Choonadi ndi mabodza sewero "m'munsi kuya" Gorky

Gorky nthawizonse anakopeka mgwirizano ndi kulimba kwa zotsutsana (n'zosadabwitsa anali Marxist): anthu ndi umunthu, olemera ndi osauka, zabwino ndi zoipa, choonadi ndi bodza. Mu sewero "m'munsi kuya" wolemba anakwanitsa bwino kwambiri kusonyeza chisoni mumamva choonadi ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu ya bodza kwa ofooka, munthu wosweka. Ambiri maganizo ntchito Russian mabuku osati kunyumba ndi kunja. Ndinali nazonso, ndi sewero "m'munsi kuya". Gorky analemba ku mapeto a 1901 - chiyambi cha 1902. Choyambirira udindo: "Pansi pa moyo", "Sunless", "Doss nyumba", "pansi".

sewerolo yekha analola pa Moscow Art Theatre, kumene woyamba ankachitika 18 December 1902 akuluakulu a Stanislavsky ndi Nemirovich-Danchenko zinachitikadi. Mu 1904 iye analandira mphoto Griboyedov.

nyumba zauve dziko

Choyamba Mesiya anthu "pansi" - akuba, achiwerewere, kutchova ndi zidakhwa, zomwe wolemba wasonkhanitsa mu flophouse nightmarish.

Zomvetsa chisoni latsala ngwazi ake limakhulupirira Gorky - pansi pa anthu kuti mantha, "chapansi, ngati mphanga," kaulusi otsika molemera, "unpainted ndi zauve" mipando. Inde, pali akulamulira chitayiko, kumwa mowa, ndewu, mikangano wosatha, umphawi ndi osalabadira. wolemba si kulekera wakuda utoto - ngwazi za ntchito amangoona ngati malo awo okhala.

The okhala "pansi"

The nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona moyo mnyamata mbala Ash hule Nastia, ndi imawonongeka fuko lomveka (Baron), amene amakhala kwa ndalama Nastya a, locksmith mite ndi mkazi wake kufa, wosewera mowa, khadi tricksters bafuta, kartuznik Bubnov ndi ena kuti agwirizane kale dzina lake. Lili khola ili la adyera ndi zonyansa anaopa wapamwamba Kostylev mtima wonse kuti "ubwino wa mtima sangakhoze ukugwira ndalama." Conco ang'amba osauka alendowo zikopa atatu, kuti chinachake kugula mafuta mu nyali. Tikhoza kunena kuti mu zochitika Gorky analenga kalembedwe "noir" - Komabe, ambiri Russian sewero tchimo akukokomeza chiyembekezo.

Poyamba, kusewera otchulidwa umasinthasintha squabble pa nkhani za tsiku ndi tsiku - ndi Baron sakufuna akusesa m'nyumba, ndiye bango snarls poyankha atamunamizira mphwayi mkazi wake odwala, peddler chiwiya chako chokandiramo ufa ikufotokoza kuthekera ukwati. Pamene pali akungoyendayenda akale Yoona za Malo Ogona nyumba Luka kulankhula regulars ake mwadzidzidzi kutenga kukhota aumunthu. Apa ndi pamene kwenikweni ndi kulimbana kwa choonadi ndi bodza mu sewero "m'munsi kuya".

Kufufuza za Chikhristu ntchito

The newcomer chapadera kwa anthu a okhazikika "kostylevskih nyimboyi" kuti anakhalabe ndi anthu pulayimale. Otsutsa ena amanena kuti Luka - khalidwe oipa, ndipo ngakhale dzina zichokela ku "woipayo". Koma zikuoneka kuti izi siziri choncho kumayambiriro kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi zaka makumi awiri. Gorky wotsatira wa chiphunzitso mulungu zomanga, amene anayesa kuwayanjanitsa Marxism ndi Chikhristu, zochokera kufanana kwa nzeru.

Choonadi ndi mabodza sewero "m'munsi kuya" ndiyo intricately zapiringizana mu mawonekedwe a Luka, amene ali m'malo makhalidwe Uthenga Wabwino. maganizo ake kwakukulukulu Mkhristu: iye kwenikweni kuyesera kutonthoza chisoni (ndipo mwina mu owawa ndipo akuona cholinga chachikulu cha chipembedzo). Munthu wakale akulimbikitsa kufa Anna, mwachifundo amamvetsera ndi zopeka nkhani yachikondi chonyansa hule, akuuza wosewera mowa pa chipatala, amene chofunika kudzachiritsidwa, Pokopa mbala Vaska kupita ku Siberia, ndi kuyamba latsopano moyo woona mtima.

Luka amakhulupirira kuti imfa ya chiyembekezo chiweruzo cha imfa ndipo limatiuza fanizo za munthu, moyo maloto kupita ku "dziko la chilungamo." Ataphunzira kuti iye sanali kumeneko, Anapachikidwa (monga akutsirizira imfa ndi chikhulupiriro mu machiritso a wosewera mowa, kodi Ndipotu kusewera Gorky ndi malekezero).

Choncho onse yemweyo: zoona kapena zabodza? Ulemu kapena chisoni?

Sizikudziwika ngati wolemba chikutionetsera chiyembekezo nkhambakamwa mwadala, motero lisanduke bodza, koma ilo linali pa nthawiyi mtundu wa polemics ndi Luca amatenga bafuta. Iye anali mnyamata ndinawerenga kwambiri, kenako anapha munthu kuteteza mlongo wake m'ndende kusiya makadi ndipo anayamba kupanga chisokonezo moyo. Bafuta nditaona, anzeru anapanga. mumtima mwake penapake chikugwirizana ndi maganizo a Luke: Onse ndikukhulupirira kuti pakatikati pa thambo - mwamuna ndi bwino ufulu. Koma ngati Luka limati ndi "nthawi ya chisoni anthu," chinachake AA chisoni zosavomerezeka: ". Tiyenera kulemekeza anthu ... osati manyazi iye ... chisoni"

Pamene okhalira mlandu munthu wakale wa Bodza, ndi juga-aluntha kutifotokozera kuteteza kuti: "Pali anthu ambiri ogonana mwa chisoni mnansi ... Pali zolimbikitsa bodza, bodza kuyanjanitsa." Iye mwiniyo anati zoipa zake lomveka, kweni kweni kusapeŵeka kwa ena: "Ndani ali wofooka moyo ... ndi anthu ena amene moyo timadziti ... bodza kuli kofunikira."

Zolembalemba wotsutsa ndi cholinga wolemba

Choonadi ndi mabodza sewero "m'munsi kuya" zosemphana osati maganizo otchuka. Kutsutsana chachikulu ndicho, mwachizolowezi, pakati pa mau ndi ntchito, mfundo ndi zinthu zenizeni. Bafuta wambiri nkhani zoti anthu "zikumveka bwino" - iye, koma palibe oposa khadi sharpie, nanyoza ntchito: "Ntchito? Chiyani? Kuti Podzazidwa? ". Ayi, kumene inu kukhala "apamwamba satiety." Ntchito, kotero, ndi zolakwa, ndi kunyengezana pa makadi - palibe.

Nkokoma kuti tiri mfulu kwa malingaliro zokomera, amene wakhala akapolo a limakhulupirira Gorky. "Pa pansi" - sewero chidwi ndi mwakuya, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti ayenera kumwedwa ngati podzudzula anthu capitalist. N'kutheka kuti wolemba anayesa kusiyanitsa osati pakati pa Akhristu oona ndi onama, komanso munthu amene zikumveka zabwino, ndi anthu amene ukulu wake wakale kuchokera kanthu chikhalire.

Yang'anani kuphompho

Mmodzi wa anthu a sewerolo ndi momveka bwino popereka zifukwa anakhala "pansi pa": "Pamene ine ndinayamba kudzaza - ndi limbikitse lonse, khungu munthu akhalabe ... Ndipo komabe - Ndine aulesi. Kukhudzika ine sindimakonda ntchito. "

Mu omaliza Nastya formulates mzere uwu potsiriza: "... muli kuti adzacotsa monga zinyalala ... penapake mu dzenje." Izi zikumveka ngati lingaliro m'malo opweteka "amuna superfluous" ayenera kuwonongedwa, osati kutonthozedwa uweme bodza, ngakhale moyo wa munthu aliyense - sikunapite pachabe. Pankhaniyi, imfa ya wosewera wa potsiriza anazindikira kulephera kwa kukhalapo kwake, ukuimira kwambiri.