padziko lonse. Vasily Tatishchev wotsegulira kuthekera kwa chidziwitso cha Siberia, adatengedwa ndi mbiri ndi sayansi, poyamba pa zonse ine kuganiza kwa ana a tsogolo lawo. Ndi nzeru kwambiri ndi kuzindikira kuti, kukhala sayansi, kupanga, kumanga, nkhondo, ayenera akatswiri kumasulira zonse ndi kukhalabe? Ndipo kuphunzitsa khalidwe anakhumba ndi kuukitsa anthu amene amadziwa malonda awo, m'pofunika kuyambira ali mwana. Mu zaka zoyambirira za utsogoleli wake mu Urals Tatishchev amatsegula sukulu kuphunzitsa masamu ndi migodi. Schools anali zambiri likupezeka, koma chofunika ratification akudziwa. Pokwaniritsa udindo uwu wakhala anatumizidwa wapolisi Zemsky. Kwa iwo anakonza m'dera lililonse kuthetsa kusukulu, kumene zipembedzo angathandize wamba osachepera khumi kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Kenako mu Yekaterinburg migodi ndi sukulu zitsulo linatsegulidwa, timatha inu kuphatikiza maphunziro ongolankhula ndi tiligwiritse ntchito chidziwitso fakitale. Zinali zachilendo ngakhale kwa Europe. Koma lonse ili la munthu njira yophunzitsa alibe kwathunthu ndi Tatischev ngakhale Peter I.

Ubwenzi Tatishcheva ndi Peter I

Vasily Nikitich anali achisoni kwambiri ndi munthu zachilendo. Iye ankaganiza kunja kwa bokosi ndi ankagwiritsa ntchito. Maganizo choyambirira cha mnzake anamvetsera autocrat, koma nthawi zina chiweruzo cha wasayansi anapita malire a kuloledwa. Momvetsa, iwo anali mfulu, mtumiki wa mfumu iye sadali owopa kulowa ndi mlandu wolamulirayo. Kudziwa khalidwe la Peter Ine, ndi chodziwikiratu anali ngati. Choncho Vasily Tatishchev analimbikira Mwachitsanzo, kodi patsogolo maphunziro akhale ophweka kutsegula sukulu. Ndipotu, m'pofunika chabe kwa yokonza ophunzira loyamba gawo loyamba, ndiye kuti athe kukhala anthu ogwira ntchito ndi sayansi kale mu sukulu ya. Chifukwa mukatero izo sizingagwire kukhala aliyense kuti aziphunzitsa, pamene pa kuyitana kwa mfumu idzafika aphunzitsi ku Germany ndi Sweden. Ndiye sayansi adzabwera kwa Russia kuchita yokha, koma sitima chabe aliyense. Mwatsoka, Petro Ine malangizo Tatishcheva sanamvere, ndipo zinthu m'tsogolo bwino anakamba. Wambiri Vasiliya Tatischeva koposa zonse, ndi zinthu zina, ngakhale zoipa. Iwo anali mu bwalo akhoza kupeza angapo. Iwo bwinobwino m'khutu kwa mfumu ya zosayenela lakutali Ural kwambiri Ofisala, monga woyambitsa wa zonse ndipo sanathe kuganiza. Latitude ndinaganiza otsiriza, chomwe ndi wokhulupirika nthawi zonse mantha adani. Inde ndipo zimatheka bwanji kuti mantha amenewa kukhumbira transcendental, ngakhale ndi kukopa koteroko pa mfumu? Ikufotokoza mirandu zonse milandu ndi litigation. Ndipo pamene zonsezi zinatha Tatishcheva chowiringula, koma n'kumakagwira ntchito kukwanitsa, zonse kukusokonezani kuyambira Nduna ndi kuchotsa nthawi. Koma chirichonse chimene icho chinali, ndi Peter ndidakali ndi kulimbikitsa Tatishcheva choncho.

Tatishchev mu Europe

Imfa ya Peter ndinapeza Vasily Tatishchev ku Sweden, komwe kapitawo wamkulu kuti akapereke malangizo a mfumu. Koma pambuyo kusintha mphamvu, ngwazi athu anatsala kwathunthu popanda kuthandizidwa ndipo palibe ndalama Ngakhale zinali chifukwa kuti kubwerera kwawo. Koma Vasily Tatishchev makamaka chifukwa zilibe kudzasokoneza. Iye obznakomilsya osankhika sayansi Sweden, subtracted ndi kuwongolera ziwiya zonse za Russia mu dikishonare Gibner "Lexicon ...". ntchito Scientific sanali m'mbuyo pa izo kwa miniti. mbiri Russian analemba Latin ndi lofalitsidwa mu Sweden mu nkhani wapezeka Kungur phanga mafupa amphamvu. Iye anali kugwirizana ndi ophunzira, ndinali chidwi chuma Swedish. Chidwi chake othandiza akhale akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha izi mu Russia. Ndi kuyamika Tatischev Swedish ndakatulo Sophia Brenner analemba ndakatulo za Peter Ine Tatishchev analemba kufotokoza mwachidule zokhudza lalikulu la mfumu.

Pantchito ndipo patapita zaka

Kunyumba, Vasily Tatishchev sanathe kupeza mpando wake wakale ndi chikoka. Mfumukazi Amachichitira nthawi zonse kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana, nthawi iliyonse lichoke ku likulu. Koma pa chilichonse malo atsopano Tatischev bwinobwino katswiri ndipo anayamba kugwiritsa kusintha dera wochepa kwa iye. Mwachitsanzo, mu Moscow ofesi ya ndalamayo, anati akufuna kusintha a dongosolo ndiye Russian ndalama. Kenako, anaponyedwa ku kuthetsa nkhondo ndi Chikazaki mafuko, Kalmyks, ndipo anatumiza kupanduka Bashkir. Ndipo wodzudzula kupitiriza popita ku likulu, ndi pa kuumirira ya Senate mu 1745, Mfumukazi inaika lamulo kumasula Tatishcheva ku ofesi, komanso kuumiriza loletsa kubwera kwa St. Petersburg ndi kusiya midzi yawo. Choncho Tatishchev, kale chifukwa cha matenda, amagwa pansi kumangidwa nyumba ndipo anakakhala ku munda wake pafupi Moscow. Koma inde weniweni konse kukhadzikika ndipo musataye mtima. Boldin ninga nthambi ya Academy of Sciences. Mpaka posachedwapa, iye wokangalika ndi incorrigible Tatischev Vasiliy Nikitich. ntchito yaikulu ndi zina zomwe a nthawi ino ya anthu mu bukhu la "History of Russia" zolemba zake, komanso pokonzekera buku ndemanga Tatishcheva buku "Code Chilamulo Ivana Groznogo."

Komanso, Academy mlanduwu cholemba wasayansi pa kadamsana dzuwa ndi mwezi, mwa maganizodwe a buku la zilembo ndi zithunzi ndi mawu, ndi ndemanga malangizo a zilembo Russian. Iwo akupitiriza kusonyeza ndi katswiri wa kulolerana kwa zipembedzo, nthawi zambiri anakwiya mabwalo apamwamba mphamvu. Komanso woganiza kusanthula ndi akusonyeza kuti kusintha malamulo Russian, kwenikweni ndi kukhulupirira kuti anthu ali osamalira odabwitsa okha okha, popanda kuganizira za ena. Ndipo pa lonse, zabwino ndi nkhawa anthu wamba munakhala. Komanso kukonzanso kwa chuma apangidwa maganizo ndi ntchito.

Ngakhale vicissitudes wa moyo, Vasily Tatishchev konse adagawana ndi ndichiyembekezo ntchito. Popanda kulandira chilichonse pobwezera, iye amalipira kawiri monga mmene ngakhale chofunika. Never n'kotopetsa, ndipo si kudandaula chilichonse. Koma ntchito ndi ukwati analephera monga sanali ochepa kwambiri abwenzi ndi adani - kobiri khumi. Ngati namatetule ina Tatischev kuposa nthawi yake. Koma iye sanali mongotsatira malamulo anadikirira, ndipo anali instigators ndi mtumiki mokhudza zonse zimene sanachite kunaoneka a m'nthawi yake, koma chifukwa zikuchitikadi. Ngakhale Tatischev za ntchito zawo, ndipo sanaone, koma popanda izo, zikayenda amenewa mu Russia ngakhale pambuyo akuchedwa yaitali. Tsopano zingakhale zambiri anthu amenewa ndipo iwo adzakhala nkhuni ang'onoang'ono mu mawilo.