Mbiri ya chiyambi cha ndalama

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha ndalama amabwerera nthawi amakezana. Mpaka nthawi zina, malonda zinachitikadi mwa nzeru katundu. Koma kamodzi inayambitsa ofanana umodzi umene ukuyenera kukhala m'misika chofunika, kuyeza mtengo.

Ntchito ofanana woyamba anachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu Iceland wakale - Dziko la asodzi oyendetsa - "ndalama" anali nsomba (onse kugula ndi kugulitsa chifukwa m'nyanja zikuluzikulu). Mu ndakatulo Homeric chiwerengero cha ng'ombe zimaloza ku mtengo wa munthu kapena mankhwala wina.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mfundo "ndalama" pa chiyambi chake pafupi ndi mawu akuti "ng'ombe". Choncho, Old Kalonga chuma ankatchedwa "cowgirl" ndi msungichuma amatchedwa "cattleman", ngakhale kuti ambiri anali chuma ndi bullion golide ndi ubweya.

Kale, ndi kusamutsidwa zonse katundu ena amalonda anabweretsa mavuto aakulu. Panali kufunika kwa lofanana khola. Choncho inakhazikitsidwa preconditions kwa zikamera wa ndalama.

Mu 1200 BC anali amatsatira zipolopolo cowrie amasonyeza khalidwe Chinese. Iye anayimira "ndalama". Choncho, pang'onopang'ono anayamba kulowa lofanana ndi moyo mpaka kalekale.

"Ndalama zasiliva" otchedwa Juno (wamkazi in Ancient Rome), kachisi ndi 3-mu. BC. e. Timbewu inali.

Zitsulo ndalama wakhala woyamba ambiri ndi yaitali wogwila mawonekedwe. A mtengo wa ndalama kusungidwa mu dziko masiku ano. ndalama zachitsulo anatumikira zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. Zinali ambiri mkuwa, golide, siliva. Masiku ano kupanga kusintha amapangidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo osiyana, imene mbali ya zotayidwa ntchito, faifi tambala ndi zinthu zina.

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha ndalama kumagwirizana ndi zochita olembedwa. "Undilonjeze kulipira" zimayamba ku China. Popereka chiphaso, umene inakhazikitsa pansi makhalidwe ena, malonda mu masitolo wapadera yosungirako.

Akatswiriwa mpaka simungathe mwapadera dzina dziko limene limachokera mbiri ya chiyambi cha ndalama. Akukhulupirira kuti ndalama zoyambirira anamasulidwa mu 7. BC. e. Mbiri ya Ndalama anayamba pa nthawi imeneyo ku China. Dziko anayamba kuzichita ndi zolemba pepala Komabe, patapita nthawi yaitali (cha m'ma 8. BC. E.). Mu Japan, apaulendo ambiri angobwera kuona ndalama choyamba.

Mbiri ya chiyambi cha ndalama (pepala) mu China kumagwirizana ndi zikamera wa achinyengo choyamba. mfundo ndi yakuti pamene pepala ndalama akhoza umasinthanitsidwa golide momasuka kuposa anthu ambiri ndipo ankakonda kutenga katundu.

Monga amadziwika, woyamba makina osindikizira kupangidwa ndi Gutenberg mu 1440. N'zoona linapangidwa kuti buku la mabuku, koma posakhalitsa anayamba kukhulupirira, ndi kuti amasule ndalama. Choncho, pali njira yotsika yachidule ndi yosavuta wa ndalama kupanga.

Kutsegula kwa State loyamba Bank ku Central la Sweden zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa lonse zachuma. Izi zinachitika mu 1661.

A nthawi mokwanira yaitali dziko lina ayi sanayese n'komwe kutsegula zitini kunyumba. Ndipo okha 1801 anachita woyamba chapakati banki mu France.

A mlingo watsopano zachuma anafika US mu 1824, kumayambiriro kwa malipiro cashless, kwambiri atsogolere kupereka kugula lalikulu. Mu 1944 analowa kufalitsidwa dziko wotchuka ndalama "US dola".

Mu 1990s oyambirira, panali woyamba pakompyuta ndalama, amene ambirimbiri ogula akhoza kulipira kugula ntchitoyi ndi.

Mu 2002 analowa aziyenda ndi ndalama wina odziwika bwino - ndi "yuro". M'mayiko ambiri ntchito monga ndalama dziko.