Sino-Soviet nkhondo mu 1969

Papita zaka 45 kuyambira m'chaka cha 1969, pamene nkhondo kunabuka ndi mbali kutali kum'mawa kwa malire Soviet-Chinese. Tikuyankhula zokhudza Damanskii chilumba ili ndi Ussuri Mtsinje. Mbiri ya USSR limasonyeza kuti choyamba nkhondo ya nthawi pambuyo nkhondo onse, omwe anali nawo ankhondo ndi asilikali malire a KGB. Ndipo ngakhale zambiri chodabwitsa chinali chakuti akagwiriridwa sanali kokha boma wapafupi ndi fraternal, monga iwo onse akukhulupirira China.

malo

Damanskiy Island pa mapu zikuwoneka chidutswa wokongola kakang'ono ka dziko, chimene chimafika pafupifupi 1500-1800 mamita m'litali ndi 700 mamita m'lifupi. Ndendende magawo ake sangathe mtima, popeza zimadalira nthawi imeneyo ya chaka. Mwachitsanzo, pa kasupe ndi chilimwe madzi osefukira akhoza kwathunthu wodzazidwa madzi a Ussuri Mtsinje, ndi yozizira miyezi chilumba amaima pakati pa mtsinje kuzizira. Ndicho chifukwa chake si angabweretse phindu asilikali njira kapena chuma.

Mu 1969, a Sino-Soviet chilumba, zithunzi zimene zasungidwa kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, malo pang'ono mamita lalikulu kuposa 0,7. Km, inali pa dera la USSR ndi kutengedwera Pozharsky District wa Primorsky Krai. mayiko amenewa m'mphepete pa chimodzi cha zigawo mu China - Heilongjiang. Distance ku Sino-Soviet mzinda wa Khabarovsk ndi 230 okha Km. Kuchokera kugombe Chinese, iye kuchotsedwa kwa mtunda wa pafupifupi 300 m, ndi Soviet - 500 m.

Island History

Kuti lembani mzere pakati China ndi Ufumu wa Russia Russia ku Far East ndayesera kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVII. Ndi kwa nthawi limayamba mbiri ya Sino-Soviet chilumba. Pomwepo Ufumu Russian zinafika mpaka ku Amur mtsinje wochokera konkuno ku kamwa, ndipo anaikidwa onse kumanzere ndi mbali kumanja kwa izo. Panapita zaka zingapo yeniyeni mizere malire inakhazikitsidwa. chochitika anali yoyamba ntchito zambiri malamulo. Pomaliza, mu 1860 pafupifupi dera lonse Ussuri kunapatsidwa kwa Russia.

Monga amadziwika, achikomyunizimu kutsogoleredwa ndi Mao Zedong kulamulira ku China mu 1949. makamaka kufalitsa mu masiku amenewo kuti udindo waukulu mu linali Soviet Union. zaka 2 pambuyo pa mapeto a Civil nkhondo, umene opambana anali achikomyunizimu Chinese, Beijing ndi Moscow anasaina mgwirizano. Iwo anati kuti China amazindikira malire panopa alipo ndi Soviet Union, ndipo wavomera kuti chakuti Amur ndi Ussuri mitsinje, pansi pa ulamuliro wa asilikali Soviet malire.

malamulo kale kale anatengedwa ndi zinthu mu dziko, amene malire anakafika pamodzi mitsinje, ikuchitika chabe pa njira yaikulu. Koma boma la tsarist Russia anapezerapo mwayi wa kufooka ndi acquiescence ya boma Chinese ndipo anachita disengagement mzere m'dera Ussuri Mtsinje si pa madzi, motsatira gombe zosiyana. Motero, thupi la madzi ndi zilumba pa izo anaonekera pa gawo Russian. Choncho, nsomba ndi kusambira pa Ussuri Mtsinje, ndi Chinese akanakhoza kokha ndi chilolezo cha boma loyandikana.

The nkhani zandale madzulo a mkangano

Zochitika pa Sino-Soviet chilumba anakhala ngati kukwaniritsidwa kusiyana maganizo kuti chikanachitika pakati pa maiko awiri waukulu zokomera - USSR ndi China. Iwo anayamba kubwerera mu 50s ndi chakuti China waganiza kwezani kukopa kwake lonse mu dziko ndi mu 1958 analowa mu nkhondo ndi Taiwan. Patapita zaka 4, China ali nawo malire nkhondo India. Mbali yoyamba ya Soviet Union anasonyeza thandizo zake zimenezi, wachiwiri - M'malo mwake, natsutsa.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kusiyana anali inavuta chifukwa chakuti pambuyo otchedwa Caribbean mavuto mu 1962, Moscow adafuna mwanjira matenda kugona ndi mayiko capitalist. Koma mtsogoleri Chinese Mao Tszedun anatenga kanthu monga mwala pa ziphunzitso Lenin ndi maganizo ndi Stalin. Enanso anali chinthu kupikisana ulamuliro pa maiko a msasa zokomera.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pamavuto aakulu timakhala Sino-Soviet anafotokoza mu 1956, pamene boma la Soviet Union anatenga gawo mu yimitsira cha zipolowe otchuka mu Hungary ndi Poland. Ndiye Mao anadzudzula zochita za Moscow. The kuwonongeka kwa zinthu pakati pa maiko awiri anakhudzidwa ndi timakumbukira akatswiri Soviet amene anali mu China ndiponso anamuthandiza bwino kukhala onse chuma zachitetezo. Ichi chidachitika chifukwa provocations ambiri pa gawo la China.

Pamwamba pa Mao Tszedun ndinali ndi nkhawa yoti mu West la China, ndipo makamaka mu Xinjiang adakali asilikali Soviet anakhala kumeneko kuyambira 1934. Mfundo yakuti asilikali Red Army anatenga gawo mu yimitsira a kugalukira Muslim m'mayiko amenewa. Great mmodzi wowongolera, monga dzina lake Mao ankaopa kuti m'madera amenewa adzachoka ku USSR.

Ndi theka lachiwiri la 60s, pamene Khrushchev inachotsedwa ofesi, zinthu zinavuta yovuta konse. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi yakuti pamaso nkhondo inayamba pa Sino-Soviet asapita zamtendere pakati pa maiko awiri analipo pa chabe loya zosakhalitsa.

malire akatiputa

Zinali pambuyo kuchotsa Khrushchev ku mphamvu zinthu pa chilumba wakhala mkangano. The Chinese anayamba kutumizidwa ku malire kulibe asezare m'dera la Chigawo awo otchedwa ulimi. Iwo anakumbutsa midzi Arakcheyev asilikali, akuchita pansi Nicholas, amene anali wokhoza kuti athe kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo chakudya, koma pamene panafunika kudziteteza malo awo ndi mwankhondo.

Mu zochitika oyambirira 60 mu Sino-Soviet chilumba anayamba mofulumira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anaulukira kwa Moscow inanena kuti gulu lalikulu la asilikali Chinese ndi anthu wamba amakhala akuphwanya anakhazikitsa malire boma ndi kupita ku gawo Union kumene anathamangitsidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Ambiri a iwo anali anthu wamba amene ankachita odyetserako zisonga kapena ndikutchetcha udzu. Komabe, iwo ananena kuti ali amati ku China.

Chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha akatiputa ngati kuchuluka, ndipo anayamba kufunafuna kwambiri pangozi. Red alonda adafika ku kuukira (a Cultural utasintha Anthu) pa olondera Soviet malire. Kuchita zimenezo mwamakani ndi Chinese kale anawerengedwa mwa zikwi, ndi zaloŵerera anthu mazana angapo mwa iwo. Chitsanzo cha ichi ndicho chochitika lotsatira. Izo kokha masiku 4 kuchokera kubwera 1969. Ndiye Kirkinskii pachilumbachi, ndipo tsopano Tsilintsindao Chinese ankachitika ndi akatiputa, amene panafika anthu 500.

ndewu gulu

Ngakhale boma Soviet wanena kuti anthu Chinese - mtundu abale onse pa zochitika osauka Sino-Soviet umboni mwake. Pamene alonda limati awiri malire mwangozi anawoloka gawo adatsutsana, anayamba altercation mawu, kenako inakula mwa skirmishes melee. kawirikawiri inatha mu chigonjetso cha asilikali amphamvu ndi akuluakulu Soviet ndi kusamutsidwa a Chinese mbali yawo.

Nthawi iliyonse Chinese alonda malire anayesa kuti filimu ndewu gulu ndipo kenako kupiphatisa zolinga mabodza. anayesa kuwononga zonse zopanda ndi alonda Soviet malire, amene sanazengereze kumenya psevdozhurnalistov ndi kutilanda filimu kanema awo. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, asilikali Chinese, motentheka odzipereka kwa awo "mulungu" wa Mao Zedong, kachiwiri anabwerera ku chilumba Damanskiy kumene kachiwiri kumenyedwa kapenanso kuphedwa mu dzina la mtsogoleri wake wamkulu. Koma Dziwani kuti gulu nkhondo pa melee sanabwere.

Kukonzekera China cha nkhondo

Mmodzi ngakhale wamba kuti alengeze nkhondo malire ndi kukulitsa nkhaniyo pakati China ndi USSR. Utsogoleri Chinese ali zonse anapita kutseka m'madera malire a mayunitsi awo ankhondo ndi mayunitsi wapadera, anapanga otchedwa ntchito asilikali. Choncho anamanga minda yaikulu boma zankhondo, ndi anthu mtundu asilikali.

Komanso chiwerengero cha magulu yogwira nzika anapanga asilikali anthu. Iwo zinkagwira ntchito kuteteza malire, komanso kukhazikitsa bata pa midzi yonse inali pafupi. Mayunitsi wopangidwa gulu la m'deralo, amene anali kuyang'anira anthu a chitetezo anthu.

1969. Kuzungulira gawo Chinese 200 Km lonse ndipo analandira udindo wa taboo ndi poona wabwino kumbuyo mzere. nzika onse amene zikulumikizana iliyonse banja ndi Soviet Union, kapena azimvetsa izo, akhala adasamutsidwa madera akumidzi China.

Pamene Soviet Union anali kukonzekera nkhondo

Sitingathe kunena kuti Sino-Soviet nkhondo ya Soviet Union modzidzimutsa. Popeza timakhala-wa asilikali Chinese m'dera malire, ku Soviet Union, nayenso anayamba kulimbikitsa malire ake. Choyamba, ife anapanga redeployment ena mayunitsi ndi dongosolo la chapakati ndi kumadzulo mbali ya dziko m'dera Trans-Baikal ndi Far East. Komanso malire Mzere wakhala bwino mawu a nyumba zomangamanga, amene okonzeka ndi bwino dongosolo luso chitetezo. Komanso, khama itakula asilikali usilikali.

Chofunika, tsiku isanayambe nkhondo Sino-Soviet, outposts onse malire ndi ena mayunitsi anapatsidwa ambiri mfuti katundu makina, ndi odana ndi thanki grenade launchers ndi zida zina. Panali oti muli nazo zida ogwira onyamula BTR 60 ndi BTR-PB 60 PA. Mu kumalire kwambiri anakhazikitsako magulu yam'manja.

Ngakhale patsogolo onse, zida chitetezo akali zokwanira. chakuti moŵa nkhondo ndi China adamfunsa osati zida zabwino, komanso zinthu zina ndi zina zambiri chitukuko cha njira imeneyi latsopano, komanso luso ntchito mwachindunji mu njira ya nkhondoyi.

Tsopano, pambuyo pa zaka zambiri pambuyo mkangano Sino-Soviet kwachitika, Ndizachidziwikire kuti utsogoleri dziko anali saganizira kuopsa kwa anayambika zinthu m'malire, kotero kuti kumbali yake sanali okonzeka kubweza mokwiya ndi mdani. Komanso, ngakhale kuwonongeka lakuthwa timakhala ndi China ndipo kwambiri chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha provocations akuwuka kwa Kupeza, lamulo linaperekedwa malamulo okhwima: "Kodi ntchito zida pansi napemphera monyenga mawu aliwonse!"

Mliri wa Nkhondo

The Sino-Soviet nkhondo mu 1969 anayamba ndi mfundo yakuti pafupifupi 300 asilikali a China Army, atavala yozizira kubisa, anawoloka malire Soviet. Izo zinachitika usiku wa pa March 2. The Chinese kuti anawoloka chilumba Damanskiy. Pankhondoyi anali akamayamba.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti adani anali yokonzedwa bwino. Zovala inali yabwino kwambiri ndi ofunda, kuwonjezera, iwo anali kubisa ovololo woyera. Nsalu yomweyo inazingidwa manja awo. Kuti si mabingu, ramrod munali paraffin. zida zonse anali nao anapanga China, koma pansi ziphatso Soviet. asilikali Chinese zida carbines SKS, AK 47 ndi TT mfuti.

Anawoloka kuti chisumbucho, iwo kumadzulo gombe la mtsinje ndipo anaima pa phiri. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, wakhala kusintha ndi telefoni kukhudzana ndi kumtunda. usiku kuti anali kunagwa chipale chofewa, omwe anabisala kuda iwo. Ndipo iwo mpaka m'mawa pa mphasa, ndi nthawi basking kuti anamwa mowa wamphamvu.

Pamaso pa Sino-Soviet nkhondo anali koma unakula n'kukhala nkhondo, ndi Chinese okonzeka kuthandiza mzere wa asilikali ake pa nyanza. Panali Pre-okonzeka nsanja mfuti recoilless, mortars ndi mfuti katundu makina. Komanso, apa ndi oyenda analipo pafupifupi 300 anthu.

Pa m'malire a nzeru ya Soviet analibe zida chifukwa kuonerera usiku madera ozungulira, kotero iwo sanawone kukonzekera kulikonse kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani. Komanso, ku positi pafupi Damansky zinali 800 m, ndi aone panthawiyo anali oipa kwambiri. Ngakhale 9:00 am, pamene malire chovala wopangidwa mwa anthu atatu, woyenda pa chilumbacho, Chinese sanapezeke. ophwanya Border si yokha yomwe inakhazikitsidwa.

Akukhulupirira kuti kulimbana pa Sino-Union anayamba kuchokera nthawi imene za 10,40 kumalire "Nizhne-Mikhailovka", ili 12 Km kum'mwera, analandira lipoti la asilikali kuonerera positi. Iwo ananena kuti gulu la amuna ankhondo, analipo anthu 30 anatulukira. Anasamukira ku malire ndi China motsogozedwa Sino-Soviet. Chief a kumudzi anali msilikali mkulu Ivan Strelnikov. Iye anapereka kuti nomination, ndi ogwira a m'midzi magalimoto nkhondo. Strelnikov ndi asilikali asanu anapita GAZ 69, Sergeant B. Rabovich Ine S amuna 13 - pa BTR 60 PB ndi J. Babanskii gulu, wopangidwa mwa alonda 12 malire - pa GAZ 63. makina zotsiriza lagged kumbuyo awiri pa 15 mphindi ena, monga kunapezeka kuti iye anali ndi vuto la injini.

akuvutika loyamba

Atangofika, gulu kutsogoleredwa ndi Strelnikov, amene mulinso wojambula zithunzi Nikolai Petrov, anapita Chinese. Iwo zionetsero za kuwoloka oletsedwa malire, komanso ayenera yomweyo kusiya m'dera la Soviet Union. Pambuyo pake, ena Chinese anafuula, ndipo iwo Udindo woyamba, madzi anagawanika. asilikali Chinese anatsegula moto basi pa Strelnikov ndi gulu lake. alonda malire Soviet anaphedwa pa malopo. Kuyambira manja a Petrov kale akufa anatenga kanema kamera, iye anajambula chirichonse chimene chimachitika, koma kamera sanadziwe - asilikali kugwa, mbanfinikiza ndi thupi lake. Zinali wovulalayo oyambirira, omwe anali tangoyamba Sino-Soviet nkhondo.

Gulu lachiwiri molamulidwa ndi Rabovicha ankaganiza nkhondo wosiyana. Iye anamuwombera ku otsiriza. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali ndipo ena asilikali ndi Yu Babanskii. Iwo anatenga mbali kumbuyo kuseri comrades awo, ndipo madzi mdani mfuti moto. Motero, gulu lonse anaphedwa Rabovicha. Mu anapulumuka yekha ndi chozizwitsa anapulumuka wamba Gennadiy Serebrov. Zinali anauza zonse zimene zinachitika comrades wake.

Babanskii gulu anapitiriza kumenyana, koma mfuti chinatha nthawi yomweyo. Choncho anaganiza kuti achoke. Alonda apulumuke kupulumuka APCs anabisala m'gawo Soviet. Ndipo pa nthawi ino kumupulumutsa ndifulumire asilikali 20 lapafupi kumudzi "Kulebyakiny phiri" kutsogoleredwa ndi Vitaliem Bubeninym. Anali kumpoto kwa Sino-Soviet pa mtunda wa 18 Km. Choncho, thandizo anafika yekha kuti 11,30. alonda Border nawonso anayamba nkhondo, koma mphamvu anali wosiyana. Choncho, mtsogoleri wawo anaganiza kumachilambalala abisalire Chinese kumbuyo.

Bubenin and 4 asilikali, kumizidwa mu APC, n'kuyamba mdani anayamba kuwombera pa iye kuchokera kumbuyo, ndi alonda ena anali umalimbana moto a pachilumbachi. Ngakhale kuti Chinese akhala kangapo lalikulu kuposa iwo anali mu mkhalidwe akumane kwambiri. Chifukwa, izo anatha kuwononga Chinese Bubenin lamulo positi. Pambuyo pake, adani ao anayamba kuchoka malo, kutenga nawo akufa ndiwobvulazidwa.

Mozungulira 12,00 chilumba cha Sino-Soviet mkangano umene kupitirirabe, anadza msilikali D. Leonov. Iye ndicho asilikali pawiri malire alonda chinali pa ayendetsa za makilomita 100 kuchokera ku malo a nkhondo. Iwo analowa nkhondoyo, ndi madzulo a tsiku lomwelo asilikali Soviet anakwanitsa kumenya pa chilumba.

Nkhondoyi anapha 32 malire alonda, ndi asilikali 14 anavulala. Kodi anthu ambiri ataya mbali Chinese panopa bwanji, chifukwa mauthenga amenewa zimagawidwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za alonda Soviet malire, China aziphonya za 100-150 a asilikali ake ndi akazembe.

anapitiriza nkhondo

Nanga Moscow? Pa tsiku ili, Mlembi General Leonid Brezhnev adayitana akulu a asilikali malire a USSR General V. Matrosov nazizwa chimene chiri losavuta nkhondo kapena nkhondo ndi China? A boma mkulu wa asilikali amayenera kudziwa zinthu m'malire, koma kunapezeka, iye sanali kuzidziwa. Choncho, namucha zochitika nkhondo yosavuta. Iye sankadziwa kuti olondera malire kwa maola angapo, kusunga chitetezo pa ukulu angapo a mdani, osati anthu oti komanso manja.

Pambuyo kugunda, chimene chinachitika pa March 2 Damanskiy zonse woyenda ndi zovala anatsindika, ndi kumbuyo ndi makilomita angapo chilumbachi oyenda magawano lonse, kumene kuwonjezera zida zankhondo anali kufalitsidwa ndi panali roketi launchers "Grad". China amadziwikanso pokonzekera kuukira lotsatira. Ndi malire anali omangika ambiri a la asilikali - pafupifupi 5,000 anthu.

Ine ndiyenera kunena, kumalire alonda analibe malangizo chochita lotsatira. Panalibe lolingana malamulo ku General Wogwila, kapena ndi nduna ya chitetezo. Mu zochitika yovuta, kuli chete utsogoleri dziko anali ponseponse. Mbiri ya Soviet Union ladzala ndi mfundo zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga yowala kwambiri iwo: m'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Stalin sanathe kukhazikitsa pamtima anthu Soviet. Kuti kuchotsa utsogoleri wa USSR singalifotokoze chisokonezo wonse zochita za usilikali kumalire positi March 14, 1969, pamene gawo lachiwiri la nkhondo Sino-Soviet.

Pa 15,00 malire alonda anawalamula kuti: "Siyani Sino-Soviet" (akadali osadziwika amene inalamula). Mwamsanga pamene asilikali a Soviet anachoka chilumbachi, Chinese yomweyo anayamba timagulu kuthamanga kudutsa ndi kulimbikitsa maudindo awo ankhondo. Ndipo za 20,00 anapita dongosolo zosiyana: ". Tengani Sino-Soviet"

Unpreparedness ndi chisokonezo analamulira lonse. malangizo otsutsana analandira mosalekeza, ndi chotheka ambiri a iwo alonda malire anakana kumuponya. Mu nkhondo imeneyi, anapha msilikali Demokrat Leonov, amene anayesa circumvent mdani kumbuyo yatsopano chinsinsi T-62 thanki. Galimoto chawonongeka ndipo tinataika. Iye anayesetsa kuwononga mortars, koma zimenezi zakhala bwino - idagwa mu ayezi. Patapita nthawi, ndi Chinese ndatambasula padziko thanki, ndipo tsopano iye ali m'nyumbayi asilikali Beijing. Zonsezi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti msilikali sankadziwa chilumba, kotero akasinja Soviet kotero imprudently anafika pafupi ndi malo mdani.

The podwala zinatha mbali Soviet anali kugwiritsa ntchito roketi launchers "Grad" ndi adani amphamvu. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba imene yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida pankhondo yaikulu. Ndi kukhazikitsa "Grad" ndipo anaganiza zotsatira za nkhondo. Pambuyo pake panali chete.

zotsatira

Ngakhale kuti nkhondo Soviet-Chinese inatha mu chigonjetso lathunthu Soviet Union, zokambirana katundu Damansky inatenga zaka pafupifupi 20. Only mu 1991 chilumba anakhala mwalamulo la Chinese. Tsopano amatchedwa Zhenbao, limene limatanthauza "mtengo wapatali".

Pankhondo usilikali USSR anataya anthu 58, 4 wa iwo - alonda. China, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, wataya 500 mpaka 3000 ya asilikali ake.

Pakuti kulimbamtima wake, alonda asanu anapatsidwa udindo Hero wa Soviet Union, atatu a iwo - atamwalira. Wina asilikali 148 anapatsidwa malamulo ena ndi mendulo.