Khalidwe Change: mbiriyakale, tanthauzo, pano. Small ndalama ka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana

ndalama Small ofunika m'dziko lililonse, mumzinda uliwonse imachitika kuwerengetsera atakhala pakati pa anthu: pakuti kugula zakudya komanso zinthu zina zofunika, misonkhano analandira. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndalama zazing'ono ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake, malingana ndi ndalama zaboma.

Khalidwe Change: phindu panopa

Ganizo ife timachitcha banknotes ang'ono amene Ntchito yaikulu ndi kusinthitsa njira zikuluzikulu za malipiro ndi mmene ndingathere ndi mawerengedwe lenileni la wogula ndi wogulitsa. Zinthu zimene tatchulazi kwambiri mofulumira kutembenuka kwenikweni amavalira zambiri tapindula. Choncho, anawapha. kuchokera ku zipangizo mtengo kuposa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Mwanjira imeneyi, mawu akuti "lotayirira kusintha" ali pafupi ndi tanthauzo ili: kugula malipiro mphamvu amatanthauza mtengo wapamwamba chitsulo kapena aloyi kumene ndalama wapangidwa. Izi amapewa milandu ya remelting anthu, komanso katundu wa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. simungakhoze kuchita popanda dziko lililonse ndalama, chifukwa kupanga kugula chilichonse, aliyense wofuna kupulumutsa ndalama ndi kuteteza khobidi movutikira. Tiyeni tipeze chimene ndalama yaing'ono kupezeka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ku Russia.

Russian ndalama wagawo: mbiriyakale

Woyamba kwambiri ndalama ang'ono amene anaonekera mu Russia - ndi Pulo ndi ndalama, ena zinapangidwa ku mkuwa, ena - ndi yasiliva. Mu kumpoto, kum'mawa Russia anayamba kupanga awo m'zaka XV. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chiŵerengero cha wachiwiri kwa kusintha choyamba. Pali m'mbiri onena za Kuyanjana pakathi pa ndalama yomweyo 60 72 Pulo. Mu Russian Ufumu, XIX m'ma ntchito ndalama zasiliva. Iwo onse otchedwa kuphana chifukwa iwo anali kokha ntchito kufalitsidwa m'dzikoli. Apa iwo ali:

• siliva chipembedzo 20, 15, 10 ndi 5 masenti;
• mkuwa chipembedzo cha 5, 3, 2 ndi 1 khobidi ndalama komanso (polkopeyki) ndi mite (kotala kobiri).

Small Russian ndalama lero

Fractional Russian ndalama - khobiri. Patapita nthawi siliva ndi golide njira malipiro. Tsopano ndalama zitsulo zizindikiro, chipembedzo otchedwa kusinthitsa ndalama (mwachitsanzo, 1, 2, 5 ndi 10), chipembedzo khobiri - kuphana. Zikuphatikizapo ndalama ndi zina zimangokhala 50, 10, 5 masenti ndi 1 khobiri. Tikumbukenso kuti zolowa ndi sizikuthandiza kotheka kukumana ndi 1- 5-khobiri nthawi. Russian Bank chapakati alandira kale umafuna kuti zithe kupanga awo. Koma pamene izi sizotheka mu nkhani za malamulo panopa, ndipo tiyenera kupitiriza timbewu ndalama izi m'malo a nsanza, ngakhale kupanga awo amapita ku 15 ndi 73 kopecks aliyense ankalemekeza.

Monetary botolo la United States of America

Khalidwe Change US ndalama wozindikira lero - aliyense mchitidwe malipiro ulemu zosakwana dola. Iwo 50, 25, 10, masenti 5 ndi cent 1. US panopa malamulo kunenerera kuganizira ndalama zimene zinasonkhedwa anthu zachitsulo kuti:

• ndi ntchito kusinthitsa zazikulu;
• Only boma zinapangidwa (anthu saloledwa ufulu Ndalama);
• alipo wambiri zokwanira ntchito malonda (a chitetezo depreciation pansipa phindu mwadzina) ;
• si zinapangidwa ku golide, ndiko kuti, pa muyezo zitsulo ndalama dziko;
• zosalongosoka, izo wawapatsa kuposa phindu nkhope ya otsika mtengowo.

Gawo ndalama British

Ndalama zimene dziko la United Ufumu wa Great Britain (womwenso Northern Ireland) - British mapaundi chabwino. Izi muyeso ndalama amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa Islands angapo British (Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, St. Helena). Unit amachita ngati kobiri, ambiri - makobidi. The kunenerera zing'onozing'ono UK ndalama - limodzi khobidi, koma kumbuyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito zolemba banki mu zipembedzo za 2 makobiri, 5, 10 ndi 50 makobiri. Monga chikumbutso ndi angapezeke nthawi ya mtengo wa 25 (yopangidwa kuchokera 1972 mpaka 1981) ndi 20 (alipo kuyambira 1982) makobiri. Mpaka 1992, ndalama yaing'ono kupangidwa kwa mkuwa, koma tsopano zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi TACHIMATA ndi mkuwa. Iwo pang'ono chachikulu kuposa akapolo anzawo akale, koma m'mimba mwake ndi kulemera sizinasinthe. The ndalama ndi chithunzi cha Mfumukazi - mfumu panopa.

Kodi ndalama adzakhala zothandiza Turkey

Kumene, ngati inu pa ulendo, kuti zina m'mayiko ofunda, tsopano kulikonse mukhoza mumadola kapena mayuro. Koma tiyeni tipeze chimene banknotes ndi chabwino wagawo malipiro ntchito pogwiritsa otchuka Turkey. Ndalama zimene dziko la mlingo kuwombola - ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala. Gawo Turkey ndalama - Kurush. Onse ndalama tiyenera osachepera 1 Lira ankaona kunenerera, ndipo izi Kurush 1, 5, 10, 25 kuruş 50. ndalama zonse ndi chithunzi cha Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, amene akuganiza kuti bambo a boma la Turkey boma. Lira kusinthitsa ndalama poyerekezera ndi dola akuyandama. Iwo akhoza zimasiyana peresenti 5% masana, kotero sitingathe kunena chimodzimodzi chimene chidzakhala chiŵerengero cha tsiku lapadera.

Egypt Chodikanira

Ndalama mtundu wa dziko - muyeso umodzi wofanana 100 piastres. Monga piastres - ndalama yachitsulo yaing'ono (Egypt ndi Sudan, m'madera ena ntchito lero). Kumbuyo uko ndi banknotes mtengo mwadzina 25 ndi 50. Kale nawo ntchito 5- ndi 10-piastrovye ndalama, koma tsopano iwo ali osowa. Galimoto zinthu angapezeke mu chifanizo cha Cleopatra kapena kupangidwa dzina ya boma. Iwo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, kenako TACHIMATA ndi mkuwa. M'mizinda achisangalalo wa dziko kuchita masamu ndalama kapena mumauro, pamodzi ndi piastres.

Malipiro ku Ukraine

Ndalama ya dziko lino - ndi hryvnia (mu Ukraine "UAH") - ndi wofanana kopecks 100. Tsopano ndalama ka Ukraine - ndi 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 ndi masenti 50. Kumvera amafotokozera mu zipembedzo 1 hryvnia imatengedwa kuwombola yachilendo. Banknotes wa 1, cent 2 ndi masenti 5 ndi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi mavoti apamwamba - mkuwa kapena zotayidwa zamkuwa. Onsewo ali ndi chida cha manja Ukraine.

banknotes Fractional ntchito m'mayiko Masewerera a Nordic

Kotero ife timachitcha dera kumpoto kwa Ulaya, ndi mbiri yake ndi chikhalidwe, womwenso Norway, Sweden, Denmark ndi Iceland. Izi ndi chikhalidwe "zikuchokera", monga tsiku ndi tsiku kuti m'mayiko amenewa Enanso anawonjezera, ndipo Finland. Onse limati awa zachilendo kwambiri ndi ofanana nkhani ndi ndalama dziko. Tiyeni tipeze ngati mayiko yuro (chifukwa iwo ali mu EU) kapena ndalama zimene zinasonkhedwa zawo, kaya kunenerera Scandinavia ndalama kumeneko?

Sweden ndi Norway

Dziko ndalama ya Sweden - Swedish krona, umene uli wofanana 100 nyengo. Ngakhale kuti boma ndi membala wa EU, anthu ambiri mu dziko ndi kumayambiriro kwa yuro. Ndi kuti amafunsira okha anthu a m'mizinda ikuluikulu, monga pali kuchuluka lalikulu la alendo, buku la malonda ndi chiwerengero cha maulendo a pandege. Ngati ndalama yachitsulo yaing'ono 50 mutuluka nyengo, ali zikuluzikulu pafupifupi 1 korona. Chinthu chapadera cha wagawo ka nkhani ndi ilo limawonetsa Korona atatu la mabuku akale nyemba ndi monogram Mfumu Carl XVI Gustaf - watsopano.

Norway ali ndi muyeso ndalama - Norway krone, umene uli wofanana 100 nyengo. Komabe, mbiri yakale, zolipiritsa zinthu zonse zitsulo 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 ndi 50 nthawi ya lero tuluka mwa atapangako. Otsiriza yaing'ono ndalama za chipembedzo cha 50 nyengo wakhala achoka ntchito mu 2012. Kotero tikhoza kunena kuti mu Norway palibe sinthanani zitsulo ndalama, koma panopa 1, 5, 10 ndi 20, nkhata, komanso zolemba za chipembedzo zikuluzikulu. Norway si mbali ya EU, choncho palibe mapulani kutengera yuro.

Denmark ndi Iceland

Mu Iceland, chifukwa kuwerengetsera ntchito ISK. Iye analinso 100 Eire, koma iwo anatuluka chithandizo kale kuposa mu Norway - mu 1995. Mu 2002, boma linakhazikitsa lamulo umene 2003 kunenerera Iceland ndalama kulibe mwalamulo, ndi korona salinso anasinthanitsa. Inu mukhoza kuwona zinthu pa 1, 5, 10, 50 ndi 100 akorona.

Denmark, ngakhale kuti unali mbali ya zaka 12 ku European Union si membala a dera lino. Ngati mayiko onse Masewerera a Nordic, amagwiritsa ndalama zake dziko - ndi Chidanishi krone, ndipo alibe maganizo kusintha kwa yuro, chifukwa cha referendum mu 2000 anasonyeza. Denmark ndalama yaing'ono amaikidwa 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 ndi zaka 50.

A zosiyanasiyana kulembetsa kwa ndalama European Union

European Community limagwiritsa ntchito kuwerengetsera onse yuro ndalama, wofanana yuro 100 masenti. Yopangidwa kumasulidwa sinthanani mayunitsi 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 ndi masenti 50. Aversa (mbali kutsogolo) cha ndalama za chipembedzo omwewo ndiwo yomweyo, koma imadzitembenuzanso osiyana inati, zokolola zawo. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kusonkhanitsa wathunthu zosonkhanitsira anasintha chizindikiro cha bungwe la European Union, chifukwa aliyense wa iwo ndi choyambirira, ali ndi zojambula pachiyambi cha dziko limodzi. Kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti zinthu okha ndalama ku Vatican ndi Monaco, ngati m'dera lawo laling'ono si abwino yopanga ndi KATUNDU lalikulu la mankhwala ndi kugawa ake lonse. Makobidi 1, 2 ndi masenti 5 chopangidwa kuchokera zitsulo TACHIMATA mkuwa, ndi 10, 20 ndi 50 - kuchokera aloyi mkuwa, nthaka, malata ndi zitsulo zotayidwa, kuti amaoneka ngati golide ndi 20 dimes ali barbs ang'onoang'ono sidewall lapansi.

Iripano dziko ndi chifanizirocho n'zosiyana ndalama zawo towerengeka;

• Austria: Alps maluwa grechavki, edelweiss, Primrose (primula ya m'mapiri), Cathedral St. Stephen ku Vienna, chipata chachikulu kwa Upper Belvedere ndi mikono ya Prince Evgeniya Savoyskogo, Vienna Secession (chizindikiro mlatho pakati pa kachitidwe ndalama);
• Belgium: Mfumu Albert mbiri II;
• Vatican: chithunzi cha Benedict XVI;
• Germany: Oak nthambi ya Brandenburg Chipata mu Berlin;
• Greece: Aatene trireme, ndi corvette, Pamadzi m'madzi, chithunzi Rigas Fereosa chithunzi Kapodistriya Ioannisa, chithunzi Eleftherios Venizelos;
• Ireland: Acelt zeze;
• Spain Cathedral wa St. James ku Santiago de Compostela, maonekedwe a Miguel de Cervantes;
• Cyprus: angapo moufflons sitima "Kyrenia" pansi kupalasa;
• Luxembourg Duke Anri Lyuksemburgskogo mbiri;
• Latvia: ang'ono ndi lalikulu odula manja a Republic of Latvia;
• Malta: Mnajdra kachisi zovuta, choyimira cha Malta;
• Monaco: chovala manja ndi chisindikizo cha Grimaldi mafumu;
• Netherlands Mfumukazi Beatrix wa mbiri ya;
• Slovakia: Mount Krivan (lomenyera High Tatras), Bratislava Castle Castle;
• France: losonkhanitsidwa fano la mtsikana ndi Marianne-wofesa.

Izi ndi zochepa chabe mndandanda wa mafano kusinthanitsa ndalama ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Anthu amene amakonda numismatics, makamaka odziwika bwino mbali zapadera lililonse ndalama yachitsulo yaing'ono. Mwina, mudzakhala ndi chidwi kuwona chimene chimaoneka zosiyanasiyana zonse izi. Pitani Club numismatists kapena chionetsero ndi makhalidwe chuma cha ndalama wamng'ono