Swedish Korol Karl 12: yonena, mbiri, photos, zaka za moyo wake ndi ulamuliro

Mmodzi wa mafumu ambiri maganizo a Scandinavia anali Swedish Korol Karl 12. Mu ulamuliro wake anagonjetsa maiko Scandinavia afika malire awo pazipita, koma, chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa pankhondo, anali mapeto a Swedish Ufumu. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri a mtundu kapena woluza anali Carl 12 - Swedish mfumu? Wambiri ya mfumu ungatithandize kuyang'ana mu nkhani imeneyi.

ubwana

anali Kodi munthu uyu - Swedish Korol Karl 12? Mwachidule yonena za mfumu, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera, kunayamba kubadwa kwa munthu korona. Kuti kudzakhala kufika kuyambira pa nkhani yathu.

Choncho, tsogolo Swedish Korol Karl 12, anabadwa mu June 1682 ku likulu la Stockholm. bambo ake anali mfumu ya Sweden Carl 11-Palatinate Tsvaybryukkenskoy mafumu, ndi mayi wake - Ulrika Eleonora, mwana wamkazi wa Frederik Mfumu ya Denmark 3.

12 Karl anali wabwino kwambiri kuti maphunziro nthawi, umboni ndi osachepera chakuti mwamuna wake anali akadali ankalankhula zinenero zingapo.

Chitunda ufumu

Karl 11, anafa oyambirira, pa zaka 41, pamene mwana wake anali ndi zaka 14 zokha. Kuyambira pamenepo Carl 12 - ndi Swedish mfumu. Iye anavekedwa yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa ya kholo mu March 1697.

Ngakhale zofuna atate wake ndi mwana zaka 12 Karl anaumirira kuzindikira za usinkhu wake ndi amasiya regency utsogoleli.

Woyamba nkhondo

Kuyambira zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wake, iye anakhala nawo yokopa zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo Carl 12 - ndi Swedish mfumu. The yonena za wolamulira pafupifupi kwathunthu wapangidwa ndi mafotokozedwe a pomenya nkhondo. Mu flurry wa ntchito si otsiriza ntchito yomwe maximalism achinyamata.

12 Karl ankadziwa kuti akhale kukumana ndi Russia Mgwirizano, Denmark ndi Poland, koma, ngakhalebe, sanazengereze kuyamba ndi maiko awa nkhondoyo. yamba wake woyamba iye anatumiza Denmark mu 1700. Choncho anayamba Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo.

The chonamizira kumenya nkhondo anali kuukira msuweni Karl 12, King Frederik la Denmark, ndi amene angakuthandizeni wa Swedish mfumu Fridriha Golshteyn-Gottorp. Kutenga naye ochepa chimadalira asilikali, Karl anapanga 12 othamanga ikamatera mu likulu la odana ake - mzinda wa Copenhagen. Mosazengereza ndi liwiro la kanthu kwa mfumu ya ku Sweden anakakamizika kufunsa Chidanishi mfumu ya dziko, sanayembekezere chotero mofulumira achinyamata Charles.

Denmark kugonja mfundo anachititsa pachimake kusakhutira pakati ogwirizana ake - Polish mfumu August 2, amenenso anali Elector la Saxony, ndi Russian tsar Peter 1, kenako dzina Wamkulu.

The nkhondo Baltic States

Mu February 1700, asilikali Achisaxon anazinga August 2 Swedish mzinda mu Baltic States. Posachedwapa nkhondo limodzi ndi wamphamvu wa oimira odana Swedish Mgwirizano - 1 Petro.

asilikali Russian anazinga mzinda Baltic wa Narva ndi Ivangorod, wokwatibwa ndi Sweden. Imeneyi, Carl 12 anasonyeza mtima wake ndi maganizo mwamsanga. Pa mutu wa Corps aboma, poyamba mukondwerera chigonjetso awo pa Denmark, iye anafika Baltic States. Ngakhale kuti magulu ankhondo Russian asilikali molamulidwa ndi Field polimbana de A Croix katatu kuposa asilikali Swedish, Karl sanaope kupereka zoopsa nkhondo. Kulimba mtima kwake anadalitsidwa monga Sweden anapambana chigonjetso chathunthu. asilikali Russian zowawa ndithu n'zosangalatsa kumva ndi zinthu zomvetsa, makamaka anataya zida zankhondo awo onse.

Control pa Pribaltikoy Karlom 12 limzake.

Nkhondo ndi Poland

Mdani wotsatira wa Charles 12, amene anali kulimbana, anali Mfumu ya Poland ndi Elector la Saxony nthawi yomweyo pa August 2.

Izo ziyenera ananena kuti August 2 akhoza kudalira yekha pa asilikali ake Achisaxon. Mu Poland, iye anali mlendo, anaitanidwa ku mpando wachifumu. Kuwonjezera pa andale kwambiri wa Commonwealth m'gulu pakalibe uyang'aniro woumitsa centralized, ufulu wa otchuka, amene anapanga ufumu ndi ofooka kwambiri. Osanenapo chakuti mu Poland panali otsutsa kwa August 2, okonzeka kuthandiza Karl 12. kutsogolera mbali pazochitika magnate Stanisław Leszczynski.

Swedish Korol Karl 12 1702 atalanda Poland. Pa nkhondo ya Klishove iye inaonongeka August 2, ngakhale kuti asilikali ake numerically otsika asilikali mdani kawiri. Asilikali a Sweden analanda zonse mdani zida zankhondo.

Mu 1704, akuluakulu a ku olemekezeka Polish, amene anathandiza Charles 12, August 2 ndi kuchotsa analengeza mfumu Stanislava Leschinskogo. De facto kulamulira dera la Rzeczpospolita Korol Stanislav anali kupeza ndi thandizo la mfumu Swedish mu 1706. Zinachitika 12 Carl anasiya 2 August kukhonda yotsirizira kunena Altranshtedsky dziko, chimene iye amasiya wachifumu Polish, koma adasunga chisankho cha Saxony.

Kukwera ku Russia

Choncho, pofika kumapeto kwa 1706 kwa Mgwirizano lonse, kutsutsa Swedish, kokha Russia anakhalabe mu zigawo. Koma tsoka iye ankawoneka kuti sanasindikizidwe. Ankhondo a Charles anagonjetsa Russian pa yomweyo kukumanizana ndi limati zina. Tsopano, pamene Petro 1 anataya ogwirizana okha chozizwitsa akhoza kupulumutsa Russian ufumu ku okwana kugonja.

Komabe, pamene Swedish Mfumu Carl 12 anali kulamulidwa ndi zochitika Polish, Peter 1 anakwanitsa kukawamenya mndandanda wake wa mizinda Baltic ndipo ngakhale kuti zimapezeka m'dera likulu lake - St. Petersburg. Mwachibadwa zimenezi kusasangalatsidwa Scandinavia mfumu. Iye anaganiza zopha nkhonya imodzi ndi mdani, nalanda Moscow.

Pamene nkhondo yolimbana ndi Poland, pamaso pa nkhondo ya Charles 12 anapeza lankhondo. Monga Little Russian Hetman Ivan Mazepa ndi Cossack alonda ndi pokha-anapanga, kusakhutira ndi malire ufulu ndi boma tsarist. thandizo kuti Mazeppa watenga mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chisankho kusamukira ku Moscow Charles kudzera Little Russia. M'mbuyo monsemu, a Peter 1 sankakhulupirira kuipitsidwa izi, monga okhulupirika kwambiri kwa Cossack hetman, koma mfundo ya pangano pakati pa mfumu Swedish ndi Mazepa iye koposa kamodzi lipoti. Kuwonjezera apo, angakuthandizeni a Charles 12, ankayenera kuti Ufumu wa Ottoman, umene panthawi imeneyo unali pa nkhondo ndi mphamvu Russian.

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1708 asilikali a Charles 12, analowa kudera la ufumu wa Russian, amene amayembekezeka kukhala ndi Russian Ufumu. Mfumu ya ku Sweden anapita ku Little Russia, ndipo anapulumutsidwa ku Baltic anasamukira General Lewenhaupt. Mu September 1708 iye anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a Russian mu Forest, ndipo alibe nthawi kugwirizana ndi mwayekha wake.

nkhondo ya Poltava

12 Carl (Mfumu ya Sweden) ndi Peter 1 anakumana mu 1709 mu nkhondo ya Poltava, ndilo mfumu Scandinavia anazinga kwa miyezi ingapo. Kwenikweni anali nkhondo osati mwangwiro Russian msonkhano, koma lonse la nkhondo kumpoto. Nkhondo anali oopsa, ndi muyezo ndi tilting mu njira imodzi kenako zinthu zina. Pomaliza, chifukwa cha namatetule wa Petro 1, asilikali a Sweden anali kwathunthu wosweka. Iwo anataya pafupifupi 10,000 anaphedwa ndipo anavulazidwa, ndi oposa 2.5 zikwi. Anthu anagwidwa.

12 Karl yekha anavulazidwa ndi kupulumuka ndi anthu odzipereka, kusiya mbali yaikulu ya usilikali kuti tsoka ake. Kenako, zotsala za asilikali Swedish capitulated pa Perevolochna. Choncho, chiwerengero cha akaidi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda chinawonjezeka ndi 10-15 zikwi. Man.

chosaiwalika nkhondo anali kwa Russia, amene anali ndi chisoni Swedish Mfumu Carl 12. Photos wa mpingo, yemwe anamanga pokumbukira chochitika chachikulu ichi pa malo a nkhondo, aikidwa pamwamba.

Chifukwa kugonjetsedwa ndi

Koma pazifukwa zina Ndataya nkhondo Carl 12 - Swedish mfumu? Zaka za ulamuliro wa mfumu ya sankawabisira kupambana ulemerero, ndi zinthu kwambiri. Zinali namatetule wa Petro 1?

Inde, Russian mwayekha asilikali talente zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri kugonjetsa asilikali a Sweden, koma pali zifukwa zina kwambiri. Russian asilikali kawiri, ndipo mwina opitirira, yandikulira Swedish. Ivan Mazepa, chithandizo chikuyembekezeka chifukwa Carl sanathe zikathandiza ambiri Cossacks ku mbali ya mfumu Swedish. Komanso, Turkey sanali mofulumira kuthandiza.

A mbali yofunika kwambiri kugonjetsedwa kwa Charles anali kunena kuti kusintha mu dera la Russia kunapatsidwa kwa iye si kophweka. ankhondo ake anafera yaikulu sanali nkhondowo zomvetsa kugwirizana ndi kukula kwa msonkhano. Komanso, nthawi zonse kukupiza osasamba Russian apakavalo sokonezedwe pomenyana ndi kubisala. Choncho, kutayiratu asilikali Swedish nthawi yofikira yake Poltava, nkhani theka la asilikali. Pambuyo pake, asilikali a Sweden akadali miyezi itatu kukazungulira Poltava. mphamvu Russian si kawiri asilikali a Sweden chiwerengero, koma panali ndi mwatsopano, mosiyana kwa wamenyedwa lankhondo la adani.

Musaiwale kuti pamene Karl 12 pa nthawi ya nkhondo, ndipo anali kale asilikali otchuka, koma, ngakhalebe, iye anali ndi zaka 27 zokha, ndi achinyamata - bwenzi kawirikawiri zolakwa amapha.

Atakhala Bendery

onse a moyo wanga 12 Charles anali bwinobwino kulephera ndi zokhumudwitsa. Poltava nkhondo anakhala ngati Rubicon pakati pa zaka za ulemerero ndi manyazi. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoopsa ndi Carl Peter 1 12 anathawira ku malo a angakuthandizeni ake - ndi Turkey yakumeneko. Swedish mfumu anaima mu mzinda wa Bendery, kuti pa dera la Transnistria ano.

Anamwalira asilikali lonse, Mfumu ya Sweden anakakamizika nkhondo zokambirana Russian. Iye mabodza yakumeneko Turkey kupita ku nkhondo ndi ufumu Russian. Mu 1711, khama lake potsiriza kukubereka. Pakati Russia ndi Ottoman anayamba nkhondo ina. zotsatira zake zinali zokhumudwitsa Petulo 1: anatsala pang'ono analandidwa ndipo anataya ena chuma chawo. Koma Carl ndi 12 kupambana, Turkey anapambana kanthu. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi dziko, kutha 1713 pakati pa Ottoman ndi Russia, mfumu ya ku Sweden anali mokakamiza anathamangitsidwa ndi Sultan katundu Turkey. Panali ngakhale sagwirizana ndi Janissaries, imene Carl anavulala.

Choncho inatha zaka zinayi nthawi yogona kwa Swedish mfumu Bender. Panthawi imeneyi, ufumu wake anakana kukula kwambiri. Iwo anataika m'gawo la Finland, ndi Baltic States ndi Germany. Mu Poland kachiwiri analamulira wakhala nthawi yaitali mdani wa Charles 12 - August 2.

Homecoming

masiku khumi ndi ziwiri 12 Carl kuwoloka onse a ku Ulaya, n'kukafika mumzinda wa Stralsund - katundu Swedish m'mbali kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Baltic. Zinangokhala woterowu ndi Danes. Karl anayesa mudzi ndi chimadalira ka asilikali, koma analephera. Kenako anasamukira ku Sweden kukhalabe umwini ake osachepera Scandinavia.

Carl anapitiriza ntchito mwakhama Norway, kumene kunali mbali ya korona Chidanishi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kumvetsa zovuta za moyo wake, iye anali kuyesera kunena pangano mtendere ndi Russia.

imfa

Malinga ndi Baibulo boma, Karl 12, anaphedwa mu 1718 mu Norway ndi chipolopolo yosokera, akumenyana Danes. Izo zinachitika pa linga Fredriksten.

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, imfa yake inali zotsatira za chiwembu cha apamwamba Swedish, amene sanakhutire ndi analephera mfundo yachilendo ya mfumu.

Adakali chinsinsi funso la amene dzanja anataika zaka Swedish Mfumu Carl 12 za moyo wa mfumu imeneyi - kuchokera 1682 mpaka 1718. anamwalira Charles zaka 36.

makhalidwe General

Glorious, olemera, koma lalifupi moyo wake Swedish Korol Karl 12. mbiri, mbiri ya pomenya nkhondo ndi imfa m'nkhani takambiranazi. mbiri yakale ambiri amavomereza kuti Karl 12 kunali nkhondo mtsogoleri amene amadziwa kupambana nkhondo, ndi asilikali ochepa kuposa mdani. Komabe, pali kufooka kwake monga States a. 12 Karl sanathe m'chitetezo kutukuka tsogolo la Sweden. Kale pa moyo wake pamaso ufumu wamphamvu adayamba kugwa.

Komabe, Karl 12 ndi chimodzi mwa umunthu kwambiri mu mbiri Swedish.