Nduna ya Culture wa USSR Furtseva Catherine: yonena, ntchito, banja

Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna - izi mwina mkazi yekhayo mu dziko lathu, umene uli theka 2 zaka za m'ma 20. Iye anali wokhoza kuti kukwera pamwamba pa mphamvu. Msungwana, yemwe anabadwa mu High Volochek, kwa zaka zingapo anali "Hostess" mu Moscow, ndi atakhala m'mipando yawo pa phwando Olympus, kukhala mamembala a secretariat ndi presidium wa kulamulira Committee Central. zaka khumi ndi zinayi Ekaterina Furtseva anali mtsogoleri wa Utumiki wa Culture wa USSR.

Nanga tingazifotokoze bwanji ndi utumiki umenewo zosaneneka ngati mtsikana wamba? munthu makhalidwe mwayi, mwayi kapena chisoni chachikulu cha mayiyo atsogoleri? Kumene, zonsezi, mosakaika, analipo pa moyo wake. Komabe Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna mosalekeza anakhomerera njira awo mmadera, kulimbikitsa mofulumira ntchito mkazi. Mwanjira imeneyi, heroine wathu yotero.

mkanjo ntchito

12.07.1910, mu la Upper Volochyok, amene anali pa nthawi m'chigawo lina la Tver, ndi Furtseva Catherine anabadwa. Wambiri zinali zovuta kwambiri. bambo Catherine, Alex Gavrilovic, ankagwira ntchito wamba zitsulo. Pa First World nkhondo, anam'tenga kuti akhale m'gulu la asilikali tsarist, pamene iye anafa mu nkhondo yoyamba yomwe. Ngakhale kuti tsoka la Catherine Furtsevoy otukuka, pa koyamba, chabwino, iye analandira ana aang'ono akuvutitsidwa ndi imfa ya bambo ake, zonse mantha akuti asiyidwa, anasiyidwa ndi kukanidwa. Mkazi uyu ali kwambiri amadalira kwambiri pa mabwenzi ndi mabanja beloveds ndi abwenzi. Ankaopa kulingalira chomwe izo zikhoza kukhala ndekha.

Mayi Catherine Furtsevoy, Marya Nikolaevna, ukwati salinso lofalitsidwa. Iye ndi amene anauka pa miyendo mwana ndi mwana. Marya Nikolayevna anali mkazi osaphunzira. Komabe, mu mzinda iye yapamwamba kwambiri.

Luso zochita wanyonga anatengera kwa mayi Furtseva Catherine. Wambiri kenako anayamba choncho chifukwa cha khalidwe lamphamvu, chimene tinganene, yakupereka mkazi tinatengera. Komabe, ngakhale, Catherine A. mosamala kubisa mmene kuthedwa nzeru zimene anamuchitira moyo wake.

Pambuyo asanu chaka mtsikana analowa sukulu ina kumene iye analandira ntchito za nsalu. Employment History Furtsevoy Catherine anayamba ntchito makina. Kenako, Nduna ya Culture m'tsogolo mizu zopweteka kwa dzina lake "nsalu". andale Senior pa mpata uliwonse kukhala odzikuza, ananyozedwa kumbukirani ake kuyambira ntchito. Pamene palibe mlandu pa ichi. Ndipo n'kofunika kuti mtsikana anali kuyamba oyambirira ntchito, si ulemu, komanso chisoni.

Komabe, osati kale anayimira makina Furtseva Catherine. Wambiri mwa iye wasintha kwambiri pambuyo polowa Komsomol.

Catherine anali othamanga ndi bwino anayamba msungwana, omwe ndi zogwirizana ndi zoyembezereka za chi. Izi zinali imene Catherine kwenikweni pakati pa chilakolako kukumana moyo wa munthu uyu, mwanjira iliyonse zokolola za kugonana mphamvu.

Kwa miyezi khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, iye anali mlembi wa komiti chigawo Komsomol m'mudzi Korenevo (tsopano Kursk dera). Kenako Furtseva ndinapatsidwa ntchito yatsopano, ndipo sanabwerere ku dera limeneli. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti moyo paokha Ekateriny Furtsevoy nthawi imeneyi m'tsogolo chimasungidwa ndi nduna tsogolo la Culture. Koma pali vuto chakuti 25/08/1931, mtsikana anakwatira kalipentala. Komabe, patangopita miyezi itatu ukwati linatha. Dzina la mkazi woyamba Furtsevoy mbiri yakale zobisika.

wosangalala

Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna anali zingamuthandize kwambiri wantchito. N'chifukwa chake mu 1931 anasamutsidwira ku malo Mlembi wa Komsomol mu Feodosia. Apa, mu Koktebel, ndi chilakolako chachikulu kwa zokayikitsa motsetsereka. Ndipo iye wapanga ayamikira pa komiti dera chipani yophunzira maphunziro apamwamba maphunziro Aeroflot. Kenako Furtseva anabwera Saratov, pamene iye anayamba kuthandiza mkulu wa dipatimenti ndale Komsomol ku koleji ndege.

Apa ndi pamene Catherine anakumana chikondi chake choyamba kwambiri. kusankha ake anali woyendetsa Petr Ivanovich Bitkov. Mu mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo, ndege ndi apambananso kwambiri ndi akazi padziko iwo kuyamika kukongola kwa. Ndipo Petro Bitkov anali chidwi ndi otchuka munthu. Iwo akukumana Catherine chiphunzitso cha otetezeka moyo okondedwa amene akhoza kukhala weniweni kwa atiteteze ndi kuthandiza ndi kumupatsa zimene anali mosatsata kale. Achinyamata tinakwatirana.

Mu 1936, Peter Bitkov kunditumiza ku ntchito m'dipatimenti Political la Civil Aviation. Mu nkhani imeneyi, banja wamng'ono anasamukira ku Moscow. Mu likulu Furtseva anayamba kugwira ntchito ngati mlangizi mu dipatimenti ya ophunzira Komsomol. Wakhala athana ndi ntchito anatumizidwa izo. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti sanali mu moyo wophunzirayo, iye konse sanali nawo palokha mu maphunziro apamwamba.

Mu 1937 Furtseva anali azikaphunzira pa Institute of Wabwino Chemical Technology. Lomonosov. Komabe, wophunzira Catherine A. anali moperewera. Inde, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo chikuonetseratu anachita nawo mwakhama ntchito pagulu, kutenga malo a Mlembi wa komiti ya chipani cha Institute. Inde, dipuloma ya maphunziro apamwamba iye analandira. Iwo anampatsa kwa iye mu 1941, nkhondo isanathe. N'chifukwa chake amayamba kugwira ntchito Catherine Alexeevna analephera zapaderazi awo.

kutha kwa banja

Chiyambi cha nkhondo Nazi Germany anali mkazi ndi doubly zomvetsa chisoni. Mwamuna Ekateriny Furtsevoy anapita kutsogolo, ndipo analengeza kuti akuchoka banja. Pamodzi, alibenso moyo, ngakhale pa nthawi imeneyi anabwera kuyatsa yaitali mwana.

Catherine A. nthawizonse ndinkafuna kuti ana. Komabe, iye anali otha kutenga mimba pambuyo zaka khumi ukwati. Ngati ambiri mbiri mfundo za Catherine Furtsevoy zokhudza mbiri yake, kubadwa kwa mwana amamuonera nthano ndi mbiri. Panali Mwachitsanzo, kulankhula za mmene bambo msungwana uyo sanali Peter Bitkov. N'chifukwa chake anavulala mwamuna, ndipo anasiya banja. Komabe, pali mabaibulo ena. Petro, mnyamata wokongola munthu, anakumana kutsogolo kwa mkazi wina. Iye anagwa mu chikondi ndi kuyamba banja latsopano. Akuti Tiyerekezenso ngati kwambiri ngati choonadi. Ndipotu, kwa Svetlana Bitkov Ine sindinayambe anakana. M'malo mwake, mwana wamkazi wa Catherine Furtsevoy mwansangala za iye. Iye anati kuti mapeto a moyo wake, Peter Ivanovic anataya maganizo ake makolo.

Kubadwa kwa mwana

A analephera moyo Ekateriny Furtsevoy anachoka mu moyo wake chipsera kwambiri. iye sanaiwale mwamuna wake. Yekha ndi mantha njakata ndiponso kusungulumwa, Furtseva anali wokonzeka pa mphindi iliyonse kusiya mwana. Koma werera mayi, amene wasanduka ake m'nthawi yovuta ya thandizo.

Pa mimba Furtseva anali anasamutsidwa kuti Kuibyshev (tsopano Samara). Mzindawu uli waukulu akazembe ena ndi Commissariats. Kubadwa zinayenda bwino. Catherine A. olembedwa pa dzina mwana wake wamkazi. Komabe, mu Kuibyshev Furtseva moyo wautali. wantchito wake chipani, anaitanidwa kuti Moscow.

zaka losaiwalika

Ngakhale nkhondo yovuta mu 1942, ali kwa Catherine Furtsevoy kukhala yofunika kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa kubadwa kwa mwana wamkazi, iye ndinapatsidwa ntchito yatsopano. Kukula ndi kwambiri kuti achinyamata ntchito anaona Petr Vladimirovich Boguslavsky, yemwe anali mlembi woyamba wa Frunze chigawo komiti ya chipani. Iye anandiuza kuti Catherine Alexeevna agwirizane wagawo wake. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo anayamba bwino ntchito chipani mkazi amene Patapita nthawi ananka naye kwa chimake kwambiri mphamvu. Ndipo zikuoneka kuti mofulumira anayamba ntchito chipani anathandiza Furtsevoy apulumuke sewero munthu.

Ndi Petrom Vladimirovichem Boguslavskim ku Catherine ndili ndi ubale wapadera. Mlembi woyamba wa komiti ya chigawo anamuyamikira osati malonda, komanso makhalidwe chosalimba. Young Furtseva anali wokongola. Amuna ambiri amakopeka ndi kuwala kwake, ang'ono chithunzi ndi mafunde makhalidwe. Amene paubwenzi a Peter V. ndi Catherine Ine, silidziŵika. Nkhani zimenezi tilibe ngakhale ndi anthu apamtima.

Mlembi woyamba

Malamulo zofunika bwino udindo wa nduna chipani akhala anaphunzira Ekaterina Alekseevna wokongola msanga. Posachedwa Furtseva anasintha Peter V. mu malo ake. Anakhala mbuye m'dera lonse matauni. Pofuna kutsimikizira lamanja kutchedwa mlembi woyamba wa komiti ya disilikiti, Furtseva anaphunzira makhalidwe ambiri ndi zizolowezi za atsogoleri wamwamuna. Iye anali kuphunzira kuti manyazi zolaula ndiponso kukhala amantha mu timu anthu. Komanso akhoza, ngati n'koyenera, kutumiza munthu pa mayi ndi kumwa yabwino.

Komabe Furtseva sanaiwale kuti mkazi anali wokongola kwambiri. Ndipo anampatsa njira zina chikoka pa anthu.

Catherine A. ankasiyana wovuta msonkhano ndi Kutukula kwambiri. Komanso, nthawi zonse anakwaniritsa malonjezo ake. Amalemekezabe ndi luntha lake kulinganiza zinthu pagulu. Ndipo ziribe kanthu zimene iwo ndi cholinga. Izi zikhoza kukhala "kuyeretsedwa" wa chigawo botolo la anthu amene ankabwera kwa Moscow ku North mwa likulu zotha pakati pa "Leningrad choncho," kapena chitetezo wachisoni "Madokotala 'Chiwembu. Catherine A. zonse bwino patsogolo pa zake alembi anzake.

Kusunthira mmwamba ntchito makwerero

kusintha kwambiri mu mbiri Furtsevoy zinachitika pa nthawi imene Stalin anali atapereka kwa malo mutu wa Khrushchev Moscow. Mmodzi wa mlembi chipani Nikita Khrushchev ankafuna kuti asankhe mkazi. Chisankho unagwa pa malonda ndi amphamvu Furtseva.

Kumene, ntchito akazi zida chipani achokapo "kuchokera zikande." Ankaona kuti amuna okha omwe angathe kulimbana ndi maudindo anatumizidwa pa mapewa a wogwira ntchito. Stalin iyeyo pa pokambirana mutu wa N. K. Baybakovym mafuta makampani wa USSR ponena kuti Commissar Anthu kwenikweni muyenera misempha ya bullish tisafooke. Komabe, woyamba Catherine Furtsevoy bwino sikokwanira, chifukwa anali mtima kwambiri munthu.

Mu Moscow mutu

Chaka atamwalira Stalin, 26/05/1954, pa Furtseva anaikidwa mlembi woyamba wa Moscow Committee wa chipanichi. chotero lalikulu chipani gulu osati kutsogoleredwa mkazi aliyense kuti mfundo imeneyi. Choncho, Catherine A. analowa udindo wa zonse kunachitika "mbuye" mumzindawo.

No ubwenzi pakati Furtsevoy ndi Khrushchev anali ayi. Mutu wa State anali wokhulupirika kwa mkazi wake, ndi madona sikuti anali bizinesi. Komanso, adafunsa Khrushchev chomwecho, popanda wina aliyense kupatula.

ukwati

Ndithudi, iye anasankha ntchito chidwi Ekaterina Furtseva. Banja lake Komabe, kufunikabe. Mkazi sanadzisiyira ziyembekezo za msonkhano ndi amphamvu ndi wodalira munthuyo. Pomaliza, anapeza wosangalala. Kugwira ntchito mu chipani zida mwa likulu, anagwa mchikondi ndi Catherine A. Nikolaya Pavlovicha Firyubina - Mlembi mnzake wake. Iye anali ndipo titafika mkulu wake ndi zaka ziwiri.

Roman Firyubin Furtsevoy nakhala nkhani ya miseche ku likulu. Iyo inali nthawi imene chilekano anthu si analimbikitsa, ndi mkazi apatsidwa udindo wa amayi wodzipereka ndi akazi. Lingaliro la "mbuye" chifukwa maganizo. N'chifukwa chake Nikolay Pavlovich Firyubin mofulumira palibe kusiya banja lake. Komabe, patapita kanthawi Iwo anali kukhala limodzi. M'pofunikanso kuti latsopano m'banja stepdaughter ndi mayi apongozi anakumana oipa kwambiri. Zinali nsanje ya Marya Nikolaevna ndi Svetlana, amene sanafune kuti aliyense kugawana wokondedwa wawo.

mwamuna kusankhidwa

ndondomeko ambiri salola Furtsevoy chimwemwe banja. Mu January 1954 Nikolaya Firyubina yoikidwiratu kazembe ku Czechoslovakia. Munthu mmalo awa, monga ulamuliro, pamodzi ndi mkazi wake, amene amachita nawo ntchito. Pa mapewa ake apuma ntchito bungwe madyerero ndi kupanga ubwenzi ndi oimira ochokera m'mayiko ena. Komabe, nsembe ntchito yawo Catherine A. sanatero. Sikunali kokwanira basi kumva mkazi wake, ndi mwamuna wake ku Prague anasiya. Party Committee chapakati anaona imeneyi ndi kulola Firyubin akakhale mwa Czechoslovakia.

Kumene, kulekana yaitali sizithandiza ukwati. Furtseva sakufuna Firyubin anatuluka m'dzikoli pa nthawi yaitali, koma kusiya udindo wake ngati kazembe kunali kosatheka.

Pamwamba pa mphamvu

A udindo wapadera mu moyo wa Furtsevoy ankaimba 20 Party Congress. Catherine A. yankho lake anaukitsidwa kwa chimake cha mphamvu. Pa umboni wa Khrushchev, iye anaikidwa mlembi wa Komiti ya Central ndi analowa mndandanda ofuna anthu a presidium lapansi. Udindo umene unali waukulu kwambiri mu dziko. Popanda chilolezo cha Secretariat m'Komiti ya ku Central sakanakhoza kuchita chilichonse, palibe bungwe kapena utumiki.

Khrushchev anakhulupirira Ekaterina A. "Munthu wake". Zimenezi zinathandiza ake kukhala membala wa 06.29.1957 wa Presidium a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU. Potumiza zinali mokweza kwambiri. M'pofunikanso zonenera kuti sizinachitikebe konse mu mbiriyakale ya USSR ndi mkazi lotsatira anatenga malo ofanana pansi Gorbachev.

Khrushchev anachita Furtsevoy wapatali mphatso. Iye anabwerera kwawo kwa mwamuna wake, anamuika wachiwiri nduna ya nkhani zakunja.

autopsy mtsempha

Pamwamba pa mphamvu Ekaterina Alekseevna Furtseva anakhala zaka zitatu zokha. 05.04.1960, Khrushchev mwadzidzidzi onse amachotsedwa secretariat anthu angapo mndandanda. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Catherine A ..

n'chifukwa kusintha echelons apamwamba mndandanda ulamuliro boma chiyani? Anthu amakhulupirira kuti nkhani iyi KGB manja. Iwo anapitiriza mbiri Committee chapakati ufulu kukambirana alembi mu zipinda mpumulo. No woukira sanali malankhulidwe awo. Komabe, iwo alolera njira yapadera kuti khalidwe la Nikita Khrushchev. Komabe, pali kufotokoza wina kwa mfundo imeneyi. Chikhalidwe cha Khrushchev anali kumuukitsa kwa ngati munthu chizungulire misanje, kenako anakhumudwa ndi izo, zosavuta polekanitsa ndi ndiwotani posachedwapa ndi kuyamba kulimbikitsa munthu wina.

Koma monga pa chaka Furtseva anapitiriza woimira echelons apamwamba mphamvu. Komabe, 21 TH Congress wa presidium izo salinso m'gulu. Zimenezi anakhala Catherine Ine nkhonya zoopsa. Ndipo mkaziyo ngakhale kudzipha.

Pa tsiku lomwelo, pamene iye anali pa msonkhano wa 21 TH Congress, Furtseva kunyumba, anapita ku bafa ndi kudula woimbayo wake. Komabe, nthawi iye anafa ndipo sanali kupita. Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chakuti Catherine A. Sichinatsitsidwe zimafika msonkhano ndi bwenzi lake. Iyo inali Furtseva ake ndi apatsidwa udindo wa mpulumutsi mngelo. bwenzi A wachita zonse zotheka. Catherine A. kupulumutsidwa. Komatu, "kulira ndi mtima 'wakhala si amene anayambitsa anachita iliyonse kuchokera Khrushchev. Tsiku lotsatira zitachitika, adati pa msonkhano zikuluzikulu m'Komiti ya Central, si koyenera kufuna ichi kutuluka kwa moyo ngakhale kulabadira. Mawu amenewa inasamutsidwa Furtsevoy. Ndipo iye anachoka mu yekha, ndipo anayamba kumwa moŵa. Ndipotu iri linatsimikizidwa ndi bwenzi Ekateriny Furtsevoy, mmodzi amene anali Lyudmila Zykina.

Minister positi

Patatha mwezi umodzi analandira uthenga za udindo watsopano Furtsevoy. Nduna ya Culture wa USSR yomweyo analandira dzina lakuti, omwe anakhala chuma cha dziko lonse - Ekaterina Velikaya. gulu lake m'gulu zikwizikwi antchito a zojambulajambula, audindo ku Moscow ndi Moscow dera. Ndipo wake "Makamu" iye ankaganiza miliyoni 3-4 wamba kultorgov mu Soviet Union, akatswiri ogwira ntchito zakale, ogwira ntchito ku situdiyo masewera ndi zina zotero D..

Nduna ya Culture Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna zinali yekhayo wa atsogoleri a USSR, amene analidi wofunitsitsa kuwombola chikhalidwe pakati pa mayiko. Pa kanthu ake, mbuye wathu anapitiriza ulendo yachilendo, ndi la Soviet Union kuyendera ojambula achilendo, oimba ndi oimba. Anabweretsa kwa dziko lathu ndi dziko zakale kwambiri zisudzo.

Nduna ya Culture wa USSR linali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Komabe, chilichonse ankanyamula chiopsezo ntchito. Izi anali mothandizidwa ndi vuto kuti maganizo kuti zachitika mu dziko. Iwo anali limodzi ndi malo okhwima, amasiyiratu kunali kutha kwa ankaoneka munthu ena kupatuka pa mzere Party. izo zinali mu chidwi Furtsevoy m'malo musataye wabwino kuposa kuthetsa. Atamaliza bwino anaperekedwa chifukwa ndi sewero kapena filimu anajambula matamando wapabanja wosewera ndi wotsogolera. Pakuti anavomereza "zolakwa" anali kuyankha kwa iye.

Komabe Furtseva nthawi zina popanda kufufuza ndipo anatenga udindo wonse. Kuwonjezera pa machitidwe alipo phwando nthawi zambiri motsogozedwa ndi sympathies munthu ndi antipathies.

imfa akuchikazi

Imfa ya Marya Nikolaevna mu 1972, wakhala tsoka chenicheni cha Furtsevoy. Iwo ankadalira kwambiri pa mayi ndi chilolezo chake. Bwenzi Catherine Furtsevoy ankadziwa kuti mumtima mwake iye ndi wosakhazikika kwambiri. Iye anadandaula kuti iwo kuti palibe akufuna ndipo palibe amene amadziwa. Monga momwe milandu yonseyi zinali zoona? Mwamuna wa Catherine Ine, Nicholas Ine, kanthu za unansi wake ndi mkazi wake sindiri kukuuzani.

Kutha kwa ntchito

Kukhala ngati nduna ya Culture, Furtseva anaganiza kuyamba kumanga Villa zawo. Komabe, anafunsa mabungwe subordinated kwa izo. Koma munthu wodzipereka kwa nkhani ino walemba kwa Nduna ya chidzudzulo. Iwo anati kuti Furtseva chophwanya Party ndi boma chikhalidwe, anagula pa Bolshoi Theatre pa Kuchotsera zipangizo mitengo nyumbayi. Catherine ndinali adzipereke kwa boma dacha. Pobwezera, iye analandira malipiro 25 chikwi. Rubles. Komabe, utsogoleri anaganiza kutumiza Furtseva pantchito. Koma kukambirana ndi bwenzi lake, iye anafotokoza cholinga olimba kufa, monga mtumiki. Ndipo kotero izo zinachitika.

Kodi Catherine anafa Furtseva? Izo zinachitika pa tsiku pamene iye anadziwa za penshioni ndi kuti Nikolai Pavlovich zikumuchititsa mkazi wina. Chotero awiri nkhonya Catherine A. sakanakhoza kupirira. Ndithudi, patsogolo ake ankayembekezera moyo dreary kopanda pensioner. Ichi chaoneka ake kowopsa kwambiri.

Mwalamulo ndi imfa ya Catherine Furtsevoy zinachitika kuyambira kulephera pachimake mtima. Izo zinachitika Koma posakhalitsa 10/24/1974 Moscow ladzala ndi mphekesera zakuti yachiwiri kudzipha iye analephera. Malinga ndi kafukufuku zosavomerezeka, Furtseva poizoni ndi cyanide.

Pa Catherine Ine kumaliro a mwamuna woyamba - Peter Ivanovich Bitkov. Kenako anauza mwana wake Svetlana kuti moyo wonse chikondi mayi ake. Mwa njira, iye sanali mwachidule anakumana mkazi wake woyamba.

Firyubin anapita ndi Kleopatroy Gogolevoy, mkazi wamasiye wa mlembi wakale gulu la Komiti Regional Moscow.

Kodi m'manda Furtseva Ekaterina Alekseevna? Pa Novodevichy manda ku Moscow. manda ake lili mu mzere wa 14 pa gawo 3. Pafupi zabodza ndi mwana wake Svetlana, amene anamwalira mu 2005. Izi adakhazikitsa banja manda chipilala. Iwo umakonzedwa ndi wamanga M. O. Barsch ndi zosemasema P. E. Kerbel. Tikukumbukira akuimira Pamwalawo ofukula anayi opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi kuwala. Mmodzi wa nkhope yake mbali ali mawonekedwe a zeze. The kumtunda ndi chikumbukiro mpumulo fano lomwe - Catherine Furtseva yokha. Zaka za moyo wa womwalirayo si mwasankha. Pa chipilala kolembedwa maina chabe.