Lobbying - ndi chiyani ichi? Technology ndi mawonekedwe a lobbying

Lobbying - ndi mbali yofunika ya moyo wamasiku ano andale ndi azachuma. ndi zoyambitsa zake, makhalidwe ndi zotsatira m'nkhani ino zimene.

Lingaliro la lobbying

The lobbying akuti - chabwerekedwa mfundo English. Pamafunika dzina pakhomo la nyumba - modutsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatanthauza "modutsa". Kuti kumene ndale amakhudzana ndi alendo, mukhoza kuona za zokonda zanu ndi kupeza ogula. Mu dongosolo la ndale ndi lobbying kale anazindikira limagwirira cha zochita za parliamentarians ncholinga kukhazikitsidwa kapena kusalandira malamulo kutero.

M'lingaliro wodziika za kayendedwe kudziwika Chartists (antchito, kuthandiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa hayala ya) ku England akhoza kutchedwa lobbying, koma ndi kusiyana kokha vuto la malamulo mphamvu woimira maganizo a anthu osati titadziwa koma kumathandizanso. Mwatsoka, zosiyanasiyana za lobbying akule bwino mu dziko ano, zomwe kukhala ngati achinyengo ndi zigawenga zosatheka anafotokoza. Kuwonjezera lobbying ali kwambiri kukodzedwa m'munda wake zomwe monga mwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu oimira kwa mabwana milandu.

Chifukwa lobbying

Kukwezeleza ndi kuteteza zofuna za magulu ena a zachuma ku Nyumba ya Malamulo chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kudalira boma posankha zochita, mumaganiza chitukuko ndi kuthandiza anthu kapena mabungwe ang'onoang'ono ena chuma.

Lobbying - uyu si chinthu chatsopano. Amadziwika kuti asangalala England zaka zingapo zapitazo. Masiku ano, mayiko ambiri - ndi ntchito yovomerezeka, zomwe zimafunika akatswiri osakwatira, ndi gulu lonse. Iwo ankachita gulu la anthu amalonda omwe amalandira malangizo ndi kugwirizananso ndi oimira wamkulu ndi nthambi malamulo.

lobbying mwachindunji

Ilipo njira lobbying zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Choyamba ndi njira yolunjika kuteteza zofuna zachuma kudzera mwachindunji paubwenzi ndi andale. Zimakhala misonkhano kapena kuyendera Makampani wandale, mabanki, zisudzo, kupanga gulu la misonkhano malonda, symposia, misonkhano ya mitundu yonse.

Direct lobbying ikuchitika kudzera kufala kwa zinthu zina zimene ziyenera kukopa opanga malamulo kuti kuvomereza kapena kukana zofunika malamulo zochita, kuona ndi kafukufuku. Pankhaniyi, ntchito yaikulu - kukopa andale mu chipani mothandizidwa ndi mfundo yaikulu ndi thandizo lawo mu mawonekedwe a zochita zina boma ndipo ngakhale malamulo.

mitundu zotsalira za lobbying

Mosiyana lobbying mwachindunji, mosadziwika amapezeka ayi, kupeŵa ndi andale lamanja. Kukhazikitsa ake ayenera kukhala chimodzimodzi Luso, kusanthula mavuto azandale ndi zachuma. Mkhalapakati choyamba mu mtundu umenewu, ndithudi, atolankhani. Nzosadabwitsa atolankhani amatchedwa chachinayi nthambi ya boma. Kufalitsa nkhani mu njira yoyenera kudzera misa TV amakhudza kwenikweni maganizo a anthu ndi kupanga chikumbumtima anthu. Choncho kuchuluka zobwezedwa mu kukakamiza andale kukwaniritsa zotsatira kuyembekezera. Izi zimachitika ayi, popanda kukakamiza kapena zikhulupiriro. Kutukuka lobbying - kafukufuku kwa mayiko amene alinso ndi chidwi zotsatira za mlanduwu lisankhe mu chifaniziro cha zinthu wamba, kupanga mabungwe chikhalidwe, etc. Mu West, lobbying imatengedwa ngati gawo mwachindunji anthu wamba kuti zoteteza anthu ndi boma ndi kufunafuna .. analoleza posachedwapa.

mthunzi lobbying

Zonsezi pamwambapa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe, kudzera mwa amene chololedwa, ndi Boma lobbying. Ichi ndi chenicheni chimene kampani kuyanjanitsidwa, ndipo ngakhale tikuphunzirapo kuti ndalama.

Koma pali njira yochokera ntchito njira chigawenga. Monzama kulankhula, iwo amatchedwa mthunzi. Zikuphatikizapo akuyendeni pansi, kumuopseza, kuthamanga ndipo, ndithudi, ziphuphu. Ndizachidziwikire kuti lobbyism kutukuka inamangidwa pa lokopa, ndi mthunzi pa kukakamiza kapena phindu. Nkosafuna kukumbutsa kuti iwowa ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo. Mu moyo weniweniwo Koma kuona kumene mzere pakati upandu ndi lobbying yovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, ena madera a North America, lobbyists ayenera mwalamulo kulembetsa zofuna zawo zandale. chilungamo Zimenezi zimathandiza kulamulira njira zotheka akuchita kuthamanga pa otsutsa ndale.

Mlanduwu "Lockheed"

Mlanduwu "Lockheed" ali mmodzi wa milandu kwambiri ncthito posachedwapa, kusonyeza mmene lobbying oletsedwa. Ndi chiyani icho? kumuyalutsa Izi kugwirizana ndi kugula sitima Japanese boma la olimba American "Lockheed". Luso magawo ndi magawo chitetezo ndi kwambiri wolephera European, koma mtengo awo anali "European" mlingo. N'chifukwa chiyani Japanese apita chotero zambiri zoipa? Mu 1976 iye anadziwika mfundo umboni ziphuphu zambiri boma la Japan, analengeza pa ndalama madola mamiliyoni awiri. Mlandu oipa anali atapereka ndi nduna yaikulu ya Japan Tanaka Mayiko. Adapezeka olakwa mu 1983, koma iye anali pomwepo anatsutsa wozengedwa. Dongosolo lonse chinakhalapo mpaka imfa ya akuganiza, ndicho, mpaka kumayambiriro 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Chidwi kwambiri ndi Tanaka yaitali pambuyo milandu nawo zandale. Zimenezi anali chitsanzo cha ntchito za encyclopaedic miyambo yachabechabe lobbying mu echelons akuluakulu a mphamvu.

Miyambo

gawo limodzi la Miyambo utumiki ndi udindo osati yolankhulana ndi anthu m'njira wodziika, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa kugona ndi akuluakulu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana ndi nthambi za boma. Zinthu zimenezi otchedwa GR-Ngopambana mofananira kuti lobbying. Iwo amakonza misonkhano ndi akuluakulu a boma, amapereka chithunzi zokhudza ntchito malonda a makampani osiyanasiyana. Ndipo, ndithudi, kuchita yokopa anthu kuti avotere, kuswa mapulani ndi mtima wofuna mgwirizano yaitali ndi wandale. Yambiri makampani Russian kuyambira cha m'ma 90s inayamba kulinganiza m'madipatimenti ngati magulu awo. M'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, mawu akuti "lobbyist" si ntchito chifukwa cha kumatanthauza zoipa kuzindikira pagulu. Koma pali kusiyana mu kulima mwamuna ndi lobbyist.

Kusiyana m'zochitika za lobbyists ndi GR-Ngopambana

Lobbyist mu dziko lamakono - ndi "ufulu wojambula". Chifukwa cha ichi isiyana ndi GR-bwana, ntchito pa kampani inayake ndipo kulipidwa. malipiro ake ndi apamwamba kwambiri, monga lili ngati amalipiritsa kapena kuchuluka wotuluka ananena. lobbyist A angathe kugwira ntchito ndi makasitomala ambiri, amene amasankha palokha ndipo bwana amateteza yekha zofuna za nkhondo yake. Koma kusiyana zofunika kwambiri kwa lobbyist ntchito zokhudzana ndi ofanana ndi mtundu ndale zochita zawo. Miyambo anthu komanso akutsatiridwa mu malo oyamba ntchito zachuma.

zinthu zina

Lobbying - ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu, amene lero kuoneka ngati limagwirira zandale, amene ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa ubale wa nyumba malonda ena ndi boma n'cholinga kulimbikitsa ndi kuteteza zofuna za magulu a zachuma.

Lobbying ndi ofanana ndi kudzinenera zambiri zamakono monga mlangizi naye boma kapena woyang'anira maubale. N'chifukwa chake pali chisokonezo ponena zili mawu amenewa. The townsfolk kuzindikira ngati kulimbikitsa, chinachake mofananira kuti ntchito ya loya. Akatswiri ena kusiyanitsa mtundu wa ntchito ngati mmodzi wa dipatimenti sayansi ya Relations Public (Miyambo). Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti mfundo za lobbying monga ntchito achiwiri, makamaka chuma msika ndi bizinesi. mabizinesi Big ndi makampani chidwi kukhazikitsa kugwirizana ndi andale, monga yotsirizira nawo.

Kuti adzimvera: chipinda chofikira - ndichiyani? Matanthauzo opindulitsa, ziwiri magalimoto kwa wina ndi mnzake. Lobbyists yekha atumikire monga intermediaries, amene kuthandiza kupeza mumafanana ndi kukhazikitsa ojambula.