Scottish Knight Uilyam Uolles: MBIRI. A mwachidule mbiri ya kugalukira ndi

Scottish Knight Uilyam Uolles ndi ngwazi yadziko ku dziko lake. Anakhala mtsogoleri wa kupandukira ulamuliro wa Britain, umene unachitika mu zaka za m'ma XIII. Monga chirichonse kugwirizana ndi Zapakati, mfundo za moyo wake m'malo wopereŵera, makamaka zokhudza zaka zoyambilira, pamene iye anali akadali osadziwika.

magwero

Uilyam Uolles anabadwa padziko 1270. Iye anali mwana wachiwiri m'banja la tidakocheza ndi pang'ono odziwika Knight. Popeza William sanali wamkulu, ndi maudindo ingapo iye. Komabe, izi sizinamulepheretse kuphunzira luso la lupanga ndi zida zina, popanda zomwe n'zovuta kulingalira moyo wa munthu. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 16 ndi nthawi tsogolo lake, chinthu china chosayembekezeka.

Zimene zikuchitika ku dziko

Mfumu Alexander III of Scotland anafa chifukwa cha ngozi. Iye analibe ana aamuna amene Zinali zololeka akulowa ufumu. Koma panali yaing'ono zaka zinayi mwana Margaret. Pamene ankalamulidwa ndi regents pakati pa anthu olemekezeka Scotland. Kumwera mnansi - England Mfumu Edward I - anaganiza mwayi pa zimenezi ndipo anavomera kuti mtsikana angatenge mwana wake. Pa nthawi kukondera anali atafika. Komabe, Margaret pang'ono anafa matenda pa zaka eyiti. Izi zapangitsa kuti chipwirikiti imeneyi mu dziko. Pa zakuti mphamvu anati zambiri ambuye ang'onoang'ono a Scotland.

Ena a iwo anatembenukira kwa Edward, choncho anakambirana, amene ali bwino kwambiri ku mpando wachifumu. Iye akufuna mwamuna wake - Balliol. Iye ankaona kuti protege wake angamvetsere, kuphatikizapo kutsogolera asilikali ake kuthandiza British nkhondo yolimbana France. Komabe, izi sizinachitike. Edward anaona kuti imeneyi ndi kuperekedwa ndi anaganiza mpata muligonjetse onse Scotland wokha wokha. Ngati kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa dziko anatha kuika zinthu mu dongosolo, zigawo kumpoto anagalukira.

Start otchuka

Mwa opandukawo anali mnyamata Uilyam Uolles. Poyamba iye anali msilikali wamba. Kamodzi anagwidwa ndi ku Britain amene namponya m'ndende. Komabe, alimi akumayiko Scottish anali katundu wake ndipo anathandiza kuthamanga. Ndiye Uilyam Uolles anasonkhana mwini olimbanawo gulu, amene bwinobwino talandidwa ndi kupha alendo naye.

Kwa kapitao wamng'ono zinali mfundo yofunika, monga British anapha bambo ake. William ndi chipani chake cha anthu makumi atatu linapeza munthu amachirikiza Knight izi nampatsa pa chiwawa. Malinga ndi midzi Scottish panali mphekesera za obwezera anthu. Iwo anayankha amakhumudwa alowererepo ambiri. Ambiri a iwo anali osavuta m'mudzimo, wotopa ndi kulanda ndi chilungamo. Zinali 1297. Pa nthawi yomweyo Wallace anali woyamba kutchulidwa magwero zolembedwa za olemba ndiye chomveka.

mbali zatsopano

Posapita nthawi, kumuwombera nkhondo woyenera anayamba kuchilakalaka anthu otchuka m'dera limene mbali anali ndi kuwasokoneza British m'zochitika Scotland. The njonda choyamba, analowa mu mgwirizano ndi opanduka, anali Uilyam Hardi, ndi udindo wa Ambuye Douglas. Pofuna kuletsa kupanduka Eduard anatumiza kumpoto Roberta Bryusa.

Zinali Ambuye wa Annandale, poyamba okhulupirika kwa mfumu British. Chifukwa udindo uwu unali kuti Robert ankatsutsa Balliol, amene Edward ndi kulanga kuwukira awo a dziko loyandikana nalo. Koma pa nthawi imeneyi pamene Bruce anali M'modzi-m'modzi ndi kayendedwe zigawenga, anaganiza kuti agwirizane opandukawo.

Nkhondo ya chabwino Bridge

Boma la Britain sanathe kulekerera kupanduka aukali. nthawi ili kumpoto wapita 10000th asilikali Earl wa Surrey Dzhona De Varenne, amene anawoloka njira ya Uilyam Uolles. Mbiri ya kugalukira ndi Anapachikidwa mu muyezo: ngati mtsogoleri wa anagonjetsedwa, British akanati yomweyo akuikidwa pa chitetezo kumpoto.

The Chi anali kokha oyenda, zimene Komanso ndi otsika chiwerengero cha mdani. Wallace analamula kuti ulamuliro pa phiri patsogolo pa mlatho wa Stirling Castle. Izi ndi njira yokhayo anali yopapatiza, ndipo sakunena anthu angapo ku chiwerengero chomwecho. Choncho, pamene British anayamba kuwoloka mtsinje pa gombe zosiyana kunapezeka ndithu pang'ono asilikali pakati pa avant-garde. Zinali zigaŵenga zankhondo wake anaukira zida ndi tifupitifupi ndi mikondo mamita angapo yaitali. zida Last anali makamaka polimbana Ankhondo kwambiri oti muli nazo zida koma pang'onopang'ono Zithunzi. Pamene British anayesa imathandizira kusuntha kudutsa mlatho kuthandiza comrades wake, anagwa, ndi mu mtsinje kunapezeka kuti mbali yaikulu ya nkhondo. Pambuyo fiasco izi asilikali a mfumu anathamangira kuthawa. Komabe, ngakhale kuti asilikali sadathe, chifukwa kumbuyo kwawo kunali dambo amene ali Anapitirizabe. Chifukwa zotsala za asilikali anakhala mosavuta kwa Chi. Mmodzi wa viceroys chofunika kwambiri ku Britain dzina lake Hugh Kressingem anaphedwa. Pali nthano imene khungu, amene adatuluka mwa gulaye pa lupanga la William Wallace.

Koma ngakhale mwa Chi anali zomvetsa lolemera. Choyamba, kupha pafupifupi zikwi asilikali, kuti united, koma zochepa kayendedwe zinandipweteka kwambiri. Kachiwiri, kugwa ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri a asilikali zigawenga ndi Endryu De Morro, akale mnzake wokhulupirika wa William.

Pambuyo athana British chabwino mlatho kumanzere lonse la Scotland. The barons wa dziko osankhidwa William regent, kapena woyang'anira wa dziko. Komabe, ambiri a iwo a upstart otsika-anabadwa mu kusakhulupirira ndipo kukalapa wake yekha pansi mavuto ambiri, pa mwake, kwathunthu wachifundo Wallace. Pa funde la bwino, iye amalimbana m'chigawo cha kumpoto kwa England pamene asilikali yaing'ono anawonongedwa.

kuwukira Edward Ine ndi

Komabe, kunali kokha wabwino kwanthawi yochepa. Mpaka nthawi imeneyi, ntchito yochotsa Wallace zinachitika popanda nkhani mwachindunji Edward, amene safuna yekha ku nkhondo ya polalikira zochitika French. Koma mu latsopano 1298 Iye wawukira Scotland ndi magulu atsopano. Panthawi imeneyi asilikali analipo masauzande detachment asilikali kwambiri nkhondo, amene anali yopambana zinachitikira nkhondo, kuphatikizapo mu France.

Resources kwa opanduka sanali kwambiri. Iwo anazindikira Uilyam Uolles. Scotland unasokonezeka kuti malire ake. Onse amuna amphamvu akhala anasamuka midzi mtendere ndi midzi kuteteza dziko. Direct atasemphana polimbana ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu lachifumu imfa.

Choncho, Wallace kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya anapsa lapansi. Mfundo yaikulu ya zinali kuti Chi Pochoka madera kum'mwera, koma izo zisanachitike anawononga zomangamanga m'deralo - m'minda, misewu, chakudya, madzi, etc. Izi ndi vuto yovuta kwambiri ya British, chifukwa iwo anali kutsatira mdani kwa chipululu ovutika ...

Nkhondo ya Falkirk

Pamene Edward kale anaganiza kuti nthawi kusiya Scotland, umene zimakhala zovuta kuti akakole partisans, anaphunzira za malo enieni a Wallace. Iye anayima pafupi ndi tauni ya Falkirk. Palinso zinachitika nkhondo.

Pofuna kuteteza asilikali ku apakavalo, bwana Uilyam Uolles oyenda azungulira stockade, mu intervals amene anali wokonzeka oponya mivi. Komabe, asilikali ake anali wofooka kwambiri ndi kuperekedwa kwa ena olemekezeka, amene panthawi yotsiriza kuti mbali ya British, nthawi yomweyo akutenga miyoyo ya asilikali awo. Ankhondo a mfumu kawiri Scottish (15,000 vs. 7,000). Choncho, chigonjetso British anali zomveka.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa ndi chilango

Ngakhale kugonjetsedwa kwa Chi anakwanitsa abwerere. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali ndi Uilyam Uolles. Wambiri mkulu anali kudwala kwambiri aonongeka. Iye anaganiza kupempha thandizo kwa mfumu ya France, kumene adapita pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa ofesi ya regent, natisunthitsa iwo Robert Bruce (m'tsogolo adzakhala mfumu ya wodziimira Scotland).

Komabe, zokambirana sinathe chilichonse. William kunyumba, kumene mu umodzi wa skirmishes ndi anagwidwa ndi British. Anaphedwa August 23, 1305. njira panali molapitsa kwambiri: onse ankagwiritsa ntchito ikulendewera, quartering ndi eviscerating. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, Knight wolimba anakhalabe mu chikumbukiro cha ngwazi mtundu wa anthu.