Basil 3: achilendo ndi zoweta mwachidule mfundo

The Grand Duke Moskovskiy Vasily III akulamulira mu zaka 1505-1533. nyengo yake inali nthawi mopitiriza zochita za bambo ake Ivan III. Prince ogwirizana m'mayiko Russian padziko Moscow ndi kumenyana ndi adani ambiri kunja.

motsatizana

Vasiliy Ryurikovich anabadwa mu 1479 ku banja la Grand Duke wa Moscow John III. Iye anali mwana wachiwiri, choncho sanali kuyesezera wachifumu atamwalira otsta wake. Komabe, mchimwene wake, John, anafa achinyamata 32 matenda osachira. Iye anayamba mapazi matenda (mwina gout), amene wachititsa kumva kupweteka kwambiri. Bambo analembera kwa dokotala Venice yotchuka, amene Komabe, sangathe kugonjetsa matendawa (kenako anaphedwa kulephera iyi). Wolowa amene anafa anasiya mwana wotchedwa Dmitry.

Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mkangano dynastic. Pa dzanja limodzi, wotchedwa Dmitry anali woyenera kulamulira monga mwana wa wolowa womwalirayo. Koma Grand Duke anali moyo ana aang'ono. John III ndingaliro woyamba apita mpandowachifumu kuti mdzukulu wake. Iye tinakonza ukwati pa ufumu wake (zinali zoyambirira zimene mwambo mu Russia). Komabe, wotchedwa Dmitry anaonekera posachedwapa mtima ndi agogo a. Akukhulupirira kuti Chifukwa cha ichi chinali chiwembu cha mkazi wachiwiri wa Yohane (ndi mayi a Basil) Sofii Paleolog. Iye anali mbadwa ya Byzantium (Constantinople ndi nthawi iyi anali atagwa kale pansi mavuto Turkey). Mkazi ankafuna mphamvu unasamutsidwa mwana wake. Choncho iye ndi nduna zake wokhulupirika anayamba kutsimikizira John kusintha maganizo ake. Asanamwalire anavomera, wotchedwa Dmitry anakana ufulu wake wachifumu nalamulira Basil kukhala Grand Duke. Mdzukulu inali mu ndende, ndipo posakhalitsa anafera pomwepo, mwachidule anapulumuka agogo ake.

polimbana ambuye ang'onoang'ono

Great Prince Basil 3, malamulo ena ndi zoweta amene anali kupitiriza zochita za bambo ake, anakhala mfumu mu 1505, pambuyo pa imfa ya John III.

Imodzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu za mafumu awiri anali zoti autocracy mtheradi. Ndi, Grand Duke anayesa kuganizira mphamvu m'manja mwa mfumu yokha. Iye ndi adani ambiri.

Choyamba - zina akalonga yeniyeni ya Rurik mafumu. Ndipo tikulankhula omwe anali nthumwi mwachindunji wa Moscow kunyumba. Akuluakulu zipolowe lomaliza Russia wayamba chifukwa cha mikangano za mphamvu pa amalume ndi nephews, amene anali mbadwa za wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy.

Vasily anali ndi abale anayi wamng'ono. Yuri anali Dmitrov, wotchedwa Dmitry - Uglich, Simon - Kaluga, Andrew - Staritsa. Komabe, iwo anali kokha mwadzina abwanamkubwa ndi amadalira kotheratu Moscow kalonga. Panthawi imeneyi Rurik sadzipereka cholakwa chimene chinapangidwa cha m'ma XII, pamene boma anakomoka likulu lake ku Kiev.

Boyar kutsutsidwa

vuto linanso kuthekera kwa Grand Duke anali olemekezeka ambiri. Ena mwa iwo, ndi njira, anali mbadwa kutali Rurik (monga Shuiskys). Basil 3, malamulo ena ndi zoweta ndi subordinated ndi maganizo kufunika kulimbana sizofunika maulamuliro, kutsutsa kuletsedwa pa mizu yake.

Chotero tsoka, mwachitsanzo, kuyembekezera Vasiliya Ivanovicha Shuyskogo. fuko lomveka uyu anali amaganiziridwa m'makalata ndi kalonga Chilituyaniya. Atatsala pang'ono kuti, Basil adakwanitsa kupambana mmizinda wakale Russian. Bwanamkubwa wa mmodzi wa iwo ndi kuyamba Shuya. Pambuyo woukira boma lake ankati anadziwika kwa kalonga, Ambuye manyazi anali kumangidwanso mu ndende, ndipo anamwalira mu 1529. Zoterezi wotsimikizika kulimbana ndi mawonetseredwe onse a kusakhulupirika anali maziko a mfundo kugwirizanitsa mayiko Russian padziko Moscow.

M'nkhani ina yofanana chinachitika ndi Ivan Beklemishev dzina Bersen. nthumwi ichi poyera anadzudzula Grand Duke kwa ndondomeko yake, kuphatikizapo kudzipereka kwa Greek lonse (azimuth umenewu wakhala ponseponse chifukwa mayi wa Prince Sofii Paleolog). Beklemisheva anaphedwa.

mikangano mpingo

moyo mpingo analinso nkhani chidwi ya Grand Duke. Iye ankafunika thandizo la atsogoleri achipembedzo, kuonetsetsa umayenda wopanga okha. Umodzi uwu wa mpingo ndi boma ankaona zachilendo kwa nthawi ya Russia (by njira, mawu akuti "Russia" anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Ivan III).

Pa nthawi iyi, apo panali kusamvetsetsana pakati pa Josephites ndipo sanali nayo. magulu awiriwa mpingo ndale (makamaka m'malo) anali kukhulupirira otsutsana pa mafunso achipembedzo. nkhondo maganizo sanathe kupatsira ndi kazembe. Non-eni adafunafuna kusintha, kuphatikizapo chiyembekezo chakuti mchitidwe landowning, pamene Josephites anali osafuna kusintha. Pa phwando lomaliza anatembenuka Vasily III. Zoweta ndi achilendo chizolowezi ndi maganizo a Prince Josephites. Chifukwa cha kudana anazunzidwa. Mwa nthumwi zake zinali ngati nkhope wotchuka ngati Maksim Grek ndi Vassian Patrickeyev.

Kugwirizana kwa mayiko Russian

Great Prince Basil 3, malamulo ena ndi zoweta zimene zinali zogwirizana, anapita ku Moscow angagwirizanitse otsala palokha Russian ukulu.

Pskov Republic ngakhale mu ulamuliro wa John III anakhala m'manja mwa anansi kum'mwera. Mu 1509, mzinda adasonkhanitsa akulu, limene anthu anasonyeza kusakondwa ndi ulamuliro wa Basil. Iye anafika ku Novgorod kukambirana mkangano. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, a Komiti kukwezedwa ndi Ufumuyo kwa Pskov Moscow fiefdom.

Komabe, lingaliro zimenezo amayambitsa chisokonezo mu mzinda ufulu kukoma. Pofuna kupewa "ubongo nayonso mphamvu" amphamvu kwambiri ndi womveka olemekezeka Pskov zinawapangitsa likulu, ndipo malo awo unatengedwa ndi Moscow akulu. Njira zothandiza yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Yohane pamene akulowa Novgorod.

Ryazan Prince Ivan mu 1517 anayesera kupanga mgwirizano ndi Crimea khan. mkwiyo Moscow a wayaka. Prince atagwidwa ndi Ryazan anakhala gawo la United boma Russian. Mkati ndi kunja Politika Vasiliya 3 anali zonse ndi bwinobwino.

Zosemphana ndi Lithuania

Nkhondo ndi anansi ake - ndi mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri, imene kusiyana pakati pa ulamuliro wa Basil 3. M'banja ndi mfundo yachilendo ya Prince sanathe zimathandiza mikangano ya Muscovy ndi maiko ena.

Grand Duchy la Lithuania linali pakati wina Russian ndipo anapitiriza amati udindo waukulu ku dera. Ndi wothandizana naye kwa Poland. Mu utumiki wa Chilituyaniya Grand Duke anali ambiri Russian Orthodox boyars ndi ambuye ang'onoang'ono.

Waukulu fupa la mkangano pakati mphamvu awiriwo anayamba Smolensk. Kodi mzinda wakale m'zaka XIV, anakhala gawo la Lithuania. Basil akhafuna bwerera ku Moscow. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali nkhondo ziwiri (mu 1507-1508 ndi 1512-1522 gg.) Mu ulamuliro wake. Chifukwa, Smolensk anali atabwerera ku Russia.

Choncho ambiri otsutsa Vasily 3. Zowonekera kunja ndi ndondomeko mkati (tebulo - ndi mtundu lalikulu chithunzi zithunzi zimene tanena) kalonga, monga tanenera kale, ndi zomveka kupitiriza zimene Ivan 3 watenga kwa Kukwezeletsa zofuna za Mpingo Orthodox ndi centralization ya boma. The yotsatira tidzakambirana zimene zonse anathira.

Nkhondo ndi Crimea Chitata

Bwino limodzi ndi miyeso kuti Atengedwa Vasily 3. okhonda ndi mfundo za m'banja (mwachidule tebulo zikusonyeza momveka bwino) ndi chinsinsi chitukuko ndi patsogolo a dziko. Chinthu china nkhawa anali Crimea Chitata. Iwo anagwira anawazunza mobwerezabwereza mu Russia ndi nthawi zambiri analowa mu mgwirizano ndi mfumu Polish. Popeza ichi kuti sadzalekerera Vasily 3. M'banja ndi mfundo yachilendo (mwachidule nkhani imeneyi n'zokayikitsa bwino) ndi cholinga chabwino chomwe chimatanthauza - kuteteza dziko lapansi nkhondo ya ukulu wa. Chifukwa chaichi m'malo achilendo mchitidwe polima. Pa utumiki tinaitanidwa Chitata mabanja mfulu, kupereka iwo ndi anthu wotchuka a. Friendly Prince choikidwacho m'maboma akutali. Iye ankayesetsa kuti chitukuko cha malonda ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya. Taganizirani kulowa Union (ndi Turkey) ndi Papa.

mavuto a m'banja

Monga momwe zilili ndi mfumu iliyonse, kunali kofunika kwambiri kwa munthu kukwatira Basil 3. okhonda ndi ndondomeko zoweta anali malo ofunika a ntchito, koma ndi kukhalapo m'malo mtundu wa ankadalira tsoka tsogolo la dziko. Ukwati woyambayo ndiye wolowa ku Grand Duchy chinakhazikitsidwa ndi bambo ake. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, anafika ku Moscow mu 1500 akwatibwi ochokera m'dziko lomweli. Mkazi wa Prince Solomon Saburova yaing'ono boyar banja. Iyo inali nthawi yoyamba kuti wolamulira Russian ophatikizana banja likhale lolimba si nthumwi ya mafumu kulamulira, ndipo mtsikana mabwalo malamulo.

Komabe, banja zinalephereka. Solomonia anali wosabereka ndipo sangathe pakati mwana. Choncho, Vasily III mu 1525 linatha ake. Komabe, ena oimira Mpingo anamufunsa kuti kutsutsako, monga yokhala sanayenerere khalidwe limeneli.

Kale chaka chamawa Basil anakwatira Elena Glinsky. Ukwati mochedwa mbampasa ana amuna awiri - Yohane ndi George. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Grand Duke Sr. anatsimikizidwa wolowa. John anali pamenepo zaka 3, m'malo malamulo Regency Council, amene anathandiza kuti chokhudza ambiri pa bwalo. Komanso anthu ambiri ndi chiphunzitso kuti Boyar mavuto umboni ana anaonekera mwana asokoneza khalidwe lake. Kenako kale kukhwima Ivan m'khutu anakhala wolamulira wankhanza ndi disposes wa osafunika kuyandikira njira wankhanza.

Grand Prince Imfa

Basil anafa 1533. Pa umodzi wa maulendo ake, iye anali ndi chotupa kakang'ono pa ntchafu kumanzere. Iwo festered ndipo zinachititsa kuti poyizoni m'magazi. Mu terminology ano, tikhoza kuganiza kuti inali khansara. Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, Grand Duke anatenga chithunzithunzi.