Anna Ivanovna: Mu ulamuliro wa mbiri ndi nyota kwa Russia

Pakuti zida Russian mu 1709 zinali zonse za zipambano ulemerero. Pa Poltava Petr Veliky asilikali a Swedish Mfumu Charles akhumi - mphamvu Russian bwinobwino adawapitikitsa ku Baltic. Kukhala wamphamvu zake m'mayiko anagonjetsa, Peter anaganiza zopatsa mmodzi wa achibale ake ambiri a Duke wa Courland Fridriha Vilgelma.

Mfumu anatembenukira kwa wamasiye Praskovya Fyodorovna malangizo m'bale wake; mmodzi wa ana ake, iye afuna kukupatsani kalonga? Ndipo popeza iye sanali mantha mkwatibwi, mlendo, iye anasankha sakondedwa khumi chaka chimodzi mwana wamkazi Anna. Ichi chinali tsogolo Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna.

Ana ndi achinyamata a mfumukazi tsogolo

Anna anabadwa pa January 28, 1693 mu Moscow, m'bale banja aakulu Petra Velikogo Ivan wachisanu. Anatha ali mwana mu Izmailovo ndi mayi ake ndi alongo ake. Monga m'nthawi taonera, Anna Ivanovna mwana kudzipatula, chete yosalankhulika. Kuyambira ali mwana kuti anaphunzitsidwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba German ndi French. Kuwerenga ndi kulemba, anaphunzira, koma kuvina ndi mchitidwe yakale ya wolemekezeka anali katswiri.

Ukwati Anna chikondwerero October 31, 1710 mu yosatha St. Petersburg Menshikov Palace. Kumayambiriro a chaka chotsatira, Anna Ivanovna, ndi Duke wa Courland mu Mitau kumanzere likulu. Koma m'njira, Wilhelm atamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Choncho kalonga atakhala miyezi ingapo yokha atakwatirana.

Zaka ulamuliro wa Anna

Petr Veliky analamula Anna anali ndi ufulu Kurland. Pozindikira kuti sanali msuweni wanzeru kwambiri sadzatha kutumikira zofuna za Russia mu duchy, iye anapita pamodzi naye Peter Bestuzhev-Rumin. Mu 1726, pamene Bestuzhev-Ryumin achoka Courland, Anna anaonekera pa bwalo la Ernst Johann Biron - amene analephera Koenigsberg University m'banja lachifumu.

Atamwalira Petra Velikogo Russian Ufumu chinachitika chinthu ndigwira ndithu zisanachitikepo - mpando wachifumu wa Tsars Russian ananyamuka mkazi! Mkazi wamasiye wa Peter Ine, Catherine. Akulamulira ndi zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, Bungwe atamva adaganiza kuti asankhe monga mdzukulu wa Mfumu Petra Velikogo, Peter I. Iye anakwera pa mpando wachifumu ali ndi zaka khumi, koma zinafa nthomba pa khumi ndi zinayi.

Chikhalidwe, kapena kuphedwa kwa anthu a mtundu chinsinsi

Supreme atamva Council anaganiza kuti aitane Anna pa mpando wachifumu, nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa mphamvu yake autocratic. Iwo anapanga "chikhalidwe", kumene zinthu zinali anakonza limene Anna Ivanovna anaitanidwa kutenga mpando wachifumu. Malinga ndi pepala ili popanda chilolezo Council atamva, iye sakanakhoza kulengeza aliyense nkhondo, kunena mapangano mtendere, analamula asilikali kapena kusamala, kwezani kapena kuumiriza misonkho, ndi zina zotero.

January 25, 1730 oimira anthu chinsinsi anabweretsa "chikhalidwe" mu Metavu ndi Duchess, kuvomereza malamulo onse, yolembedwa iwo. Posachedwapa, latsopano Mfumukazi Anna anafika ku Moscow. Pali February 25 oimira Moscow otchuka akadandaule pempho lake ndi pempho osati kuvomereza chikhalidwe ndi ulamuliro autocratic. Ndipo Mfumukazi kucheza nawo. Iye anang'amba poyera chikalata ndipo anabalalitsidwa Wamkulukulu atamva Council. mamembala ake zinatumizidwa ndi kuphedwa, ndipo Anna anavekedwa mu Mfundo Cathedral.

Anna Ivanovna: mu ulamuliro ayambe mfundo wokondedwa ankakonda

Mu ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny izo analengedwa ndi nduna, imene udindo waukulu nyimbo ndi mmodzi wa anzake a Peter Woyamba wotsatila Chancellor Andrei Osterman. Ernst Biron ankakonda Mfumukazi ndale chiyani saletsa. Ngakhale analamulira yekha Anna Ioannovna, mu ulamuliro wa ake mu historiography Russian kudziwika monga Biron.

Mu January 1732 Mapu anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Apa, Anna, kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhala ku Ulaya, Ine anamva bwino kwambiri kuposa mu Moscow. mfundo yachilendo mu ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny kunali kupitiriza mfundo Petra Velikogo: ndewu Russia kwa Kusinthana Polish ndipo akupita kukachita nkhondo ndi Turkey, imene asilikali Russian ataya anthu ambirimbiri.

Zoyenereza za Mfumukazi kuti boma Russian

Kodi zachitika ku Russia Anna Ivanovna? Mu ulamuliro wa ake zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha chitukuko cha madera atsopano. boma wabweza linga la Azov, steppe pakati pa Bug ndi Dniester, koma popanda kuchisunga zombo mu Nyanja Black. Umayamba ntchito Wamkulu kumpoto ulendo, kufufuza Siberia ndi Ocean Arctic ndi Kamchatka.

Mwa lamulo la Mfumukazi akuyamba imodzi mwa ntchito zotchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya Russian Ufumu - yomanga dongosolo m'patali za malinga pamodzi malire kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa gawo European la Russia. Izi kumanga zikuluzikulu, yomwe inayamba mu ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny, angatchedwe ntchito woyamba chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha Russian Ufumu wa Volga. Pa kumalire a kum'mawa kwa gawo Loona za ufumuwo ukugwira ntchito pa Orenburg ulendo, umene boma Anny Ioannovny likubweretsa mavuto ambiri.

Matenda ndi imfa ya mfumukazi ya

Ngakhale pa malire a ufumu Cannon bingu ndipo anafa chifukwa cha ulemerero wa asilikali mfumu ndi olemekezeka, likulu ankakhala mwanaalirenji zosangalatsa. Anna anali wofooka, ndipo kusaka. Zipinda Peterhof Palace nthawizonse yodzaza mfuti zimene Mfumukazi zipolopolo pa m'kupita mbalame. Ankakonda anazungulira yekha ndi ogwira ndi jesters.

Koma osati kuwombera, ndipo anatha kuchereza Anna Ivanovna, mu ulamuliro wa ake kugwirizana ndi zochitika yoopsa kwambiri boma. zaka khumi ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi, ndipo zaka zonsezi Russia wamanga, kumenyana ndi kuwonjezera malire. October 5, 1740 chakudya Mfumukazi anakomoka ndipo m'mene atadwala kwa masiku khumi ndi ziwiri, anamwalira.