Ali Carthage, ndipo kodi lemba lake mbiri?

Ancient Carthage - limodzi mwa mayiko ochepa amene anagwetsa zimativuta asilikali a Roma mu zaka za zana lachitatu BC. Chigonjetso cha Rome zinachititsa kuti mapeto a chitukuko zawo zazikulu waluntha, ndipo Carthage popanda kuiwalika. Komabe, boma wakhala bwino wogonjetsa ndi chidwi geopolitical player m'nthawi yakaleyo.

Carthage anakhazikitsidwa mu 814 BC ndi atsamunda ku Foinike ku Turo. Koma Foinike kale m'zaka VIII anagonjetsedwa ndi Asuri kuti poyamba zinachititsa kuti ufulu wa a anthu ochokera ku Foinike, ndipo kachiwiri, dziko wachititsa ndege ambiri okhalamo (ena akhazikika njuchi posachedwapa). Carthage anakhala mtsogoleri watsopano wa dera, agwilitse gawo la mzinda wakale. Malo Carthage (malo Hrs), zinamupatsa kulimbitsa komanso pang'onopang'ono kukhala mphamvu zawo ndi chikoka mu dera.

Inali m'mphepete mwa Africa North, amene anatsimikiza ulamuliro ndi malonda ake apanyanja bwino. Court, anawoloka Mediterranean, zivute zitani anadutsa pakati Sicily (pang'ono ili wachita kale kulamulidwa ndi Carthaginians, ndipo potsiriza anagonjetsa kale m'zaka za m'ma IV BC), lomwe cholinga cha boma malamulo yake m'nyanja. Ndi VI m'ma BC ndi anthu likulu wafika anthu 70 sauzande, ndipo anakhala waukulu kwambiri lonse la Mediterranean kumadzulo.

Woyamba kwambiri Otsutsa asilikali a boma anakhala Agiriki akale, amene anayamba mu VII atumwi, kulamulira kwake kwa gombe lonse Mediterranean. Makamaka mu nkhondo Agiriki ndi Persian za m'ma V Carthage anagwirizira mbali Persian. Global kulimbana ndi Ahelene anakumana bwino wosanganiza ndi kulephera. Komabe Carthage kwambiri kukodzedwa m'gawo lake makamaka chifukwa gombe North Africa, kum'mwera kwa dziko la Iberia ndipo zisumbu
Sea. akupeza Komanso Carthage wotchuka komanso bwino malonda, umene unali gwero chachikulu cha moyo pagulu. amalonda awo anapita kugombe la m'maiko atatu - Ulaya, Asia, Africa, chifukwa mu khamu la anthu kuti apeze komwe Carthage.

Choyamba Punic Nkhondo

Only m'zaka III BC itakula Republic Roma kukhala odana kwambiri Carthage. nkhondo yawo chifukwa cha chizolowezi achilengedwe a Latins kukuza wambiri yawo, timakhala poyamba wochezeka pakati pa iwo anayamba limasokonekera.

Choyamba Punic nkhondo (Aroma wotchedwa Carthaginians punami) inayamba mu 264 BC, makamaka lalikulu ndi njira Sicily. Aroma chogwidwa nkhondo dziko, koma pafupifupi chilichonse kutsutsa zombo wa Carthage. Izo zinali kokha mu 241, pamene zombo ndi Carthage asilikali kale wotopa, Aroma anatha yekha khama lawo lomaliza kusonkhanitsa asilikali, kusunthira zisudzo mu Africa. Anagonjetsa Aroma zilumba anamaliza Egatskih Choyamba Punic nkhondo, zimene zinachititsa kuti imfa ya malo wamphamvu kwambiri m'derali ndipo ena mwa mapangano akumane Carthaginians.

Wachiwiri ndi wachitatu Punic nkhondo

Zomwe zinachitika lachiwiri la atasemphana Otsutsa woyenera mzake unkachitika mu 218. Mu Pofuna kubwezera chinayambira mkulu wa asilikali, Hannibal Barca. M'malo mwake nkhondo ya chilumba mwa nyanja, Hannibal n'kutsogolera anthu ake yolambalalitsira - kudzera Spain ndi Alps, kulowera njira kuwina nambala ya kupambana zofunika (Pakati nkhondo wotchuka ochepa pa Cannae mu 216, nkhonya amphamvu kuti Republic ndi otsetsereka mbali ya Hannibal mbali yaikulu ya Italy). Komabe, Aroma anali akadali kuyima, kenako kachiwiri kusuntha nkhondoyo mu Africa. Pambuyo mndandanda wa zipambano, iwo anapezanso ntchito zawo za nkhondo, ndipo kwambiri kusokoneza zinthu Carthaginians.

Nkhondo chotsimikiziridwa chigonjetso cha Rome, anali Nkhondo ya Zama mu 202. Kachiwiri, Carthage anakwanitsa achire kugonjetsedwa ndi. zaka makumi asanu patatha mzinda kachiwiri anakhala mmodzi wa olemera mu Mediterranean. Ndi malo ake, choyamba, braked chuma cha Rome, ndipo kachiwiri, zinali zoopsa chabe.

Mu 149 BC, mabwalo womangidwa nkhondo lachitatu. Kusainira mgwirizanowo ndi ankhanza Carthage numudiyskim Massanissoy mfumu, Aroma nawo chifukwa chochitira alowererepo asilikali. Asilikali anafika pa gombe la Africa North, kumene Carthage, asilikali Roma anazinga mzindawo. Izi zinachitika kwa zaka zitatu, koma zikuthera cholanda, chiwonongeko pafupifupi onse ndi chiwonongeko zambiri anthu. M'tsogolo, mzinda anapitiriza kulibe mpaka adzagonjetsa Arab, koma analibe konse kufunika.

Kodi masiku Carthage (yeniyeni, zotsala ake), ili pafupi nthawi yomweyo mzinda wa Tunis - likulu la dziko eponymous mu Maghreb.